Women’s Writing in the British Isles from the Beginnings to the Present
Virginia Woolf
-
Standard Name: Woolf, Virginia
Birth Name: Adeline Virginia Stephen
Nickname: Ginia
Married Name: Adeline Virginia Woolf
Thousands of readers over three or four generations have known that Virginia Woolf was—by a beadle—denied access to the library of a great university. They may have known, too, that she was a leading intellect of the twentieth century. If they are feminist readers they will know that she thought . . . back through her mothers and also sideways through her sisters and that she contributed more than any other in the twentieth century to the recovery of women's writing.
Marcus, Jane. “Introduction”. New Feminist Essays on Virginia Woolf, edited by Jane Marcus, Macmillan, 1981, p. i - xx.
xiv
Educated in her father's library and in a far more than usually demanding school of life, she radically altered the course not only of the English tradition but also of the several traditions of literature in English.
Froula, Christine. Virginia Woolf and the Bloomsbury Avant-Garde. Columbia University Press, 2005.
2
She wrote prodigiously—nine published novels, as well as stories, essays (including two crucial books on feminism, its relation to education and to war), diaries, letters, biographies (both serious and burlesque), and criticism. As a literary journalist in a wide range of forums, she addressed the major social issues of her time in more than a million words.
Woolf, Virginia. “Introduction; Editorial Note”. The Essays of Virginia Woolf, edited by Andrew McNeillie, Hogarth Press, 1986–1994, pp. vols. 1 - 4: various pages.
ix
She left a richly documented life in words, inventing a modern fiction, theorising modernity, writing the woman into the picture. She built this outstandingly influential work, which has had its impact on both writing and life, on her personal experience, and her fictions emerge to a striking degree from her life, her gender, and her moment in history. In a sketch of her career written to Ethel Smyth
she said that a short story called An Unwritten Novelwas the great discovery . . . . That—again in one second—showed me how I could embody all my deposit of experience in a shape that fitted it.
Woolf, Virginia. The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Editors Nicolson, Nigel and Joanne Trautmann, Hogarth Press, 1975–1980, 6 vols.
At home Olivia was encouraged to love poetry, learned to read by the time she was four, and was later subjected to piano lessons which taught her nothing. As a teenager and thinking of herself...
Education
Margaret Forster
As a very small child MF
was noisy and demanding and given to tantrums.
Forster, Margaret. Hidden Lives. Viking, 1995.
121-2
At two she talked in long sentences . . . and never stopped asking questions and wanting to try to...
Education
Q. D. Leavis
Queenie also was known for her bookish habits: her tastes ran especially to Henry James
, along with the journals the New Statesman, The Spectator, the Times Literary Supplement, and Time and...
Family and Intimate relationships
Vita Sackville-West
VSW
's growing romance with Virginia Woolf
, which had lasted for three years, produced a significant moment of intimacy
qtd. in
Glendinning, Victoria. Vita. Penguin, 1984.
149
during a visit by Woolf to Long Barn.
Glendinning, Victoria. Vita. Penguin, 1984.
149
Family and Intimate relationships
Lady Anne Clifford
LAC
was married, at midnight, to Richard Sackville
. Two days later, on his father's death, he became Earl of Dorset and she became mistress of Knole House.
This is the great house which...
Family and Intimate relationships
Julia Frankau
Her daughter Joan (by marriage Joan Bennett
) became a university teacher and published books in the 1940s on George Eliot
and Virginia Woolf
.
Frankau, Reuben. Emails to Orlando about Julia Frankau, with attached bibliography. 15–16 Aug. 2011.
Family and Intimate relationships
Lady Anne Clifford
LAC
's father, George Clifford, third Earl of Cumberland
, was not only a land-owner but also a merchant-adventurer. From his most successful voyages he returned with cargoes of exotic produce and artefacts (as mentioned...
Strachey, Julia, and Frances Partridge. Julia: A Portrait of Julia Strachey. Little, Brown, 1983.
43
Rendel, who had diverse skills and interests, was Virginia Woolf
's chief physician during...
Family and Intimate relationships
Dora Carrington
DC
began a long friendship with Virginia Woolf
when she was summoned to Woolf's country home, Asheham, after breaking into the house with Barbara Hiles
and David Garnett
.
Gerzina, Gretchen. Carrington: A Life of Dora Carrington, 1893-1932. John Murray, 1989.
95-6
Family and Intimate relationships
Ethel Smyth
ES
met Virginia Woolf
; their friendship continued until Woolf's death in 1941.
Collis, Louise. Impetuous Heart: The Story of Ethel Smyth. William Kimber, 1984.
175
Family and Intimate relationships
Dora Carrington
DC
met her greatest love, the writer Lytton Strachey
, during a three-day stay at Asheham, the Sussex home of Virginia
(and Leonard) Woolf
.
This was a year which in Virginia Woolf's life was...
Family and Intimate relationships
Ray Strachey
RS
's sister, Karin
, was one of the first Freudian psychoanalysts.
Strachey, Barbara. Remarkable Relations: The Story of the Pearsall Smith Women. Universe Books, 1980.
13
She became the first woman at Cambridge
to receive a Star, or Distinction, in Philosophy.
Strachey, Barbara. Remarkable Relations: The Story of the Pearsall Smith Women. Universe Books, 1980.
264
She married Adrian Stephen
, Virginia Woolf
's younger brother.
Strachey, Barbara. Remarkable Relations: The Story of the Pearsall Smith Women. Universe Books, 1980.
270
Family and Intimate relationships
Dora Carrington
Woolf
recalled their first conversation to Garnett
: It flatters us a good deal to see what a reputation for a temper we've got. I telephoned to Miss Carrington, and heard her quake at the...
Family and Intimate relationships
Dorothy Bussy
Dorothy's immediate family was large and vibrant: she had nine surviving siblings, most of whom distinguished themselves in the public realm. Her sister Philippa (Pippa) Strachey
(1872-1968) was a longtime suffragist who organized the first...
Family and Intimate relationships
Dora Carrington
As part of a suicide watch around Carrington organized by her friends, Virginia
and Leonard Woolf
visited her at Ham Spray on 10 March. Virginia
later wrote in her diary: She burst into tears &...
Timeline
1925: Leonard and Virginia Woolf published Edwin...
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
1928: Edwin Muir published The Structure of the...
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Kermode, Frank. “Fiction and E. M. Forster”. London Review of Books, 10 May 2007, pp. 15-24.
17
1928: Members of the British Federation of University...
30 May 1929: Labour came in twenty-six votes ahead of...
National or international item
30 May 1929
Labour
came in twenty-six votes ahead of the Conservatives
in the first general election with full women's suffrage: the prospect of voting by women under thirty brought the demeaning nickname of the Flapper Election....
20 September 1929: In an Evening Standard article, Supreme Gift...
Women writers item
20 September 1929
In an Evening Standard article, Supreme Gift Denied to Women, James Laver
wrote that women did not reach the first rank as creative artists—though he did allow greatness to Virginia Woolf
.
Woolf, Virginia. The Diary of Virginia Woolf. Editors Bell, Anne Olivier and Andrew McNeillie, Hogarth Press, 1977–1984, 5 vols.
3: 255-6 and n9
1931: Margaret Llewelyn Davies edited a collection...
Gaffin, Jean et al. “Women and Cooperation”. Women in the Labour Movement: The British Experience, edited by Lucy Middleton, Croom Helm, 1977, pp. 113-42.
142n15 and n16
Woolf, Virginia, and Anna Davin. Life as We Have Known It, by Co-operative Working Women. Editor Davies, Margaret Llewelyn, Reprint ed., Virago, 1977.
prelims
November 1933: An exhibition was held of the urban-domestic...
Building item
November 1933
An exhibition was held of the urban-domestic paintings of modern realist Walter Sickert
; Virginia Woolf
attended.
Peach, Linden. “Reading Woolfs Camden: Sickert, Urbanism and the Body in The YearsVoyages Out, Voyages Home: The Eleventh Annual Conference on Virginia Woolf, Bangor, 14 June 2001.
1935: M. G. Ostle edited The Note-books of a Woman...
Women writers item
1935
M. G. Ostle
edited The Note-books of a Woman Alone, selections from the diary of Eve or Evelyn Wilson
, who lived alone and wrote in seclusion.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
21-25 June 1935: The First International Congress of Writers...
National or international item
21-25 June 1935
The First International Congress of Writers for the Defence of Culture (an anti-fascist event urging the responsibility of writers to their society) was held in Paris.
Rowley, Hazel. Christina Stead: A Biography. Secker and Warburg, 1995.
169-77
1 October 1935: At the Labour Party's annual conference Ernest...
1946: Critic Erich Auerbach published, in German,...
Writing climate item
1946
Critic Erich Auerbach
published, in German, the influential study which became in its English translation, 1953, Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature. He wrote it at Istanbul, as a Jewish refugee...
By December 1952: Woodcut-engraver Gwen Raverat, née Darwin,...
Women writers item
By December 1952
Woodcut-engraver Gwen Raverat, née Darwin
, published Period Piece, her extremely popular memoir of her Victorian childhood in Cambridge; by 1975 it had sold 120,000 copies in Britain alone.
Beard, Mary. “Sun and Strawberries”. London Review of Books, 19 Sept. 2002, pp. 13-14.
13
Texts
Woolf, Virginia. The Common Reader. Editor McNeillie, Andrew, Annotated Edition, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1984.
Woolf, Virginia. The Complete Shorter Fiction of Virginia Woolf. Editor Dick, Susan, Hogarth Press, 1985.
Woolf, Virginia. The Death of the Moth. Hogarth Press, 1942.
Woolf, Virginia. The Diary of Virginia Woolf. Editors Bell, Anne Olivier and Andrew McNeillie, Hogarth Press, 1984, 5 vols.
Woolf, Virginia, and Virginia Woolf. “The Enchanted Organ: Anne Thackeray Ritchie”. Collected Essays, Harcourt Brace and World, 1967, pp. 4: 73 - 5.
Woolf, Virginia. The Essays of Virginia Woolf. Editors McNeillie, Andrew and Stuart Nelson Clarke, Hogarth Press, 2011, 6 vols.
Woolf, Virginia. “The Journal of Mistress Joan Martyn”. Twentieth Century Literature, edited by Susan M. Squier and Louise DeSalvo, Vol.
25
, No. 3/4, 1979, pp. 237-69.
Woolf, Virginia. The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Editors Nicolson, Nigel and Joanne Trautmann, Hogarth Press, 1980, 6 vols.
Woolf, Virginia. The Pargiters. Editor Leaska, Mitchell A., New York Public Library; Readex Books, 1977.
Woolf, Virginia. “The Scholar’s Daughter”. Times Literary Supplement, No. 214, p. 52.
Woolf, Virginia. The Second Common Reader. Hogarth Press, 1932.
Woolf, Virginia. “The Symbol”. London Review of Books, Vol.
7
, No. 11, p. 6.
Woolf, Virginia. The Voyage Out. Duckworth, 1915.
Woolf, Virginia. The Voyage Out. Hogarth Press, 1975.
Woolf, Virginia. The Waves. Hogarth Press, 1931.
Woolf, Virginia. The Waves. Hogarth Press, 1980.
Woolf, Virginia. The Waves: The two holograph drafts transcribed and edited. Editor Graham, J. W., University of Toronto Press, 1976.
Woolf, Virginia. The Years. Hogarth Press, 1937.
Woolf, Virginia. The Years. Hogarth Press, 1979.
Woolf, Virginia. The Years. Hogarth Press, 1990.
Woolf, Virginia. The Years. Oxford World’s Classics, Oxford University Press, 1999.
Woolf, Virginia. “Thoughts on Peace in an Air Raid”. The Death of the Moth, edited by Leonard Woolf, Hogarth Press, 1942, pp. 154-7.
Woolf, Virginia. Three Guineas. Hogarth Press, 1938.
Woolf, Virginia. Three Guineas. Hogarth Press, 1986.
Woolf, Virginia. To the Lighthouse. Hogarth Press, 1927.