1187 results Occupation

Ann Fisher

AF opened a school in Newcastle in 1745, when she was still in her mid-twenties: it was regularly advertised from this date until 1750. It taught reading, spelling, and grammar, and evidently did so to young working women, since it operated in the evenings, from 5 to 8 p.m. She published at least two books, one of them her highly popular and influential grammar, some years before her marriage.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Rodriguez-Gil, Maria. “Deconstructing Female Conventions: Ann Fisher (1719-1778)”. Historiographia Linguistica: International Journal for the History of Language Sciences, Vol.
33
, No. 1-2, John Benjamins, 2006, pp. 11-38.
28, 11

Mary Fisher

Before she embarked on the Quaker activism that made her famous, MF worked as a servant to a couple named Tomlinson (Richard and Elizabeth) who lived at Selby in Yorkshire. As a Quaker minister and preacher she was one of two women who first brought the Friends' message to New England, and she was unique in preaching to the ruler of the Islamic Ottoman Empire.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Larson, Rebecca. Daughters of Light. University of North Carolina Press, 2000.
26

Constance Garnett

Following the successful completion of her studies, Constance Black (later CG ) was appointed as a lecturer in classical studies at Newnham College . However, it was only a single-term appointment and she soon began to look for work elsewhere.
Garnett, Richard. Constance Garnett: A Heroic Life. Sinclair-Stevenson, 1991.
35
In 1884 she took a position as a governess, for which she was paid £100 per annum. While she taught the daughters of the family, the sons went to school.
Garnett, Richard. Constance Garnett: A Heroic Life. Sinclair-Stevenson, 1991.
37
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
By September 1887 CG was appointed by Walter Besant as a librarian at the recently-opened People's Palace in East London (the ancestor of the present Queen Mary and Westfield College ).
Garnett, Richard. Constance Garnett: A Heroic Life. Sinclair-Stevenson, 1991.
56-7, 64

Ann Yearsley

The young Ann Cromartie followed in her mother's footsteps as a milkwoman. This occupation, traditional in the area, involving owning a few cows and carrying their milk daily to Bristol for sale. In this trade the labour was not hard, but it was unceasing, and profit would depend on the price of pasture and the (seasonal) yield of the cows.

Amabel Williams-Ellis

Throughout the First World War, both before and after her marriage in 1915, Amabel Strachey (later AWE ) was a Red Cross VAD, first at her family home in Surrey (now converted into a military convalescent hospital) and then at another hospital with an operating theatre. At the latter, she served as a dirty nurse in charge of anything unsterilised in the operating theatre, such as amputated limbs. In her memoir she writes of the impact, both positive and negative, of the war on her own psyche and on her close relationship with her husband.
Williams-Ellis, Amabel. All Stracheys Are Cousins. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1983.
47-9, 55

Ellen Weeton: Biography

Schoolmistress

Evelyn Waugh

The twenty-one-year-old EW became a master at a prep school in the coastal village of Llanddulas in North Wales, Arnold House School .
Stovel, Bruce, and Bruce Stovel. “The Genesis of Evelyn Waughs Comic Vision. Waugh, Captain Grimes, and Decline and FallJane Austen and Company: Collected Essays, edited by Nora Foster Stovel and Nora Foster Stovel, University of Alberta Press, 2011, pp. 181-0.
184
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Rosamund Marriott Watson

The same year as her daughter Daphne's birth, RMW published her first collection of verse; she followed it with several more. She also became a busy reviewer, journalist, and editor.

Michelene Wandor

MW began her involvement in theatre activities as a performer and then moved on to roles as playwright and critic.
Wandor, Michelene. “Women playwrights and the challenge of feminism in the 1970s”. Cambridge Companion to Modern British Women Playwrights, edited by Elaine Aston and Janelle Reinelt, Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. 53-68.
53

Ethel Lilian Voynich

When she was not working in revolutionary circles (a rare situation for her), Ethel Lilian Boole supported herself financially by tutoring an aristocratic family's children, teaching English and focusing on music. She was listed as a music teacher at only sixteen, in the British census of 1881.
Ancestry.co.uk. http://www.ancestry.co.uk.
Kennedy, Gerry. The Booles & The Hintons: Two dynasties that helped shape the modern world. Cork University Press, 2016.
129-130
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Gray, Anne, and Pam Blevins. The World of Women in Classical Music. WordWorld Publications, 2007, pp. 876-7.
877
Garlick, Barbara. Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia. Editor Mitchell, Sally, Garland Publishing, Inc., 1988, p. 837.
837

Alison Uttley

After teacher training at Cambridge, Alice Jane Taylor (later AU ) took up a post as Junior Science Mistress at a London County Council Secondary School in Fulham in suburban London.
Judd, Denis. Alison Uttley. Michael Joseph, 1986.
67

Evelyn Underhill

First World War

Flora Tristan

After moving back from rural France to Paris, FT found a job as a colourist with a lithographer named André Chazal .
Cross, Máire, and Tim Gray. The Feminism of Flora Tristan. Berg, 1992.
7

James Tiptree, Jr

Even before Alice illustrated her mother's book Alice in Jungleland, it was assumed in the family that she would grow up to be an artist. While she was still at school she exhibited African drawings in a Chicago gallery and sold to the New Yorker another drawing of a horse rearing and throwing its rider.
Phillips, Julie. James Tiptree, Jr. St. Martin’s Press, 2006, https://archive.org/details/trent_0116405583547.
63-64
Her biography gives most of a chapter to her serious self-development as an artist, which included several self-portraits in which she shows herself hideously aged.
Phillips, Julie. James Tiptree, Jr. St. Martin’s Press, 2006, https://archive.org/details/trent_0116405583547.
92-97

Flora Thompson

First Job

Elizabeth Taylor

While her career ambitions centred on becoming a writer, she also at her mother's urging found work as governess to a brilliant pupil,
qtd. in
Liddell, Robert, and Francis King. Elizabeth and Ivy. Peter Owen, 1986.
67
Oliver Knox, seven-year-old son of Dillwyn Knox —and nephew, therefore, of the writer Winifred Peck (though it is not clear that ET was aware of this relationship). Then she was asked to teach other children, and ran an impromptu kindergarten at her parents' home.
Beauman, Nicola. The Other Elizabeth Taylor. Persephone Books, 2009.
37, 39-40
Later came a job in the Boots circulating library at High Wycombe. She enjoyed this job, but left it when she got married. More important to her was her involvement in amateur theatricals. She was active on stage with High Wycombe Theatre Club in 1932-4, often playing leading ladies. She returned to acting only a week after her wedding, playing opposite her husband.
Leclercq, Florence. Elizabeth Taylor. Twayne, 1985.
3
Beauman, Nicola. The Other Elizabeth Taylor. Persephone Books, 2009.
52-3, 66

Annie S. Swan

The Women Writers' Dinner was organized each year by a Chairman, who also gave the after-dinner address, and ASS took her turn in this role.
Swan, Annie S. My Life. Ivor Nicholson and Watson, 1934.
72

Julia Strachey

Though she wrote regularly, JS published infrequently and supported herself through a range of other occupations.
Strachey, Julia, and Frances Partridge. Julia: A Portrait of Julia Strachey. Little, Brown, 1983.
11
Following her studies in Commercial Art at the Slade , she drew advertisements for patent foods,
Strachey, Julia, and Frances Partridge. Julia: A Portrait of Julia Strachey. Little, Brown, 1983.
102
posters, and unspecified images for Vogue magazine.
Strachey, Julia, and Frances Partridge. Julia: A Portrait of Julia Strachey. Little, Brown, 1983.
98, 102, 104
By October 1932, she was working as a receptionist for Barbara Ker Seymer , a friend of hers who was a photographer.
Strachey, Julia, and Frances Partridge. Julia: A Portrait of Julia Strachey. Little, Brown, 1983.
120-1
By late 1945, Strachey was reading fiction for London publishers Secker and Warburg .
Strachey, Julia, and Frances Partridge. Julia: A Portrait of Julia Strachey. Little, Brown, 1983.
199, 208

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Work: Teaching

Charlotte Stopes

After completing her education, she taught privately. CS was also her daughter Marie 's primary educator until Marie reached the age of twelve.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Commire, Anne, and Deborah Klezmer, editors. Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Yorkin Publications, 1999–2002, 17 vols.
850

Jane Squire

In London if not earlier JS invested heavily in maritime salvage: expeditions to fish upon wrecks in an attempt to recover sunken valuables.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Dodie Smith

DS secured a few unremarkable acting jobs, many of them on tour, and one of them at the recently launched Everyman Theatre in Hampstead. She was especially pleased to be invited on tour with Lena Ashwell 's Concerts at the Front at the end of the First World War, but Ashwell demoted her to stage manager after a bad performance in Gertrude Jennings 's Between the Soup and the Savoury. Eventually, DS had to accept that she could not earn a living as an actress. She made a brief and unsuccessful attempt to earn money by writing before she interviewed for a position as a shop assistant.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Grove, Valerie. Dear Dodie: The Life of Dodie Smith. Chatto and Windus, 1996.
33, 55
Smith, Dodie. Look Back with Mixed Feelings. W. H. Allen, 1978.
170, 172

Menella Bute Smedley

Menella served as scribe (with her sisters) to her sick father, who died in 1836 at the age of forty-seven, after long suffering during which he heroically kept writing in order to keep earning for the support of his family.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Allibone, S. Austin, editor. A Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American Authors Living and Deceased. Gale Research, 1965.
2123
Smedley, Edward. Poems by the late Edward Smedley. Baldwin and Cradock, 1837.
99

Edith Sitwell

During the first world war war ES , both out of patriotism and because she was poor,
Sitwell, Edith. Taken Care Of: An Autobiography. Hutchinson, 1965.
79
worked for twenty-five shillings a week (plus two shillings war bonus) at the Pensions Office in Chelsea. She resisted her father's importunity to leave and to work instead at a photographer's shop on which he wanted to receive confidential reports.
Sitwell, Edith. Taken Care Of: An Autobiography. Hutchinson, 1965.
79-80