Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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From 9 September 1647: The Putney Debates began with weekly meetings...

Building item

From 9 September 1647

The Putney Debates began with weekly meetings of the General Council of the New Model Army in Putney church.
Morrill, John. “The Stuarts (1603-1688)”. Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, edited by Kenneth O. Morgan, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 286-51.
323
Worden, Blair. “Cromwellian England 1649-1660”. Stuart England, edited by Blair Worden, Phaidon, 1986, pp. 123-47.
110-11
Purkiss, Diane. The English Civil War, A People’s History. Harper Perennial, 2007.
487

Anne-Thérèse de Lambert: 25 September 1647

Writing climate item

25 September 1647

Marie-Anne-Thérèse de Marguenat de Courcelles (later ATL ) was born in Paris, an only daughter and apparently an only child.
Spencer, Samia I., editor. Writers of the French Enlightenment I. Gale, 2005.
289
Hayley, Eliza, and Anne-Thérèse de Lambert. “Introductory Letter to William Melmoth, Esq”. Essays on Friendship and Old-Age, Dodsley, 1780, pp. 5-34.
7-8

October 1647: Followers of John Lilburne, who had proclaimed...

National or international item

October 1647

Followers of John Lilburne , who had proclaimed the sovereignty of the people, as opposed to that of the monarch, were for the first time nicknamed Levellers.
Frank, Joseph. The Levellers: A History of the Writings of Three Seventeenth-Century Social Democrats, John Lilburne, Richard Overton, William Walwyn. Harvard University Press, 1955.
81
Moore, Roderick. The Levellers: A Chronology and Bibliography, 1994. http://www.diggers.org/diggers/levellers.htm.
Gillespie, Katharine. “A Hammer in Her Hand: The Separation of Church from State and the Early Feminist Writings of Katherine Chidley”. Tulsa Studies in Women’s Literature, Vol.
17
, No. 2, 1998, pp. 213-33.
223-4

Elizabeth Avery: November 1647

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Avery

November 1647

Elizabeth Avery , a religious seeker and questioner, published her highly controversial Scripture-Prophecies Opened, cast in the form of three letters.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

15 November 1647: After the Putney Debates the Levellers planned...

Writing climate item

15 November 1647

After the Putney Debates the Levellers planned another meeting with the New Model Army at Ware in Hertfordshire. Cromwell , however, intervened.
Purkiss, Diane. The English Civil War, A People’s History. Harper Perennial, 2007.
498-9

Mary Cary: 1648

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Cary

1648

MC published her first known tract, entitled The Resurrection of the Witnesses, and claimed with her initial, M. Cary, a Minister or Servant of Jesus Christ, and of all his Saints.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

Lady Jane Cavendish: Probably 1648

Women writers item
Author event in Lady Jane Cavendish

Probably 1648

While his master was away in exile abroad, the Marquess of Newcastle 's secretary, John Rolleston , made at least two presentation copies for him of a collection of poetry by LJC (and her sister...

Elizabeth Isham: 1648

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Isham

1648

This was the last year for which EI recorded the events of her life in the manuscript headline diary which traces her doings since her infancy.
Isham, Elizabeth. “Diary”. Constructing Elizabeth Isham, 5 Apr. 2011.
1648

1648: Robert Herrick published his collection of...

Writing climate item

1648

Robert Herrick published his collection of poems, Hesperides.
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.

Anne Halkett: Late 1647 or early 1648

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Halkett

Late 1647 or early 1648

Anne Murray (later AH ) became involved in monarchist plotting, with the spy and double agent Colonel Joseph Bampfield . This led to her engineering the escape from England of the future James II ...

Mary Carey: 11 February 1648

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Carey

11 February 1648

MC wrote the earliest surviving piece in her volume, a long prose Dialogue betwixt the Soule, and the Body, on the occasion of her third son's death.
She dates this, according to Old Style...

March 1648: This month saw the outbreak of the conflict...

National or international item

March 1648

This month saw the outbreak of the conflict variously known as the Second Civil War or the War Between the Three Kingdoms, which ended only with the death of the king .
Purkiss, Diane. The English Civil War, A People’s History. Harper Perennial, 2007.
533

Marie de Sévigné: 15 March 1648

Writing climate item
Author event in Marie de Sévigné

15 March 1648

MS wrote the first of her extant letters: to her most famous cousin, the writer of romans à clef who is generally known as Bussy-Rabutin .
Some editions place this letter in 1647, as a...

Anne Halkett: 20 April 1648

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Halkett

20 April 1648

Anne Murray (later AH ) crossed the threshold of national history when she smuggled the young Duke of York (the future James II ), disguised in women's clothes, out of St James's Palace on the...

Elizabeth (Cavendish) Egerton, Countess of Bridgewater: 1 June 1648

Women writers item

1 June 1648

This date, which heads the future Countess of Bridgewater 's collection of private prayers and meditations (now Egerton MS 607 in the British Library ), may or may not mark the earliest of its contents.
Travitsky, Betty, and Elizabeth (Cavendish) Egerton, Countess of Bridgewater. “Subordination and Authorship: Elizabeth Cavendish Egerton”. Subordination and Authorship: the case of Elizabeth Cavendish Egerton and her &quot:loose papers", Tempe, Ariz., 1999, pp. 1-172.
159

June 1648: Royalists commanded by Sir Charles Lucas...

National or international item

June 1648

Royalists commanded by Sir Charles Lucas were besieged in Colchester by parliamentarian forces under Sir Thomas Fairfax .
Purkiss, Diane. The English Civil War, A People’s History. Harper Perennial, 2007.
535-6, 541-2
Sir Thomas Fairfax had recently acquired the title of third Lord Fairfax of Cameron .

Katherine Philips: August 1648

Women writers item
Author event in Katherine Philips

August 1648

Katherine Fowler became KP when she was married, aged sixteen, at St Gabriel Fenchurch in London, to Colonel James Philips of Tregibby just outside Cardigan (who was not, as used to be believed, past...

Margaret Cavendish: About September 1648

Building item
Author event in Margaret Cavendish

About September 1648

Margaret Cavendish , at this time Marchioness of Newcastle (in exile in Rotterdam), heard of the execution of her brother Charles , and of the desecration of the graves of her mother and eldest sister.
Jones, Kathleen. A Glorious Fame: The Life of Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, 1623-1673. Bloomsbury, 1988.
68, 70

Lucy Hutchinson: After 11 September 1648

Women writers item
Author event in Lucy Hutchinson

After 11 September 1648

LH may be the author of A Petition of Women, Affecters and Approvers of the Petition of Sept. 11, 1648.
Historian A. S. P. Woodhouse , however, believed that this second petition of the...

11 September 1648: In a petition to Parliament, a group of Englishwomen...

Women writers item

11 September 1648

In a petition to Parliament , a group of Englishwomen claimed a proportionable share in the Freedoms of this commonwealth with men.
Purkiss, Diane. The English Civil War, A People’s History. Harper Perennial, 2007.
507

24 October 1648: The Treaty of Westphalia brought to an end...

National or international item

24 October 1648

The Treaty of Westphalia brought to an end the Thirty Years' War, a religious conflict that had devastated Germany and eastern Europe since May 1618.
“Treaty of Westphalia; October 24, 1648”. The Avalon Project at Yale Law School, 14 Apr. 2004.

28 November 1648: Puritan, anti-episcopal activists William...

National or international item

28 November 1648

Puritan, anti-episcopal activists William Prynne and Henry Burton were received in London with a heroes' welcome on their release from prison for sedition.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under William Prynne

Margaret Cavendish: About December 1648

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Cavendish

About December 1648

After months in Rotterdam hoping vainly for an invasion of England, Margaret Cavendish (then Marchioness of Newcastle) and her husband settled in the Rubenshuis in Antwerp, previously the house of Rubens the painter.
Jones, Kathleen. A Glorious Fame: The Life of Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, 1623-1673. Bloomsbury, 1988.
70-2

Elizabeth Delaval: Probably late 1648

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Delaval

Probably late 1648

Elizabeth Livingston (later Delaval) , the only child of her parents, was born probably in England before they fled for political reasons to the Hague.
Ezell, Margaret J. M. “Elizabeth Delaval’s Spiritual Heroine: Thoughts on Redefining Manuscript Texts by Early Women Writers”. English Manuscript Studies 1100-1700, edited by Peter Beal and Jeremy Griffiths, Vol.
3
, British Library; University of Toronto Press, 1992, pp. 216-37.
219
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Elizabeth Delaval: Early 1649

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Delaval

Early 1649

Sir James and Lady Livingston , royalist parents of the baby Elizabeth Livingston (later Delaval) , left her father's estate at Bagshot in Surrey and fled from England to establish themselves at The Hague.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.