Society of Friends

Connections

Connections Author name Excerpt
Cultural formation Mary Penington
MP came from the English middle class, and was born into the Anglican church. After an early disregard for religion, then a long period of spiritual struggle, she became a Quaker .
Cultural formation Sophia Hume
SH , religiously awakened by a dangerous brush with smallpox, converted from Anglicanism and joined the Society of Friends .
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Cultural formation May Drummond
Born into an upwardly-mobile Scottish bourgeois family and brought up in the Church of Scotland , MD was about twenty-one when she left the church, gave up their Society and Ceremonies (without, she wrote indignantly...
Cultural formation Margaret Fell
MF and her family were converted to Quakerism by George Fox .
Kunze, Bonnelyn Young. Margaret Fell and the Rise of Quakerism. Macmillan, 1994.
x
Cultural formation Hannah Mary Rathbone
This HMR came from a north-country family of Quaker origins, whose involvement in industrial manufacturing had put them squarely in the upper middle class.
Cultural formation Sarah Grand
Although SG was born in Ireland, her parents were English, stemming from propertied and professional families respectively. Memoirist Helen C. Black described her as coming alike on each side from a race of artistic...
Cultural formation Rebecca Travers
She was originally a Baptist and was converted to Quakerism by James Nayler . She remained loyal to Nayler, even after he was disgraced and condemned by George Fox . RT organised the first women's...
Cultural formation Valentine Ackland
VA was accepted as a member of the Society of Friends ; she remained a Quaker during the remaining two months of her life.
Harman, Claire. Sylvia Townsend Warner: A Biography. Chatto and Windus, 1989.
293
Cultural formation Emma Marshall
She was born into the English middle class. Her mother had been a Quaker , who was disowned by the Friends on her marriage to a non-Quaker, but received back into the Society after the...
Cultural formation Isabella Ormston Ford
She was brought up in Leeds in an English, radical Quaker family with Liberal politics who were committed to humanitarian pursuits.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
The family was of prosperous middle-class standing, but IOF was brought up with a...
Cultural formation Joan Whitrow
JW , a Londoner with possible Welsh heritage, was a restless seeker after religious truth, apparently throughout her life. She sometimes dressed in sackcloth and ashes as a mark of penitence, for as much as...
Cultural formation Anna Sewell
After seriously injuring her ankle at the age of fourteen, AS was dependent on horses for mobility for the rest of her life. Her gratitude towards these animals, coupled with the Quaker and Rousseauvian values...
Cultural formation Winifred Peck
WP writes about her Quaker forebears, of great-grandparents who lived in middle-class comfort in villages since swallowed by urban encroachment.
Peck, Winifred. Home for the Holidays. Faber and Faber, 1955.
19-20
Cultural formation Elizabeth Jolley
EJ was born into the white middle class. She described the family in which she grew up ashalf-English and three-quarters Viennese.
qtd. in
Daniel, Helen. Liars: Australian New Novelists. Penguin, 1988.
272
She spoke German at home with her family until the age of...
Cultural formation Anne Whitehead
She was baptised an Anglican , and her Anglican family disowned her when she joined the Society of Friends . Her conversion, which made her the first Londoner to join the Quakers, probably happened around...

Timeline

By early 1691: Tace Sowle, aged twenty-five, took over from...

Writing climate item

By early 1691

Tace Sowle , aged twenty-five, took over from her elderly father, Andrew , the family printing firm (which that year distributed books to 151 Quaker meetings, as well as bookshops in England, Europe, and the...

Late May or early June 1691: The Quakers, at the first of their Yearly...

Writing climate item

Late May or early June 1691

The Quaker s, at the first of their Yearly Meetings in London, decided to require their provincial Monthly Meetings to order one copy of each Quaker book priced at sixpence or more, and two...

1694-1706: Quaker printer Tace Sowle produced three...

Writing climate item

1694-1706

Quaker printer Tace Sowle produced three volumes of the works of George Fox (Quaker pioneer, husband of Margaret Fell ): his Journal, Epistles, and Gospel-Truth Demonstrated.
Bracken, James K., and Joel Silver, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 170. Gale Research, 1996.
254-5
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.

1701: John Tomkins published Piety Promoted, in...

Building item

1701

John Tomkins published Piety Promoted, in a Collection of Dying Sayings of Many of the People Called Quakers, an important source for lives of both men and women.
Bracken, James K., and Joel Silver, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 170. Gale Research, 1996.
249-50

Probably February or March 1701: Sectarian religious writer Mary Pennyman...

Women writers item

Probably February or March 1701

Sectarian religious writer Mary Pennyman having died on 14 January,
Pennyman, Mary. Some of the Letters and Papers. Editor Pennyman, John, 1701.
49
her husband, John Pennyman , published Some of the Letters and Papers which were written by Mrs. Mary Pennyman, relating to An Holy and...

1708: The first Quaker bibliography, John Whiting's...

Women writers item

1708

The first Quaker bibliography, John Whiting's A Catalogue of Friends' Books. . . , was published by Tace Sowle .
McDowell, Paula. The Women of Grub Street: Press, Politics, and Gender in the London Literary Marketplace, 1678-1730. Clarendon, 1998.
53, 145-6

1722: William Sewel published, through the firm...

Women writers item

1722

William Sewel published, through the firm of Tace Sowle , his History of the Rise, Increase and Progress of the Christian People Called Quakers.
Bracken, James K., and Joel Silver, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 170. Gale Research, 1996.
170: 253

November 1749: The leading Quaker printer Tace Sowle (known...

Writing climate item

November 1749

The leading Quaker printer Tace Sowle (known as Tace Sowle Raylton since her marriage in 1706) died, a highly successful businesswoman.
Bracken, James K., and Joel Silver, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 170. Gale Research, 1996.
170: 251

1750: Samuel Bownas published A Description of...

Building item

1750

Samuel Bownas published A Description of the Qualifications Necessary to be a Gospel Minister; Advice to Ministers and Elders among the People Called Quakers.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.

During the 1760s: Martha Winter (later Martha Routh, Quaker...

Building item

During the 1760s

Martha Winter (later Martha Routh , Quaker minister and autobiographer) was principal of a girls' boarding school which the Quakers ran in Nottingham.
Hans, Nicholas A. New Trends in Education in the Eighteenth Century. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1951.
251
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

21 December 1772: The Narrative appeared of the life of James...

Writing climate item

21 December 1772

The Narrative appeared of the life of James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw , who died this year; he described himself on the title-page as an African Prince.
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.

1776: Members of the Society of Friends who were...

National or international item

1776

Members of the Society of Friends who were slave-owners were ordered to free their slaves; this was two years after Quakers had been forbidden to deal with slave traders, on penalty of expulsion from the...

26-27 December 1781: The Womens Quarterly Meeting for Yorkshire...

Women writers item

26-27 December 1781

The Womens Quarterly Meeting for Yorkshire was held at Leeds, at which an Epistle of general exhortation was drawn up, to be printed at London.
Womens Quarterly Meeting for the County of York (Society of Friends),. An Epistle from the Womens Quarterly Meeting for the County of York. James Phillips, 1782.
title-page

Later 1783: The first Anti-Slavery Committee was founded...

Writing climate item

Later 1783

The first Anti-Slavery Committee was founded (a precursor to the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade , composed chiefly of Quakers ) and The Case of our Fellow Creatures, the Oppressed Africans was published.
Dickson, Mora. The Powerful Bond: Hannah Kilham 1774-1832. Dobson, 1980.
90

22 May 1787: The Society for the Abolition of the Slave...

National or international item

22 May 1787

The Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade was founded in London, by Granville Sharp , Thomas Clarkson , and ten more, of whom nine were Quakers .
Walvin, James. Black Ivory: A History of British Slavery. Howard University Press, 1994.
xii
Bayly, Christopher Alan. Atlas of the British Empire. Facts on File, 1989.
83
Walvin, James et al. “Ignatius Sancho: The Man and His Times”. Ignatius Sancho: An African Man of Letters, National Portrait Gallery, 1997, pp. 93-113.
109
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2025, 22 vols. plus supplements.
under Wilberforce

Texts

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