1187 results Occupation

Isabella Beeton

IB began writing shortly before giving birth to her first child, and continued her work throughout her subsequent pregnancies and her children's infancies. Though she eventually became an editor for the Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine and Queen, she was never paid for her work.
Freeman, Sarah. Isabella and Sam: The Story of Mrs Beeton. Coward, McCann and Geoghegan, 1977.
133-4

Annie Besant

After a stint as a governess, AB decided she could afford the rental of a house in Colby Road, Upper Norwood, for herself, Mabel , and a maid.
Taylor, Anne, 1932 -. Annie Besant: A Biography. Oxford University Press, 1992.
64-5, 68

Elizabeth Bishop

Throughout her life, EB 's employment at anything other than writing was never more than sporadic. On graduation in 1934 she taught briefly at the USA School of Writing (an exploitative institution about which she later wrote a satirical essay, and where she used the pseudonym of Mr. Margolies).
Deane, Nichola. “’Everything a Poet Should Be’: Elizabeth Bishop in Her Letters”. Elizabeth Bishop: Poet of the Periphery, edited by Linda Anderson and Jo Shapcott, Bloodaxe Books, 2002, pp. 143-58.
151
In 1943 she took a job grinding optical lenses, but this lasted only five days before illness made her resign. In September 1949 she was appointed for a year as Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in Washington, DC—a job and a place which made her unhappy. Her period there coincided with a drive to purge federal offices of homosexuals, who were considered a security threat. Suspected gay men and (fewer) lesbians were being fired at twice the rate of Communists and fellow-travellers. Bishop was carefully closeted and lonely.
Astley, Neil. “Elizabeth Bishop: A Bibliography; Elizabeth Bishop: Chronology”. Elizabeth Bishop: Poet of the Periphery, edited by Linda Anderson and Jo Shapcott, Bloodaxe Books, 2002, pp. 175-00.
195, 196
Anderson, Linda. “The Story of the Eye: Elizabeth Bishop and the Limits of the Visual”. Elizabeth Bishop: Poet of the Periphery, edited by Linda Anderson and Jo Shapcott, Bloodaxe Books, 2002, pp. 159-74.
159
Marshall, Megan. Elizabeth Bishop. A Miracle for Breakfast. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017.
85-6

Clementina Black

CB assumed a teaching position at a boarding school to aid her family's financial situation.
Glage, Liselotte. Clementina Black: A Study in Social History and Literature. Carl Winter, 1981.
17
Bloom, Abigail Burnham, editor. Nineteenth-Century British Women Writers. Greenwood Press, 2000.
35
Banks, Olive. The Biographical Dictionary of British Feminists. New York University Press, 1985–2025, 2 vols.
20

Enid Blyton

EB began her first job, teaching six- to eight-year-old boys at Bickley Park School ; she stayed there just one calendar year, and left with an excellent reference.
Stoney, Barbara. Enid Blyton. Hodder and Stoughton, 1974.
37-9

Eavan Boland

After graduating from the convent, she worked at the Gresham Hotel in Dublin as a housekeeper.
Sherry, Vincent B., editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 40. Gale Research, 1985.
36

Lucy Boston

Lucy Wood (later LB ) left Oxford University to serve as a Voluntary Aid Detachment nurse, first at St Thomas's Hospital , London, then at Addenbrookes Hospital , Cambridge, and then a military hospital near Le Havre in France.
Boston, Lucy et al. Memories. Colt Books with Diana Boston Hemingford Gray, 1992.
123-4
Todd, Janet, editor. Dictionary of British Women Writers. Routledge, 1989.

Phyllis Bottome

Eager to participate in the war effort despite her poor health, PB worked as a relief worker with three thousand Belgian refugees at Hammersmith Town Hall.
Bottome, Phyllis. The Challenge. Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1953.
395
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
197

Charlotte Mary Brame

After she finished her education in France, CMB returned to England and found work as a governess. At first, she worked at schools in Dover and Brighton. Later she worked in a private home for a family in Leicestershire. It was at this time that she began contributing short stories to The Lamp, a Catholic penny magazine. A parcel of books
Drozdz, Gregory. Charlotte Mary Brame. Gregory Drozdz, 1984.
5
was her only payment for this early literary work.
Drozdz, Gregory. Charlotte Mary Brame. Gregory Drozdz, 1984.
5
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Anna Brassey

As well, ABundertook the exclusive management at home, especially after her husband became increasingly busy in his political duties.
Brassey, Thomas, first Earl, and Anna Brassey. “Memoir”. The Last Voyage, Longmans, Green, 1889, p. xiii - xxiv.
xvi

Anna Eliza Bray

Anna Eliza Kempe (later AEB ) was advertised as making her acting debut in the role of Belvidera (in Thomas Otway 's Venice Preserv'd) at the BathTheatre .
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2025, 22 vols. plus supplements.
Bray, Anna Eliza. Autobiography of Anna Eliza Bray. Editor Kempe, John A., Chapman and Hall, 1884.
125-6

Dorothy Brett

After graduating from the Slade School of Art, DB became a professional artist. Her most famous early exhibition piece was War Widows, painted in 1916, in which a crowd of black-clad pregnant women take part in a sewing bee. The New English Art Club , which worshipped French Impressionism and took an anti-academic approach to the canon of art, was a fitting place to show this picture. Brett's next ambitious work, Umbrellas, presents a fair bit more colour and far more recognizable characters similarly assembled under the eponymous umbrellas. The central figure of Lady Ottoline Morrell sits flanked by Julian Morrell , Aldous Huxley , Lytton Strachey , and DB herself, whilst Katherine Mansfield and John Middleton Murry huddle together in the background. The celebrity factor notwithstanding, Umbrellas failed to qualify for that year's NEAC exhibition, but was accepted into the London Group 's spring exhibition of 1918. The London Group rejected Brett's portrait of Lady Ottoline Morrell a few years later, but in 1921-2 she exhibited at the Grosvenor Gallery .
Hignett, Sean. Brett. Franklin Watts, 1985.
79-81
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Elinor, Gillian. “Dorothy Brett’s Painting: From Bloomsbury to Taos”. Woman’s Art Journal, Vol.
12
, No. 2, Woman’s Art Inc., 1991, pp. 9-14.
11
The Sunday Times art critic, Frank Rutter , praised Umbrellas as radiant and joyous in its application of colour, with a touch of futurism bolstering its stylistic relevance.
Rutter, Frank. “The Galleries: The Friday Club”. The Sunday Times, No. 4958, 14 Apr. 1918, p. 4.
Rutter was in good company in his appreciation of Brett's ebullient colour technique: Katherine Mansfield apparently believed colour to be what Brett's art depended upon.
Hignett, Sean. Brett. Franklin Watts, 1985.
122

Vera Brittain

VB left Somerville College at the end of her first academic year to work as a VAD .
Berry, Paul, and Mark Bostridge. Vera Brittain: A Life. Chatto and Windus, 1995.
81

Anne Brontë

AB left home for a short period as a governess at Blake Hall, near Mirfield.
Chitham, Edward. A Life of Anne Brontë. B. Blackwell, 1991.
61
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press, 1994.
307

Christine Brooke-Rose

During the Second World War CBR joined the WAAF and was posted to the intelligence operation at Bletchley Park, Bletchley, Buckinghamshire, as an Information Officer to decoding intercepted enemy messages.
“Contemporary Authors”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Centre-LRC.
Birch, Sarah. Christine Brooke-Rose and Contemporary Fiction. Clarendon Press, 1994.
228

Frances Burney

Before becoming an author herself, FB worked as amanuensis or copyist to her father , regularly transcribing his work to go to the printer.
Hemlow, Joyce. The History of Fanny Burney. Clarendon, 1958.
47-8

Richard Francis Burton

In 1842 he joined the Indian army, with which he served in England and later in India. In 1855 he served in the Crimean War.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
Corey, Melinda, and George Ochoa, editors. The Encyclopedia of the Victorian World. Henry Holt and Company, 1996.
The Concise Dictionary of National Biography: From Earliest Times to 1985. Oxford University Press, 1992, 3 vols.

Elizabeth Bury

EB was known for her particular skill with children: making friends with them, interesting them in reading their Bibles, and influencing them for good.
Bury, Elizabeth. An Account of the Life and Death of Mrs Elizabeth Bury. Editor Bury, Samuel, Printed by and for J. Penn and sold by J. Sprint, 1720.
9

Mary Butts

Wartime Employment

Catherine Byron

While her children were little CB practised self-sufficiency farming at a farm called Avonbank, near Strathaven, in the west of Scotland.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Byron, Catherine. “The Most Difficult Door”. Women’s Lives into Print, edited by Pauline Polkey, Macmillan, 1999, pp. 185-96.
189

Mildred Cable

MC 's plans for missionary work in China were shelved after the Boxer Rebellion began there, and many foreign missionaries were murdered.
Cable, Mildred. The Fulfilment of a Dream. Morgan and Scott, 1917.
28-9

Maria Callcott

Her first months after leaving school were spent as a teaching assistant in Bideford, where Barbara Seton , a cousin of Mary and Agnes Berry, had opened a school.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Ada Cambridge

AC began her career as a writer while living at Ely.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Bradstock, Margaret, and Louise Wakeling. Rattling the Orthodoxies: A Life of Ada Cambridge. Penguin, 1991.
18
Between 1865 and 1869 she published three religious novellas, two collections of hymns, and probably her first book of poetry.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Beilby, Raymond, and Cecil Hadgraft. Ada Cambridge, Tasma and Rosa Praed. Oxford University Press, 1979.
3-4
Bradstock, Margaret. “Echoes of Ada Cambridge”. Southerly, Vol.
65
, No. 3, 1 Sept.–30 Nov. 2005, pp. 170-81.
65 (3) 2005: 170

Dorothea Primrose Campbell

DPC had become a teacher.
Archives of the Royal Literary Fund, 1790-1918.

Thomas Carlyle

In 1814, TC left the University of Edinburgh and started teaching, taking up a position at Annan Academy . He returned to Edinburgh in 1819 to pursue his literary aspirations. While there, he also worked as a tutor and reviewer. In 1824 and 1827 he published translations of Goethe . He also published in several periodicals.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
Corey, Melinda, and George Ochoa, editors. The Encyclopedia of the Victorian World. Henry Holt and Company, 1996.
The Concise Dictionary of National Biography: From Earliest Times to 1985. Oxford University Press, 1992, 3 vols.