GM
's prolific career as a poet and novelist spanned four decades and established him as a important British literary figure. He published his first collection of poetry, Poems (1851), at his own expense. It received little critical attention. A work of fiction, The Shaving of Shagpat, followed in 1855 with a date of 1856. The Ordeal of Richard Feverel, another novel, appeared in 1859. His semi-autobiographical poem sequence Modern Love was published in 1862. Several further works of fiction followed: Emilia in England, 1864 (later and better known as Sandra Belloni), Rhoda Fleming, 1865, and Beauchamp's Career, 1876, which tackles the Second Reform Bill. He serialized many novels before publishing them in volume form, including his celebrated The Egoist (1879). Later poetry collections included Poems and Lyrics of the Joy of Earth (1883). GM
's 1885 novel Diana of the Crossways (based on Caroline Norton
's life ) was very popular and its independent-minded protagonist much admired by female readers. With his career firmly established, he continued to produce both poetry and fiction during his final decades. Several collected editions of his works appeared before his death.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
“Contemporary Authors”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Centre-LRC.
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
18
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
During and after the First World War, CM
worked for the War Pensions Committee
, visiting pensioners and war widows to help them collect their allowances.
Monro, Alida, and Charlotte Mew. “Charlotte Mew—A Memoir”. Collected Poems of Charlotte Mew, Gerald Duckworth, 1953, p. vii - xx.
xiv
Stanford, Donald E., editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 19. Gale Research, 1983.
311
Fitzgerald, Penelope. Charlotte Mew and Her Friends. Collins, 1984, p. 240 pp.
JM
never acted in a theatre, though she recited at the Royal Pavilion, to a full audience at the Dome, and at many private parties. The parts she played included: Esther in Thomas William Robertson
's Caste, Lady Aubrey Glenmorris in John Palgrave Simpson
's A School for Coquettes, Beatrice in Shakespeare
's Much Ado About Nothing, and Pauline in Edward Bulwer Lytton
's The Lady of Lyons.
Black, Helen C. Notable Women Authors of the Day. D. Bryce, 1893.
Back at Batheaston, ALM set up a literary salon, instituting fortnightly gatherings where poetry contests were held, based on those of Renaissance Italy.
Hesselgrave, Ruth Avaline. Lady Miller and the British Literary Circle. Yale University Press, 1927.
BM
employed a maid, cook, and nanny for help in the house. One of the nannies later recalled that she was not a very good housekeeper. Her difficulty in dealing with people extended to being frightened of her own servants.
Miller, Sarah, and Betty Miller. “Introduction”. On the Side of the Angels, Virago, 1985, p. vii - xviii.
SM
became a medium, motivated partly by a desire to connect with her dead children, and began to receive mystical and political messages from an Anglo-Saxon Spirit supposedly born in London in 1025.
Thurston, John. “‘The Casket of Truth’: The Social Significance of Susanna Moodie’s Spiritual Dilemmas”. Canadian Poetry, Vol.
After an office job working on a revision of the Dewey Decimal Index, MM
spent three years teaching at a US Industrial Indian School
at Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Another paid job was as editor of The Dial, 1924-9, after which she set out to live by her own writing.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
MM
was a portrait-painter and copyist, who left paintings in her family. The only one of her visual works known to survive, heavily retouched, hangs in the Bodleian Library
in Oxford. It was thought to be a portrait of Sir Thomas More
, but in fact it is a copy from Holbein
of a portrait of Thomas Cromwell
. The intermediary for donating it to the Bodleian was Robert Whitehall
. He marked the occasion with a poem about illustrations to the Bible, which was printed as well as circulating in manuscript and which hovers, says Margaret J. M. Ezell
, on the verge of insult: one of two occasions on which MM
crossed swords with Whitehall.
Ezell, Margaret J. M. The Patriarch’s Wife. University of North Carolina Press, 1987.
144, 147-8
Makin, Bathsua et al. Educating English Daughters. Editors Teague, Frances et al., Iter Academic Press; Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2016.
109, 113, 117, 118-19
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Germaine Greer
reproduces this portrait in her book The Obstacle Race.
Greer, Germaine. The Obstacle Race. Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1979.
Life continued after the scandal. In 1791 SWM
and her husband together backed the scheme for establishing Boston's first venue for dramatic performance. When the Federal Street Theatre
opened in the 1790s (seating 1,200 people, built at a cost of $6,000), she owned a one-sixtieth share in it.
Pendleton, Emily, and Milton Ellis. Philenia. University of Maine Press, 1931.
51
Bottorff, William K., and Sarah Wentworth Morton. “Introduction”. My Mind and its Thoughts, Scholars’ Facsimiles and Reprints, 1975, pp. 5-16.
Besides domestic work (such as housekeeping for her brother Thomas), AM
was a pioneer in designing and embroidering church vestments from medieval patterns found in the work of Augustus Pugin
, long before this became one of the recognised feminine occupations of her class. She was assiduous, too, in others of those occupations: Sunday School teaching and visiting the poor.
Wordsworth, John, Bishop of Salisbury, and Anne Mozley. “Memoir”. Essays from "Blackwood", edited by F. Mozley and F. Mozley, William Blackwood and Sons, 1892, p. xii - xx.
xi
John Wordsworth
wrote in his posthumous memoir of her, with a mind continually at work, Anne Mozley's outward life was exclusively a family and social one.
Wordsworth, John, Bishop of Salisbury, and Anne Mozley. “Memoir”. Essays from "Blackwood", edited by F. Mozley and F. Mozley, William Blackwood and Sons, 1892, p. xii - xx.
HM
was busy as a country clergyman's wife. Besides writing and visiting the poor, she coached the church choir and taught in the village school. She educated her daughter Grace herself, took charge too of the education of children who came to stay with her, and had Grace teaching at the school at the age of six. When an epidemic of fever broke out in the village, she organised the moving of sufferers into quarantine, and disinfecting and repainting infected rooms.
Mozley, Dorothea, editor. Newman Family Letters. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1962.
HM
's activities as a member of the London School Board
, as member and office-holder of the National Society for Women's Suffrage
and other organizations, and as a campaigner for better treatment for prostitutes, did not absorb all her energy.
In summer 1973 she taught creative writing at Notre Dame University
in Nelson, BC (two hours a day for a small salary plus $70 travel allowance and a three-room apartment). In the following academic year she taught once a week at York University
, Toronto.
Thacker, Robert. Alice Munro. McClelland and Stewart, 2005.
4-5, 240
She was later artist-in-residence at the University of Western Ontario
in 1974-75 (just as Canadian literature was becoming established as a subject of study), and at the University of British Columbia
in 1980. She is a sought-after public speaker and reader, who did not keep to her intention of retiring from these activities in 1998. One of her topics was her earlier occupation of selling books.
Thacker, Robert. Alice Munro. McClelland and Stewart, 2005.
Nothing more is known of GM
's life beyond her flourishing as a novelist and periodical contributor between the years 1842 and 1853, and her emigration to South Africa.
In IndiaDM
worked as a volunteer from July to November 1963
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
204
in a Tibetan refugee camp in the Himalayan foothills—
Murphy, Dervla. Wheels within Wheels. J. Murray, 1979.
232
rather as she had previously worked in a seedy pub in the East End of London and at Ober Saulheim on the Rhinehoeing vines, scouring churns, harvesting straw, mucking out cow byres, grading eggs and corking wine.
Murphy, Dervla. Wheels within Wheels. J. Murray, 1979.
224
She followed her Himalayan camp work with a brief tour inspecting conditions in other camps. This work was done for an institution connected with the Save the Children
fund, and back in England she was taken up by the parent organization for publicity purposes: a press conference, radio and television interviews, all designed, she felt, to present a spurious heroine image . . . to a gullible public.
Murphy, Dervla. Wheels within Wheels. J. Murray, 1979.
As well as writing biographies of her parents, GM
continued her mother's record of expenditure in her Day Book after her mother's death.
Baillie, Grizel. “Introduction”. The Household Book of Lady Grisell Baillie, 1692-1733, edited by Robert Scott-Moncrieff, Edinburgh University Press; Scottish History Society, 1911, p. ix - lxxx.