1187 results Occupation

Emma Robinson

Very little is known of ER 's life, but she writes of working in her father's bookshop, attending to customers.

A. Mary F. Robinson

AMFR was a co-founder of the Prix Femina (in 1904). During World War I, now approaching sixty, she volunteered as a nurse in France, her adopted country.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Colby, Vineta. Vernon Lee: A Literary Biography. University of Virginia Press, 2003.
293

Radagunda Roberts

RR seems to have been a teacher. Edward W. Pitcher suggests that when she had a serial running in The Lady's Magazine she sometimes allowed her students to contribute, so that individual instalments appear under their given names.
Pitcher, Edward W. “The Miscellaneous Periodical Works and Translations of Miss R. Roberts”. Literary Research Newsletter, Vol.
5
, No. 3, 1 June 1980– 2025, pp. 125-8.
127

E. Arnot Robertson

Reviewing and Broadcasting

Joan Riley

The work JR did as a student, in vacations and as a volunteer, in social welfare and community service, set her feet on the path she followed after her education. She says she has worked with drug users, torture victims, and social outcasts in many guises.
qtd. in
“Contemporary Authors”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Centre-LRC.
She has been in social welfare in London for years: as a researcher for the Drug Advice and Research Office from 1983 to 1985, then for two more years as an action researcher for CALC. In 1989 she became a freelance drug adviser and consultant. She also teaches black history and culture.
qtd. in
“Contemporary Authors”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Centre-LRC.

Samuel Richardson

By the time of his first marriage, SR established the printing and publishing business which made his name, in Salisbury Court, London.
Harris, Jocelyn, and Samuel Richardson. “Chronology”. Sir Charles Grandison, The World’s Classics, Oxford University Press, 1986, p. xliii - xlv.
xliii
Richardson, Samuel. “Introduction”. Correspondence with Aaron Hill and the Hill Family, edited by Christine Gerrard, Cambridge University Press, 2013, p. i - xlix.
xxvi

Elizabeth Richardson

As Lady Asburnham, the future ER frequented the Court. In 1627 she was spending some time with Queen Henrietta Maria , who had arrived in England two years before this. She was said to have been instrumental in procuring a baronetcy for her son-in-law Edward Dering , though he later denied this. At a later date she turned a profit by lending money against land.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under Edward Dering, 1598-1644
Leigh, Dorothy et al. Women’s Writing in Stuart England. Editor Brown, Sylvia, Sutton, 1999.
146

Frances Reynolds

The idea was that Frances (who had already worked as a milliner during her years at Plymouth in Devon) would make herself useful as his housekeeper, a position she filled until 1777 when her niece Mary Palmer was deemed old enough to take over.
Reynolds, Sir Joshua. The Letters of Sir Joshua Reynolds. Editors Ingamells, John and John Edgcumbe, Yale University Press, 2000.
264
Johnson, Samuel. The Letters of Samuel Johnson. Editor Redford, Bruce, The Hyde Edition, Princeton University Press, 1992–1994, 5 vols.
1: 173n21
Wendorf, Richard. Sir Joshua Reynolds. Harvard University Press, 1996.
71

Amber Reeves

AR 's first paid employment (at two pounds a week) was work for the Admiralty , despite her three small children, during the First World War. She had a nanny for the children, a faithful old retainer who, she said, worked for nothing. AR practised stringent economy and ate breakfast at workmen's cafés.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Hannah Mary Rathbone

She was a painter of no little talent, who in about 1835 painted a portrait of her children grouped around the piano.
“Papers of the Family of Richard Rathbone (RP VII)”. University of Liverpool Library, Special Collections and Archives: The Rathbone Papers.

Ann Quin

On leaving school at seventeen, AQ took a position as an assistant stage manager for a theatre company. She made coffee, sewed, scrubbed, and shifted scenery. After six weeks she had a row with the stage manager, was fired, and left in tears.
Quin, Ann. “Leaving School—XI”. London Magazine, Vol.
new series 6
, July 1966, pp. 63-8.
65
Quin, Ann. The Unmapped Country. Stories and Fragments. Editor Hodgson, Jennifer, And Other Stories, 2018.
18
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
231
Thereafter she embarked on a series of secretarial jobs in Brighton and London (for a newspaper, a publishing firm, two solicitors' firms, and the Royal College of Art ), with a brief stint as a hotel worker at Mevagissey in Cornwall. She stayed at the Royal College for three years and there wrote her second and third novels, finally achieving publication with her third.
Quin, Ann. “Introduction”. The Unmapped Country: Stories and Fragments, edited by Jennifer Hodgson, And Other Stories, 2018, pp. 7-12.
7
Quin, Ann. “Leaving School—XI”. London Magazine, Vol.
new series 6
, July 1966, pp. 63-8.
66-8
Quin, Ann. The Unmapped Country. Stories and Fragments. Editor Hodgson, Jennifer, And Other Stories, 2018.
19-20, 23
Kitchen, Paddy. “Catherine Wheel: Recollections of Ann Quin”. London Magazine, Vol.
19
, No. 3, June 1979, pp. 50-57.
53

Sally Purcell

SP lived by an odd combination of freelance, low-paying jobs. In her editor's words, Oxford allowed her to scrape a living on its fringes, not always congenially.
Jay, Peter, and Sally Purcell. “Foreword and Note on the Text”. Collected Poems, edited by Peter Jay and Peter Jay, Anvil Press Poetry, 2002, pp. 19-24.
20
She held indoor and outdoor jobs, in offices and orchards.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
She sometimes worked, no less professionally, for personal friends. She typed theses and books (including books by John Wain ) and worked behind the bar at the King's Arms (a pub much frequented by scholars from the Bodleian Library ). She did bibliographical work for Simon King 's Military Policy Research project (for which, although a deeply non-technological person, she learned word-processing) and proofread for the Voltaire Foundation .
Jay, Peter, and Sally Purcell. “Foreword and Note on the Text”. Collected Poems, edited by Peter Jay and Peter Jay, Anvil Press Poetry, 2002, pp. 19-24.
21
Her great erudition made her a demanding collaborator, apt to spot weaknesses and places needing amendment which someone else might have passed without comment.

Sheenagh Pugh

SP began working at the Welsh Office at Cardiff, where she was still working in 1977.
Archand, Cary, and Sheenagh Pugh. “Introduction”. Crowded by Shadows, C. Davies, 1977, pp. 5-6.
5

Adelaide Procter

AP engaged in a number of philanthropic activities, including visiting the sick, teaching, and working towards sheltering the homeless, including homeless women. As a feminist, she joined in the campaign for improved female education, more sensible dress, better employment, and improved marriage laws.
Maison, Margaret. “Queen Victoria’s Favorite Poet”. The Listener, Vol.
73
, 29 Apr. 1965, pp. 636-7.
636-7

Eleanor Anne Porden

EAP ran her father's household, in which a good deal of entertaining was done.
Porden, Eleanor Anne. John Franklin’s Bride. Editor Gell, Edith M., First, John Murray, 1930.
xii
At twenty-seven she observed that she had been for about half her lifetime almost uncontrolled mistress of a family.
Porden, Eleanor Anne, and Edith M. Gell. “Letters: 1821-1824”. John Franklin’s Bride, John Murray, 1930, p. various pages.
111

Edgar Allan Poe

EAP laboured for years as a journalist and editor. Although he had many publications prior to the 1845 publication of The Raven and Other Poems, it was this work that firmly established his popular literary career. EAP 's work is now widely recognized as foundational to the short story and detective fiction genres. Baudelaire 's translation of his books made him an influence in France for the Symbolists and, later, the Surrealists. Ironically, the literary criticism and reviewing for which he first attracted the attention of American literati is now generally dismissed, including as it does his perversely Aestheticist declaration, in The Philosophy of Composition, that the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.
qtd. in
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
Corey, Melinda, and George Ochoa, editors. The Encyclopedia of the Victorian World. Henry Holt and Company, 1996.
Rooke, Constance, and Leon Rooke, editors. “Editorial Materials”. The Writer’s Path: An Introduction to Short Fiction, ITP Nelson, 1998, p. various pages.
681

Anne Plumptre

Both sisters acted at their father's private theatre in Norwich, on 4 and 6 January 1791, in a production of Amelia's tragedy Adelaide.
Plumptre, Anne. “Introduction”. Something New, edited by Deborah McLeod, Broadview, 1996, p. vii - xxix.
ix-x

Jean Plaidy

After this she went to work as a jeweller's assistant in Hatton Garden, London. She mainly did typing, but she also sometimes weighed gems, or counted their carats. In 1991 she remembered the work as quite interesting. . . . I liked it very much.
qtd. in
Bennett, Catherine. “The Prime of Miss Jean Plaidy”. The Guardian, 4 July 1991, pp. 23-4.
23
Another job was as an interpreter to French and German patrons of a city cafe, where luckily for me, no Germans ever came, and the French who did were very gallant. After she became famous as a romance-writer she answered her huge fan-mail herself, without secretarial help. She described her own passion for writing by the metaphor of drug-addiction, a metaphor which was frequently applied to her readers.
qtd. in
Eleanor Alice Burford Hibbert: "Queen of Romantic Suspense". http://members.tripod.com/jeanplaidy/index.htm.

Hester Lynch Piozzi

Hester Thrale worked hard in support of the girls' charity school which was the particular project of Johnson's friend Anna Williams.
Clifford, James L. Hester Lynch Piozzi (Mrs Thrale). Clarendon Press, 1987.
119

Winsome Pinnock

In her late teens WP planned to become an actor. She abandoned a brief career on stage partly because she found herself being typecast in maternal roles. She sees her work as a writer as involving an effort to effect social change.
Bartholomew, Roy. “A bare shoulder to cry on”. The Independent, 23 Apr. 1996.
She has taught creative writing at Cardiff University , Bath Spa University, and London Metropolitan University, before becoming head of the department of creative writing at Kingston University . She has held visiting positions at Royal Holloway College and Cambridge University . Her close connections with the Royal Court Theatre include sitting on its board and teaching there, as she has taught for the Royal National Theatre , the Clean Break Theatre Company , the Tricycle Theatre , and at Holloway Prison .
“Winsome Pinnock”. The British Blacklist.
“Winsome Pinnock”. Kingston University London.

Laetitia Pilkington

She worked at every possible kind of job on the fringes of the writing trade: acting as Muse, and Secretary
Pilkington, Laetitia. Memoirs of Laetitia Pilkington. Editor Elias, A. C., Jr, University of Georgia Press, 1997, 2 vols.
1: 186
to Lord Galway , as jester or member of the retinue to other eminences, writing letters to order, and running a pamphlet-shop. The shop's wares included prints at bargain prices which were no doubt removed from illustrated books—a trade practice later regarded as vandalism.
Pilkington, Laetitia. Memoirs of Laetitia Pilkington. Editor Elias, A. C., Jr, University of Georgia Press, 1997, 2 vols.
1: 136-41, 209-10

Sarah, Lady Piers

She enjoyed rural sports such as fox-hunting.
Piers, Sarah, Lady. “letters to Catharine Trotter”. British Library Additional MSS 4264: ff. 284-332, 9 June 1697–19 Aug. 1709.
She educated her young sons herself, as Catharine Trotter (later Cockburn) records in a dedication. As the earliest patron of Trotter, she made a significant difference to the history of several literary genres. Piers contributed prefatory verse praise to Trotter's first play, Fatal Friendship, while Trotter's dedication of her Love at a Loss to Piers included praise for her universal Complaisance of Temper,agreeable Wit, and solid Judgement.
qtd. in
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

Elizabeth Stuart Phelps

In 1876 ESP delivered four lectures on George Eliotbefore the College of Boston University , the new, and so far successful co-educational experiment,
qtd. in
Eliot, George. The George Eliot Letters. Editor Haight, Gordon S., Yale University Press, 1954–1978, 9 vols.
6: 318n6
which she described in a December letter to GE: If I ever publish my lectures, which is uncertain, for I'm hardly able to put them in shape for the press, I shall do myself the honor of sending them to you.
qtd. in
Eliot, George. The George Eliot Letters. Editor Haight, Gordon S., Yale University Press, 1954–1978, 9 vols.
6: 318n7
After a bar-room murder in Gloucester, Massachusetts, ESP also lectured on temperance issues. She gave a public reading of her work to benefit the murdered victim's family, and charged fifty cents admission.
Bennett, Mary Angela. Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1939.
67-9
Later, she conducted Sunday services in the bar and gave my sympathy without paltry hesitation to the work done by the women of America for the salvation of men endangered or ruined by the liquor habit.
Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart. Chapters From a Life. Houghton, Mifflin, 1897.
207
She spent the next three summers working for the temperance cause in Gloucester.
Bennett, Mary Angela. Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1939.
69

Petrarch

In Avignon Petrarch entered into minor canonical orders: he was not a parish priest, but he was committed to regularly speaking the daily services. Church benefices, awarded him by patrons, were his major source of income.
Nicholl, Charles. “On the Sixth Day”. London Review of Books, Vol.
41
, No. 3, 7 Feb. 2019, pp. 23-6.
24

Sarah, Lady Pennington

According to her Gentleman's Magazine obituary, SLP behaved in an exemplary manner after her husband rejected her, living in the way that devout widows were supposed to live, noted for her piety, charity, and benevolence.
qtd. in
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.