862 results for suffrage

Matilda Betham-Edwards

Though MBE attended, together with a male friend, a meeting of the International Working Men's Association presided over by Karl Marx , she did so more as an observer than as a sympathiser. She felt no enthusiasm for women's higher education or women's suffrage as causes: she felt they addressed matters of abstract justice which would be resolved one day. (Furthermore, she suspected that university education might have spoiled rather than improved those women writers she most admired.) She herself felt more compelled by what she felt to be the less abstract cause of animal welfare, and the founding of the RSPCA . The fact that Girton and Somerville taught vivisection lost them her sympathy forever. Nevertheless, she attended what she believed to be the first-ever meeting held by advocates of female suffrage, where John Stuart Mill and Lord Houghton spoke.
Betham-Edwards, Matilda. Reminiscences. G. Redway, p. vi, 354 pp.
220, 223-5, 274-6 and n

Clementina Black

The Women's Franchise Declaration Committee inaugurated a suffrage petition; CB served as the committee's honorary secretary.
Glage, Liselotte. Clementina Black: A Study in Social History and Literature. Carl Winter.
38
Banks, Olive. The Biographical Dictionary of British Feminists. New York University Press.
21

Vera Brittain

Janet turns to suffrage politics in frustration with her life of service to her husband, a very traditional clergyman. Their son Denis meets and falls in love with Ruth when both are Oxford undergraduates (Ruth attends Drayton College, the fictional version of Somerville which VB had already invented). Janet conceives a passion for Ellison (who returns only friendship), leaves her husband, turns to acts of political violence like trying to burn down his church (which her son Denis prevents), and dies of peritonitis alone in London. Through the upheaval of the great war, Ruth learns about topics that Janet was ignorant of, like sexual feeling (learned from a visiting American with a fiancée back home), birth control, and homosexuality. She is able to be a better wife and mother than Janet was because of her new knowledge, but according to critic Leonardi she lacks any female community and still sees life as revolving around a man. (At the same time Ellison's plays lack something because of the absence of a man in her life.)
Leonardi, Susan J. Dangerous by Degrees: Women at Oxford and the Somerville College Novelists. Rutgers University Press.
211-18

Caroline Chisholm

The talk was entitled The Progress of Public Opinion on the Land Question, Election Ballot, and Manhood Suffrage; State-aid, Payment of Members, the Land League. Among the audience of three or four hundred were prominent politicians, including Premier Charles Cowper and Lands Minister Jack Robertson . CC began by noting that although certain people believed women ought not to have opinions on political matters, she herself had seen good cause to adopt certain well-defined political opinions and urged other women to do the same. The central topic she discussed, and endorsed, was the 1858 New South Wales Electoral Act which introduced Universal Manhood Suffrage to the colony.
Moran, John, and Caroline Chisholm. “Introduction and Commentary”. Radical, in Bonnet and Shawl: Four Political Lectures, Preferential Publications, pp. 1 - 12, 30.
30-3

Charlotte Perkins Gilman

After Women and Economics and its translations had made Charlotte Perkins famous in Europe, she was invited to speak in Berlin in 1904. She enjoyed her visit there, as well as time spent in Rome (where her daughter was living) and other places in Italy. In February 1905 she was off again, to London, Holland, Germany again, Austria, and Hungary. A final European trip in 1913 took her as a delegate to the Congress of the International Women's Suffrage Alliance in Budapest that June.
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman. An Autobiography. Editor Lane, Ann J., University of Wisconsin Press.
298-301

Georgette Heyer

However evasive she may have been about her personal life, GH expressed strong views and was known to have warned: Don't you get thinking this is a fair world for women, because it isn't.
Hodge, Jane Aiken. The Private World of Georgette Heyer. Bodley Head.
21
Although a self-confessed bluestocking, she hated suffrage demonstrations and women with a magnified sense of their own importance (the kind of women she apparently associated with the suffrage struggle).
Hodge, Jane Aiken. The Private World of Georgette Heyer. Bodley Head.
21

John Oliver Hobbes

Critic John Sutherland says that in later life JOH was a member of the Anti-Suffrage League .
Sutherland, John. The Stanford Companion to Victorian Fiction. Stanford University Press.
While neither Margaret Maison nor Mildred Davis Harding confirm this, they both quote from a letter she wrote to William Francis Brown , apparently on 22 March 1906 (Harding dates it 2 March 1906), where she says: Women won't accept their absolute dependence on men. . . . That is why I am dead against Women's Colleges, Clubs, Suffrage and the like. They make each other wretched and they are, as influences on each other, utterly sterilizing and devitalizing.
Maison, Margaret. John Oliver Hobbes. Eighteen Nineties Society.
21, 72 n16
Harding, Mildred Davis. Air-Bird in the Water. Associated University Presses.
390-3, 492n11
Richards, John Morgan, and John Oliver Hobbes. “Pearl Richards Craigie: Biographical Sketch by her Father”. The Life of John Oliver Hobbes, J. Murray.
30

Mary Howitt

MH 's devotion to women's causes lasted her life through. Around 29 January 1879 something moved her to declare her allegiance on a sheet of paper now in the National Library of Scotland : I entirely sympathise with the movement to obtain Female Suffrage.
Woodring, Carl Ray. Victorian Samplers: William and Mary Howitt. University of Kansas Press.
181

Kathleen E. Innes

Over the years she reported to the WIL on a wide variety of issues—League of Nations and International Labour Organization work, disarmament initiatives, the pay equity drive by women teachers in Britain, and suffrage campaigns around the world, to name but a few.
Harvey, Kathryn. "Driven by War into Politics": A Feminist Biography of Kathleen Innes. University of Alberta.
81-3, 215-6, 249-51

Ann Jebb

AJ was a convinced and effective supporter of most reformist causes of her day. During the 1770s she reprobated the design of coercing the American colonies,, and supported parliamentary reform, liberty for Ireland,
Meadley, George William. “Memoir of Mrs. Jebb”. The Monthly Repository, Vol.
7
, pp. 597 - 604, 661.
600
toleration (and the vote) for Roman Catholics,
Meadley, George William. “Memoir of Mrs. Jebb”. The Monthly Repository, Vol.
7
, pp. 597 - 604, 661.
601
and the abolition of slavery. As regards suffrage, she looked on parliamentary representation as the only effectual safeguard of [the people's] sacred rights.
Meadley, George William. “Memoir of Mrs. Jebb”. The Monthly Repository, Vol.
7
, pp. 597 - 604, 661.
600
She was later a supporter of the French Revolution, and she came to believe in universal suffrage. (She may have meant by this universal male suffrage, as most of her contemporaries would have done, but in view of her husband's strong statement about gender equality in his Theological Propositions and Miscellaneous Observations,
Jebb, John. The Works, Theological, Medical, Political, and Miscellaneous, of John Jebb, M.D. F.R.S. Editor Disney, John, T. Cadell, J. Johnson, and J. Stockdale; J. and J. Merrill.
2: 180
it is just possible that she was a suffragist in the feminist sense before her time.)

Fanny Kingsley

FK 's only documented political engagement occured in the summer of 1869, when both she and Charles Kingsley attended a Women's Suffrage meeting in London at the invitation of John Stuart Mill , whose book The Subjection of Women both Charles and Fanny admired. In a letter to Mill dated June 17, 1869, Charles Kingsley writes: Mrs. Kingsley begs me to add the expression of her respect for you. Her opinion has long been that this movement must be furthered rather by men than by the women themselves. He also credits her as a significant influence on his intellectual life and opinions about the roles of women, saying: That I should ever have found out what I seem to know without the guidance of a woman, and that woman my wife, I dare not assert. He declares himself open to any teaching which has for its purpose the doing woman justice in every respect.
Kingsley, Charles. Charles Kingsley: His Letters and Memories of His Life. Editor Kingsley, Fanny, Charles Scribner’s Sons.
2: 295
After the meeting, they were house guests of Mill. While Charles Kingsley was highly sympathetic to the suffrage movement, he was repelled by any militant tactics; Colloms attributes a similar attitude to FK .
Colloms, Brenda. Charles Kingsley: The Lion of Eversley. Constable.
308-11
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under Frances Eliza Kingsley
Kingsley, Charles. Charles Kingsley: His Letters and Memories of His Life. Editor Kingsley, Fanny, Charles Scribner’s Sons.
2: 294-5

Fanny Aikin Kortright

American Rebecca Harding Davis published a novel with the same title five years later, which later again caused Kortright's anti-suffrage panmphlet Pro Aris et Focis to be, embarrassingly, ascribed to Davis.

May Laffan

Women's Education and Suffrage

Margaret Legge

ML , author of seven novels published between 1912 and 1929, used her fiction to discuss issues of marriage, women's suffrage, the difficulty of an older generation in adapting to modern life, and utopianism presented in the guise of fantasy. Her heroines tend to seek independence but choose to be protected; happy endings are often combined with deaths or changes of partner; the only consistent thread seems to be dissatisfaction with the status quo.

Anna Leonowens

Political Life: Suffrage and Literacy

Sarah Lewis:

She writes as a moderate, promulgating the concept of separate spheres for the two sexes, but wishing that middle-class women might extend to boys the education they currently administered to girls: a training based on religion and morality rather than the amoral, intellect-based education currently available to boys. She expresses a belief in women's moral superiority to men, but does not support the cause of women's suffrage. She notes: we are . . . anxious . . . that women should be roused to a sense of their own importance; but we affirm, that it is not so much social institutions that are wanting to women, but women who are wanting to themselves.
Lewis, Sarah. Woman’s Mission. William Crosby.
11
Her high value for the state of marriage leads her to advocate better employment opportunities for women, so that they should not be forced by need to marry for the wrong reasons.

Edna Lyall

Politics: Suffrage

Catharine Macaulay

CM had two circles of political friends: that of her brother John, which included members of the Society of the Supporters of the Bill of Rights , and that of the Real Whigs, who were mostly dissenters and some of them republicans.
Hill, Bridget. The Republican Virago: The Life and Times of Catharine Macaulay, Historian. Clarendon Press.
16-17
CM 's own republican views, and her reformist brand of patriotism, were formed during the years of Wilkes 's greatest political struggle, though she was again unusual in positioning herself between the Real Whigs and the Wilkites, who were in general a separate group.
Hill, Bridget. “Daughter and Mother: Some new light on Catharine Macaulay and her family”. Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies, Vol.
22
, No. 1, pp. 35-49.
53, 57
Like Thomas Hollis , she believed that the struggles of the English seventeenth century had been the forming-ground of republicanism as a serious alternative to monarchy.
Hill, Bridget. The Republican Virago: The Life and Times of Catharine Macaulay, Historian. Clarendon Press.
165
She favoured a more extended and equal power of election,
Hill, Bridget. The Republican Virago: The Life and Times of Catharine Macaulay, Historian. Clarendon Press.
177
but probably did not envisage universal suffrage, let alone women's suffrage.

Harriet Martineau

HM 's controversial study of Society in America was published in three volumes; it contained an early argument for female suffrage.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
498 (1837): 337
Martineau, Harriet. “Introduction and Editorial Materials”. Selected Letters, edited by Valerie Sanders, Clarendon Press, pp. vii - xxxiii, 235.
xxii

Willa Muir

She had also studied English and modern history during her degree. In her first year she discovered Jane Ellen Harrison 's Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion (1903). Harrison's work, which suggests that the ancient Greeks worshipped not only gods, but also conceptions of the human mind, introduced WM to notions of the unconscious.
Muir, Willa. Belonging. Hogarth Press.
13-14
“Contemporary Authors”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Centre-LRC.
At St Andrews she also became active in the suffrage movement (helping to found there the Women Students Suffrage Society )
Allen, Kirsty, and Willa Muir. “Introduction”. Imagined Selves, edited by Kirsty Allen and Kirsty Allen, Canongate Classics, p. v - xiii.
vi
and participated in the Women's Debating Society and the Students' Representative Council . During her degree course she won the Berry Scholarship in Classics. Two of her teachers promised to coach her for the Ferguson, which would have funded classical study at the British School in Rome. She never received the latter scholarship because, she later said, in the ecstasy of first love, I could not be so widely separated from my sweetheart.
Muir, Willa. Belonging. Hogarth Press.
26

Constance Naden

She was a Liberal (who canvassed for the Gladstone supporter George Granville Leveson-Gower when he stood—unsuccessfully—for East Marylebone in 1889), a supporter of Irish Home Rule, a member of the Somerville Club for women, and a suffragist who lent her public-speaking expertise to the cause.
Hughes, William Richard et al. Constance Naden: A Memoir. Bickers and Son.
51
As William R. Hughes expressed it, [u]nder the auspices of the Women's Liberal Association , she lectured on suffrage in a matured and commanding strain of oratory.
Hughes, William Richard et al. Constance Naden: A Memoir. Bickers and Son.
51

Bessie Rayner Parkes

BRP 's son, Joseph Hilaire Pierre René , generally known as Hilaire Belloc (but to his family as Hilary), was born on 27 July 1870, just before the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian war. He too became a writer and an ardent Catholic, but in contrast to his mother he developed into an anti-feminist, strongly opposed to female suffrage and higher education for women.
Markel, Michael H. Hilaire Belloc. Twayne.
1
Lowndes, Marie Belloc. I, Too, Have Lived in Arcadia. Macmillan.
116
Banks, Olive. The Biographical Dictionary of British Feminists. New York University Press.
Crawford, Anne, editor. The Europa Biographical Dictionary of British Women. Europa Publications.

Henry Handel Richardson

HHR began subscribing to the periodical Votes for Women (the journal of the Women's Social and Political Union ) in 1909 (two years after it was launched), and to The Suffragette in 1912. Her interest was strongly engaged by the cause of women's suffrage—not surprisingly, since the Woman Question was invigoratingly canvassed by the European writers who had shaped her thinking. She marched in most of the major suffrage processions organised by the WSPU in London, while her husband joined sympathising male organisations. (She also took personal action against cruelty to horses working in the streets.) Through her, her sister became a more radical suffragette than herself. Lillian was imprisoned in Holloway for damage to a post office in 1912, and invited Sylvia Pankhurst to speak in her house in Germany in 1914, when Pankhurst was prohibited from addressing a German audience at public meetings.
Ackland, Michael. Henry Handel Richardson: A Life. Cambridge University Press.
182, 187-90, 192-5
HHR was certain, she wrote, that every broken window & burnt house takes [women] a few steps further from the harem & the veil.
Ackland, Michael. Henry Handel Richardson: A Life. Cambridge University Press.
196

Martin Ross

Suffrage

Jessie Russell

Her Women's Rights Versus Women's Wrongs was a response to Marion Bernstein 's call in the same paper for female suffrage, which in this poem JR did not support. It provoked in turn a response from Bernstein claiming that Woman Suffrage / Soon would find a cure for all.
King, Elspeth. The Hidden History of Glasgow’s Women: The Thenew Factor. Mainstream Publishing.
87
Persuaded, Russell published a Recantation in which she promised to join the fight for the vote.
Boos, Florence S. “Cauld Engle-Cheek: Working-Class Women Poets in Victorian Scotland”. Victorian Poetry, Vol.
33
, No. 1, pp. 53-73.
57-9
King, Elspeth. The Hidden History of Glasgow’s Women: The Thenew Factor. Mainstream Publishing.
86-7