Anne Bradby (later AR
) put in several years of voluntary work at the Time and Talents Settlement
at Bermondsey, doing little plays and dances and hymns with children from poor homes. She was not sorry to give this up when she got a full-time job. Her first real work after her journalism course was free-lance editorial work for Oxford University Press
(where her uncle Humphrey Milford
was publisher to the university). This involved reading in the British Museum
(later the British Library) to select poems for inclusion in the new Oxford Book of Modern Verse, whose first editor, Lascelles Abercrombie
, had fallen ill. This anthology was later taken on and completed by W. B. Yeats
.
Ridler, Anne. Memoirs. The Perpetua Press, 2004, p. 240 pp.
A year or two later MR
enjoyed teaching her elder daughter to read, according to her own avowedly eccentric methods, and soon after that she was devoting herself to both daughters as their sole attendant and instructor. She gave up most of her own pursuits in order to write books for them.
MacNaughton, Angus. Burns’ Mrs Riddell. A Biography. Volturna Press, 1975.
HHR
's first work experience was teaching, mornings only, at a private school at Toorak, just outside Melbourne, in 1888. This firmly persuaded her against teaching as a career.
Ackland, Michael. Henry Handel Richardson: A Life. Cambridge University Press, 2004.
In New York Rich began to teach: she had a graduate poetry course at Columbia University
and taught with the SEEK literacy program at the City College
(where her husband also taught).
O’Mahoney, John. “Poet and Pioneer: Adrienne Rich”. The Guardian, 15 June 2002, pp. Review 20 - 3.
Stockdale
had help from JP
as an amanuensis while he was working on his memoirs; she also served during the years 1804-5 as his companion and even his nurse. He dedicated the memoirs to her, but the financial reward she expected never materialised.
Besides this visiting of the homes of the originally poor, EJP
enjoyed embroidery and was also a skilled painter of flowers. She took an interest in the artistic productions of her pre-Raphaelite
contemporaries.
Thesing, William B., editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 199. Gale Research, 1999.
199: 242
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
The Countess of Pembroke's patronage was marked by eulogies and dedications (more than thirty) from many writers, including Ben Jonson
, Nicholas Breton
, and Samuel Daniel
. Daniel later told her elder son that she had been his first encourager and her house at Wilton his best Schoole.
qtd. in
Waller, Gary F. Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke: A Critical Study of Her Writings and Literary Milieu. University of Salzburg, 1979, http://BLC.
72
She seems to have entertained writers at most of her husband's houses.
Waller, Gary F. Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke: A Critical Study of Her Writings and Literary Milieu. University of Salzburg, 1979, http://BLC.
16-7, 21
Her brother Philip spent much time in his final decade with her at Wilton and Ivychurch. Her critic Gary Waller
thinks that she and her brother set out to instigate a revival of English aristocratic culture.
Waller, Gary F. Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke: A Critical Study of Her Writings and Literary Milieu. University of Salzburg, 1979, http://BLC.
39
Her biographer Margaret Hannay
, however, thinks that rather than seeking out famous authors to patronise (except Spenser
), she fostered the practice of writing in those around her, including but not exclusively professed poets.
Hannay, Margaret P. Philip’s Phoenix: Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke. Oxford University Press, 1990, http://U of A HSS.
112
The notion of the Countess of Pembroke as a literary hostess and influencer of literary movements has been powerful both for sympathisers (she is another source for Woolf
's Orlando) and for hostile critics.
Her supposed role as the leader of the movement against the popular drama is pure antifeminist myth. There is nothing in the story that she was hostile to Shakespeare
's plays because her own were so different. His company acted at Wilton in 1603.
Hannay, Margaret P. Philip’s Phoenix: Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke. Oxford University Press, 1990, http://U of A HSS.
CP
determined to become a poet from an early age. Edward Moxon
published his first collection, Poems, in 1844. His father's financial ruin led him also to undertake more lucrative work as an essayist and reviewer. He published more than two hundred essays, ranging in topic from literature and philosophy to art and architecture. After his religious conversion, he wrote several essays on Roman Catholic history and theology.
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
35
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Later, like many graduate students, she did some teaching at Oxford
, and like many of her generation participated in the great change when the historically all-male colleges first admitted women. She was elected the first woman Fellow, or senior member, of Wadham
, an appointment which necessitated the college changing its statutes. In 1980 she was appointed to a lectureship in classics at Birkbeck
, the college of London University catering to part-time students. She held this position until 1984, when she resigned in order to write full-time. She has also taught at several other Oxford and at Cambridge
colleges, at Princeton University
and at Buenos Aires University
. Her earlier university jobs were in departments of classics, and since then she has preferred to be a writer in residence rather than an instructor in creative writing.
Crown, Sarah. “A life in poetry: Ruth Padel”. The Guardian, 16 May 2009.
The young Amelia Alderson possessed confidence or enterprise. On 4 and 6 January 1791 she took the lead in her own tragedy, Adelaide, at the private theatre belonging to the Plumptre girls' father. The Plumptre sisters took supporting roles.
Plumptre, Anne. “Introduction”. Something New, edited by Deborah McLeod, Broadview, 1996, p. vii - xxix.
Having been a temporary filing clerk before university, MG
worked from 1972 to 1974 for Elsevier International Press
at their offices in Oxford, then spent six months on the dole, writing. While working at her PhD at Wolverhampton she was also employed as a research assistant. Her first London jobs were as a hotel receptionist and a live-in maid. She was a creative writing fellow at the University of East Anglia
, 1982-3, and became a visiting fellow at the University of Sussex
in 1986. In 1989 she was one of the judges for the Booker Prize
and in 1996 she was Northern Arts
writer in residence at Northumbria University
in Newcastle.
Gee, Maggie. My Animal Life. Telegram Books, 2010.
121, 145, 150, 181
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
207
“Contemporary Authors”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Centre-LRC.
On the Booker Prize panel in 1989 she succeeded (with Helen McNeil
) in keeping Martin Amis
's London Fields off the shortlist. (The eventual vote for Kazuo Ishiguro
's The Remains of the Day was almost unanimous.)
“Tears, tiffs and triumphs”. Guardian Unlimited, 6 Sept. 2008.
SFG
was appointed gouverneur to the sons of the duc and duchesse de Chartres
(three years before her employer, who was also her lover, became duc d'Orléans).
Broglie, Gabriel de. Madame de Genlis. Librairie Académique Perrin, 1985.
112-14
Trousson, Raymond. Romans de femmes du XVIIIe siècle. Robert Laffont, 1996.
EG
's reviewing of German literature for the Times and her other periodical writing were undertaken as pastimes.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2025, 22 vols. plus supplements.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
As an adolescent, Anne Hart (later AHG
) had cared for the black slave labourers on her father's estate as well as for her siblings. Before her marriage she established and ran Female Refuge Societies, Benevolent Institutions, and Sunday Schools, especially for blacks. These charitable activities roused the disapproval of local white society. She may also have been a professional, paid teacher.
Gilbert, John et al. Memoir of J.G. 1835.
1-26
Ferguson, Moira, editor. The Hart Sisters: Early African Caribbean Writers, Evangelicals, and Radicals. University of Nebraska Press, 1993.
WG
's diary, begun on 4 April 1788 and kept until a fortnight before his death, consists largely of names and the barest of facts. Nevertheless it forms a valuable record of the movements of leading individuals of the British radical tendency at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth century. Since 2010 it has been available online through the Bodleian Library
.
Godwin, William. William Godwin’s Diary. 12 Nov. 2010, http://godwindiary.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/search.html.
During this difficult period, 1826-1827, EG
and her sister Mary
were almost the salvation of their family through the money they earned by writing for periodicals.
Grant, Elizabeth. Memoirs of a Highland Lady. Editor Tod, Andrew, Canongate, 1988, 2 vols.
While at Ovingham, she became interested in helping the poor. She began giving lessons to the daughters of respectable but impoverished families in French and other general subjects. She also taught Sunday school classes.
Dorling, William. Memoirs of Dora Greenwell. James Clarke, 1885.
17, 30-1
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.