Oliver Cromwell

Standard Name: Cromwell, Oliver
Used Form: Lord Protector

Connections

Connections Author name Excerpt
Cultural formation Kate O'Brien
Though KOB 's surname was an ancient name of a royal house in Ireland, she was born into an often-forgotten segment of nineteenth-century society: the Irish Catholic middle class. She calls her Irishness my accidental...
Dedications Mary Cary
She named three dedicatees of this volume, all eminent anti-monarchical women: Elizabeth Cromwell (wife of Oliver ), Bridget Ireton (Elizabeth's daughter, and wife of Henry Ireton ), and Margaret Rolle (wife of Henry Rolle )...
Family and Intimate relationships Elizabeth Major
There were two fairly prominent contemporary Major families. One, living in Hampshire, included Dorothy Major, who married a son of Oliver Cromwell . The other lived in Blackfriars Road, London.
Greer, Germaine et al., editors. Kissing the Rod. Virago, 1988.
183
Family and Intimate relationships Damaris Masham
Her mother, born Damaris Cradock, was a widow with several children from her first marriage (three sons and a daughter—who was also, confusingly, called Damaris) when she married DM 's father. From her second marriage...
Family and Intimate relationships Jane Williams
JW 's ancestor Henry Williams of Ysgafell in Montgomeryshire was a Baptist preacher and a member of the Welsh puritan Vavasor Powell 's Independent Church. In 1655 he signed Powell's Word for God, a...
Family and Intimate relationships Elizabeth Cooper
Her mother, born Bridget Claypoole or Claypole , was the only child of two second marriages: her father had formerly been married to one of Oliver Cromwell 's daughters.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under John Claypole
Literary responses Emma Robinson
The Athenæum's reviewer, Henry Fothergill Chorley , wrote that after Mary Russell Mitford 's characterization of Cromwell in her Charles the First, we know not who has conceived of the great General better...
Literary responses Elizabeth Major
Joseph Caryl , the Cromwell government's official censor and perhaps EM 's minister, added a commendatory note to his licence to signify his approval of her views. Among her few modern critics, Patricia Demers has...
Literary responses Anna Trapnel
Before the printing of AT 's vain prophecies
qtd. in
Trapnel, Anna. “Introduction”. The Cry of a Stone, edited by Hilary Hinds, Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2000, p. xiii - xlvii.
xviii
(as he saw them), Marchamont Needham wrote to Cromwell , saying they were desperate against your person, family, children, friends and the government,
qtd. in
Trapnel, Anna. “Introduction”. The Cry of a Stone, edited by Hilary Hinds, Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2000, p. xiii - xlvii.
xvii
and mentioning...
Literary Setting Caryl Churchill
The play takes place in the period immediately following Charles I 's defeat by Cromwell , when for a short time . . . anything seemed possible.
Churchill, Caryl. Light Shining in Buckinghamshire. Pluto Press, 1978.
prelims
Critics have recognised Churchill's debt to Christopher Hill
Occupation Anne Halkett
At Kinross, Anne Murray (later AH ) spent two days practising medicine.
Halkett, Anne, and Ann, Lady Fanshawe. “Note on the Text; A Chronology of Anne, Lady Halkett”. The Memoirs of Anne, Lady Halkett and Ann, Lady Fanshawe, edited by John Loftis, Clarendon Press, 1979, pp. 3-7.
6
She tended wounded soldiers after the battle of Dunbar (a victory by Cromwell over the royalist side), dealing with wounds that...
politics John Dryden
This was work in keeping with his family's political position. Attending Westminster School only a stone's throw from a whole succession of exciting and disturbing national events must surely have awakened Dryden's historical and political...
politics Margaret Fell
In organising the Fund she was interested in promoting social cohesion among Quakers as well as relieving hardship.
Kunze, Bonnelyn Young. Margaret Fell and the Rise of Quakerism. Macmillan, 1994.
87
George Fox continued to frequent Swarthmoor, and at the time of the Restoration (May 1660) was...
politics Hester Biddle
George Fox later reported meeting HB in the Strand in London in about 1657, at a time when Cromwell was persecuting Quakers . She told him of her plan to seek out the future Charles II
politics Lucy Hutchinson
LH said he behaved magnanimously to such people. He signed Charles I 's death warrant, but opposed Cromwell 's gradual assumption of quasi-royal powers. He was glad to return to private life.

Timeline

23 October 1641: Many Protestants (but perhaps not so many...

National or international item

23 October 1641

Many Protestants (but perhaps not so many as reported) were killed in a Rebellion or massacre in Ulster.
Cope, Esther S. Handmaid of the Holy Spirit: Dame Eleanor Davies, Never Soe Mad a Ladie. University of Michigan Press, 1992.
99, 107
Morrill, John. “The Stuarts (1603-1688)”. Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, edited by Kenneth O. Morgan, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 286-51.
314
Purkiss, Diane. The English Civil War, A People’s History. Harper Perennial, 2007.
109, 114

2 June 1644: The Battle of Marston Moor near York was...

National or international item

2 June 1644

The Battle of Marston Moor near York was fought: a singularly bloody affair, and the largest battle of the English Civil War.
Marriott, Sir John A. R. Oxford, Its Place in National History. Clarendon, 1933.
123
Morrill, John. “The Stuarts (1603-1688)”. Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, edited by Kenneth O. Morgan, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 286-51.
317
Purkiss, Diane. The English Civil War, A People’s History. Harper Perennial, 2007.
336

April 1645: Cromwell formed his New Model Army, the first...

National or international item

April 1645

Cromwell formed his New Model Army , the first approximation to a modern, disciplined, professional fighting body.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2025, 22 vols. plus supplements.

14 June 1645: Cromwell's New Model Army scored its first...

National or international item

14 June 1645

Cromwell 's New Model Army scored its first signal victory, at the battle of Naseby in Northamptonshire. This defeat for Charles I was a step towards his surrender in May 1646 and the end...

14 June 1645: Cromwell's New Model Army scored its first...

National or international item

14 June 1645

Cromwell 's New Model Army scored its first signal victory, at the battle of Naseby in Northamptonshire. This defeat for Charles I was a step towards his surrender in May 1646 and the end...

From Summer 1645: Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army gradually...

National or international item

From Summer 1645

Oliver Cromwell 's New Model Army gradually prevailed against Charles I .
Grun, Bernard. The Timetables of History. 3rd revised, Simon and Schuster, 1991.
292
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2025, 22 vols. plus supplements.
under Cromwell

3 June 1647: Charles I passed into the custody of Cromwell's...

National or international item

3 June 1647

Charles I passed into the custody of Cromwell 's New Model Army at Holmby in Northamptonshire.
Marriott, Sir John A. R. Oxford, Its Place in National History. Clarendon, 1933.
131

June to 11 November 1647: Charles I was held captive in his palace...

National or international item

June to 11 November 1647

Charles I was held captive in his palace at Hampton Court by Cromwell 's armies.
Cannon, John, editor. The Oxford Companion to British History. Revised edition, Oxford University Press, 2002.
189-90
Purkiss, Diane. The English Civil War, A People’s History. Harper Perennial, 2007.
459

6 August 1647: Cromwell's New Model Army marched on London...

National or international item

6 August 1647

Cromwell 's New Model Army marched on London to quell an attempted Presbyterian counter-revolution.
Morrill, John. “The Stuarts (1603-1688)”. Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, edited by Kenneth O. Morgan, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 286-51.
323
Woolrych, Austin. “The Civil Wars 1640-1649”. Stuart England, edited by Blair Worden, Phaidon, 1986, pp. 93-119.
110-11

15 November 1647: After the Putney Debates the Levellers planned...

Writing climate item

15 November 1647

After the Putney Debates the Levellers planned another meeting with the New Model Army at Ware in Hertfordshire. Cromwell , however, intervened.
Purkiss, Diane. The English Civil War, A People’s History. Harper Perennial, 2007.
498-9

5 January 1649: An English widow named Johanna Cartwright,...

Women writers item

5 January 1649

An English widow named Johanna Cartwright , resident in Amsterdam with her son Ebenezer , presented to General Sir Thomas Fairfax a pamphlet whose lengthy title begins The Petition of the Jewes.
Cartwright, Johanna. The Petition of the Jewes. George Roberts, 1649.
title-page, 2, 3

27 January 1649: Ann or Anne Fairfax (wife of the former parliamentary...

National or international item

27 January 1649

Ann or Anne Fairfax (wife of the former parliamentary commander Sir Thomas Fairfax ) made her second verbal intervention in the trial of Charles I .
Nevitt, Marcus. “Elizabeth Poole Writes the Regicide”. Women’s Writing, Vol.
9
, No. 2, 2002, pp. 233-48.
233-4

15 August 1649: English troops under Oliver Cromwell landed...

National or international item

15 August 1649

English troops under Oliver Cromwell landed at Ringsend outside Dublin with the aim of putting down the rebellion which had lasted in Ireland from October 1641.
Bennett, Ronan. “Warts and all”. Guardian Weekly, 10 Oct. 2008, p. 38.
38
Kelly, Matthew. “With Bit and Bridle”. London Review of Books, Vol.
32
, No. 15, 5 Aug. 2010, pp. 12-13.
22

11 September 1649: Irish Catholics were massacred by Cromwell's...

National or international item

11 September 1649

Irish Catholics were massacred by Cromwell 's army after they captured the town of Drogheda in Ireland from royalist Sir Arthur Aston.
Morrill, John. “The Stuarts (1603-1688)”. Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, edited by Kenneth O. Morgan, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 286-51.
314, 326
Worden, Blair. “Cromwellian England 1649-1660”. Stuart England, edited by Blair Worden, Phaidon, 1986, pp. 123-47.
127
Bennett, Ronan. “Warts and all”. Guardian Weekly, 10 Oct. 2008, p. 38.
38

1651: Manasseh ben Israel wrote from Amsterdam...

National or international item

1651

Manasseh ben Israel wrote from Amsterdam to Oliver Cromwell to request legal admission for the Jews to England: he argued that this would help to bring about the birth of the Messiah.
Kunze, Bonnelyn Young. Margaret Fell and the Rise of Quakerism. Macmillan, 1994.
211 and n1
Alderman, Geoffrey. “Face to Faith”. The Guardian, 31 Dec. 2005, p. 29.
29

Texts

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