Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Lady Jane Cavendish: Autumn 1643

Women writers item
Author event in Lady Jane Cavendish

Autumn 1643

According to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, LJC gave this date to the apparently earliest-written poem in her (and her sister Lady Elizabeth Brackley 's) manuscript collections which were transcribed by her father

Margaret Cavendish: Autumn 1643

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Cavendish

Autumn 1643

To her family's anxiety, the excruciatingly shy Margaret Lucas (later Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle) insisted out of patriotic idealism on becoming Maid of Honour to Queen Mary (Henrietta Maria ), who was then...

Brilliana, Lady Harley: After 9 October 1643

Women writers item
Author event in Brilliana, Lady Harley

After 9 October 1643

Brilliana, Lady Harley , died of her very greate coold (which was probably pneumonia) only days after the end of the siege that made her famous.
Harley, Brilliana, Lady. Letters of the Lady Brilliana Harley. Editor Lewis, Thomas Taylor, Camden Society, 1854.
209
George, Margaret. Women in the First Capitalist Society. University of Illinois Press, 1988.
193
Eales, Jacqueline. Puritans and Roundheads. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
3

Brilliana, Lady Harley: 9 October 1643

Women writers item
Author event in Brilliana, Lady Harley

9 October 1643

Brilliana, Lady Harley , wrote her last surviving letter to her son only a few days before she died. She mentioned her bad cold, and hoped that God would restore her health, for it is...

Lady Eleanor Douglas: 25 November 1643

Women writers item
Author event in Lady Eleanor Douglas

25 November 1643

LED published The Star to the Wise, which takes the form of a petition to the House of Commons .
Douglas, Lady Eleanor. Prophetic Writings of Lady Eleanor Davies. Editor Cope, Esther S., Oxford University Press, 1995.
101ff

Lady Anne Clifford: 11 December 1643

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Author event in Lady Anne Clifford

11 December 1643

Two years after the death of LAC 's uncle , his son died too. The male line had failed; the family estates finally came into Clifford's hands.
Spence, Richard T. Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery. Sutton Publishing, 1997.
103, 105
Oliphant, Margaret. The Days of My Life. An Autobiography. Hurst and Blackett, 1857, 3 vols.
13

Anna Hume: : 11 December 1643

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Hume:

11 December 1643

AH wrote to Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus , about choice of dedicatee for The History of the Houses of Douglas and Angus by her father, David Hume of Godscroft, which she had edited...

About 24 December 1643: In a Civil War atrocity whose causes are...

National or international item

About 24 December 1643

In a Civil War atrocity whose causes are not clear, about twenty villagers of Barthomley in Cheshire were brutally killed after royalist troops set fire to the church where they were hiding.
Purkiss, Diane. The English Civil War, A People’s History. Harper Perennial, 2007.
288-9

Rachel Speght: Christmas 1643

Women writers item
Author event in Rachel Speght

Christmas 1643

A drunken soldier from the parliamentary army got into a quarrel with RS 's husband, William Procter , and threatened him with the law.
Speight, Helen. “Rachel Speght’s Polemical Life”. Huntington Library Quarterly, Vol.
65
, No. 3/4, 2002, pp. 449-63.
457

Anne Bradstreet: After 27 December 1643

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Bradstreet

After 27 December 1643

AB wrote an epitaph on her mother , who died that day, aged sixty-one.
Bradstreet, Anne, and Adrienne Rich. The Works of Anne Bradstreet. Editor Hensley, Jeannine, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1967.
204

Anne Bradstreet: Probably by 1644

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Author event in Anne Bradstreet

Probably by 1644

After moving on from Charlestown, Massachusetts, then (about 1635) Agawam (or Ipswich),AB settled with her family in Quichichuick (or Andover) , then a frontier settlement.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Bradstreet, Anne. “The Introduction”. The Complete Works of Anne Bradstreet, edited by Joseph R., Jr McElrath and Allan P. Robb, Twayne, 1981, p. xi - xlii.
xvi-xvii
Greer, Germaine et al., editors. Kissing the Rod. Virago, 1988.
120, 137n4

Jane Lead: 1644

Women writers item
Author event in Jane Lead

1644

At her parents' behest, twenty-year-old Jane Ward married William Lead ; her marriage interrupted her religious quest.
Sperle, Joanne Magnani. God’s Healing Angel: A Biography of Jane Lead. Kent State University, 1985.
69

1644: The French philosopher René Descartes published...

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1644

The French philosopher René Descartes published his Principia philosophiae, dedicated to Elizabeth of Bohemia .
Franck, Irene, and David Brownstone. Women’s World: A Timeline of Women in History. HarperCollins; HarperPerennial, 1995.
63

1644: The English Parliament suppressed the Anglican...

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1644

The English Parliament suppressed the AnglicanBook of Common Prayer.
Haydn, Joseph. Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information. Editor Vincent, Benjamin, 23rd ed., Ward, Lock, 1904.
274, 304, 366

By about 1644: When the Qing dynasty began it seems that...

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By about 1644

When the Qing dynasty began it seems that the practice of footbinding for women was already near-universal in China.
Mitter, Rana. “Untwisting the Pastry”. London Review of Books, 11 May 2006, pp. 27-9.
27-9

Sarah, Lady Cowper: 14 February 1644

Women writers item
Author event in Sarah, Lady Cowper

14 February 1644

Sarah Holled (later SLC ) was born in Eastcheap (a street in the City of London), her parents' only child.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Elizabeth Bury: About 2 March 1644

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Bury

About 2 March 1644

Elizabeth Lawrence (later EB ) was born at Clare in Suffolk, the second of four children, of whom the only boy died young.
Bury, Elizabeth. An Account of the Life and Death of Mrs Elizabeth Bury. Editor Bury, Samuel, Printed by and for J. Penn and sold by J. Sprint, 1720.
1, 2-3

12 March to 25 May 1644: In her husband's absence the royalist Countess...

National or international item

12 March to 25 May 1644

In her husband 's absence the royalist Countess of Derby , born a Huguenot Frenchwoman, successfully stood a siege at Lathom House in Lancashire (a towered and moated building).
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Rachel Speght: April 1644

Women writers item
Author event in Rachel Speght

April 1644

William Procter , husband of the former poet RS , was one of dozens of clergymen indicted in Suffolk on a charge of scandalous behaviour: that is, political and theological opinions offensive to some of his parishioners.
Speight, Helen. “Rachel Speght’s Polemical Life”. Huntington Library Quarterly, Vol.
65
, No. 3/4, 2002, pp. 449-63.
457

April 1644: The British Parliament passed an act against...

National or international item

April 1644

The British Parliament passed an act against a heathenish vanity, generally abused to superstition and wickedness—the erections of maypoles for spring dancing and revelry.
Rogers, Pat. “The Maypole in the Strand”. Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies, Vol.
28
, No. 1, 1 Mar.–31 May 2005, pp. 83-95.
84-5

Anna Hume: : By 11 April 1644

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Hume:

By 11 April 1644

Evan Tyler , the King's Printer at Edinburgh, issued, with her name, AH 's The Triumphs of Love: Chastitie: Death: Translated out of Petrarch.
The date comes from George Thomason 's annotation. Since...

15 April 1644: The Globe Theatre in London, once the home...

Building item

15 April 1644

The Globe Theatre in London, once the home of Shakespeare 's company, was demolished as part of the ongoing parliamentarian campaign against the theatres.
Purkiss, Diane. The English Civil War, A People’s History. Harper Perennial, 2007.
300-1

Ann, Lady Fanshawe: 18 May 1644

Women writers item
Author event in Ann, Lady Fanshawe

18 May 1644

At Wolvercote just north of Oxford, Ann Harrison married Sir Richard Fanshawe , poet, translator, and royalist diplomat, first cousin of her mother and about twice her age.
Fanshawe, Ann, Lady et al. “The Memoirs of Ann, Lady Fanshawe”. The Memoirs of Anne, Lady Halkett, and Ann, Lady Fanshawe, edited by John Loftis and John Loftis, Clarendon Press, 1979, pp. 101-92.
111
Halkett, Anne, and Ann, Lady Fanshawe. “Note on the Text; A Chronology of Sir Richard Fanshawe and Ann, Lady Fanshawe”. The Memoirs of Anne, Lady Halkett and Ann, Lady Fanshawe, edited by John Loftis, Clarendon Press, 1979, pp. 91-9.
96

Frances, Lady Norton: 22 May 1644

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Author event in Frances, Lady Norton

22 May 1644

Frances Freke, later FLN , was born at Oxford, the third of five daughters to survive their infancy out of a family of ten children.
Freke, Elizabeth. “Introduction”. The Remembrances of Elizabeth Freke, 1671-1714, edited by Raymond A. Anselment, Cambridge University Press for the Royal Historical Society, 2001, pp. 1-36.
5

2 June 1644: The Battle of Marston Moor near York was...

National or international item

2 June 1644

The Battle of Marston Moor near York was fought: a singularly bloody affair, and the largest battle of the English Civil War.
Marriott, Sir John A. R. Oxford, Its Place in National History. Clarendon, 1933.
123
Morrill, John. “The Stuarts (1603-1688)”. Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, edited by Kenneth O. Morgan, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 286-51.
317
Purkiss, Diane. The English Civil War, A People’s History. Harper Perennial, 2007.
336