KOB
worked fairly briefly at a range of jobs: as a freelance journalist, reviewing for The Sphere in London; then working for C. P. Scott
in the foreign-language department of the Manchester Guardian Weekly in Manchester; and as a teacher at a convent in Hampstead for the first part of 1921. While in the US, she worked as secretary to her brother-in-law
. During her time in Spain she worked as governess to two children.
Reynolds, Lorna. Kate O’Brien: A Literary Portrait. Colin Smythe; Barnes and Noble, 1987.
36
After her marriage ended she became secretary and publications editor for the Sunlight League
.
Reynolds, Lorna. Kate O’Brien: A Literary Portrait. Colin Smythe; Barnes and Noble, 1987.
Some of her jobs after leaving highschool were alienatingly bourgeois, like working in an antiquarian bookstore. Other casual paid work was less important in her life than her speaking on behalf of the Young Communist League
.
Reid, Panthea. Tillie Olsen: One Woman, Many Riddles. Rutgers University Press, 2010.
57, 58
As she became more politically engaged she taught fellow students at a school run by Paul Cline
and Harry Winston
for working-class activists. Back in California, she worked as a secretary to her husband, Abe Goldfarb
, when he got a job with FDR
's new Civil Works Administration
.
Reid, Panthea. Tillie Olsen: One Woman, Many Riddles. Rutgers University Press, 2010.
LMA
began working at an early age to help support her family. She accepted whatever she could find and worked as a governess, editor, teacher, seamstress, paid companion, and domestic. It was her work as a writer, however, that finally led her family to financial security.
Alcott, Louisa May, and Madeleine B. Stern. The Journals of Louisa May Alcott. Editors Myerson, Joel and Daniel Shealy, Little, Brown, 1989.
xviii
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
After receiving her BA, Alderson worked as a personal assistant at a publishing firm specializing in children's books. Next came an editorial job with an international law firm, which employed her first in London, then in New York.
MA
's aunt Maud Hughes gave Margery her start in journalism, writing movie reviews for Girls' Cinema. This soon became regular employment, bringing her in up to £50 a month. As well as working for Hughes, she contributed regularly to a group of periodicals and magazines owned by Thomson
of Dundee.
Thorogood, Julia. Margery Allingham: A Biography. Heinmann, 1991.
Before, during, and after this phase of her studies, Anna Livia
worked variously as a catering assistant, bus conductor, dispatch rider, database manager, and cabaret dresser.
Malinowski, Sharon et al., editors. Gay and Lesbian Literature. St James Press, 1994–1998, 2 vols.
2: 226, 229
Contemporary Authors: New Revision Series. Gale Research, 1981–2025, Numerous volumes.
71
Wakeford, Nina. “Anna Livia”. The Guardian, 26 Sept. 2007.
An ex-pacifist when the second world war broke out, DA
recoiled from joining the forces or undertaking other war work, but eventually got an office job (the merest fetching and carrying) with the BBC
at its temporary headquarters in Bath.
Athill, Diana. Life Class: The Selected Memoirs of Diana Athill. Granta, 2009.
266-71
Then, after a dreadful interlude teaching at a village school which was swamped in evacuees from London,
Athill, Diana. Life Class: The Selected Memoirs of Diana Athill. Granta, 2009.
272
she rejoined the BBC, first at Evesham and then back in London, latterly as a researcher.
Athill, Diana. Life Class: The Selected Memoirs of Diana Athill. Granta, 2009.
272-4
At one point she was earning five pounds a week; by 1945 this had risen to £388 a year. At that point André Deutsch
offered her five hundred a year (which turned out in the end to be an overestimate, not reached in reality till somewhat later) to join him in his own publishing company. She thus became from 1946 an editor for Deutsch at Allan Wingate Ltd
, the first publishing house which he set up on the ridiculously insufficient capital of three thousand pounds. Used envelopes were recycled with stickers, and deliveries were made around London in Deutsch's car. A board of directors was haphazardly accumulated and developed violent disagreements.
Athill, Diana. Life Class: The Selected Memoirs of Diana Athill. Granta, 2009.
AA
enjoyed unusual acceptance into traditionally masculine circles including learned societies, as a result of her father's involvement in (especially) the British Museum
and the Royal Society
. She became a pioneer in the field of photography. A member of the Botanical Society of London
, she made a major contribution by undertaking the first serious application of photography to science by making photograms of her extensive collection of algae.
Nicholls, C. S., editor. The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing Persons. Oxford University Press, 1993.
A photogram is a photograph without a negative, made when an object is placed on a light-sensitive medium and exposed to light, and the resulting print is developed.
AA
was also an innovative illustrator and lithographer, who used the cyanotype process in her work.
Back in Toronto between periods of study, MA
took a job in 1963 with a market research company, and then taught at the University of British Columbia
, 1964-5.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
PA
managed a family trading business for a decade or so while her husband was away following his military career.
Baer, Joel H. “Penelope Aubin and the Pirates of Madagascar: Biographical Notes and Documents”. Eighteenth- Century Women: Studies in their Lives, Work, and Culture, edited by Linda V. Troost, Vol.
1
, 2001, pp. 49-62.
54-5
In 1702 she had a share or investment in a salvaging expedition to the Caribbean.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
By the time of her marriage she had already written and published some of her devotional works and poetry.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
This was when she took up a position as governess to the family of Lady Frances Beresford
in Exeter.
Elfenbein, Andrew. Romantic Genius: The Prehistory of a Homosexual Role. Columbia University Press, 1999.
131
Archives of the Royal Literary Fund, 1790-1918.
Some of her friends felt her lofty and unaccommodating mind
qtd. in
Elfenbein, Andrew. Romantic Genius: The Prehistory of a Homosexual Role. Columbia University Press, 1999.
133
made her unlikely to succeed at managing patronage relationships. Robert Anderson
in particular urged her against the pride which would put literary ambition before self-sufficiency.
Kushigian, Nancy, and Stephen C. Behrendt, editors. Scottish Women Poets of the Romantic Period.
The more sympathetic saw her willingness to work as possibly even more admirable than her writing.
Elfenbein, Andrew. Romantic Genius: The Prehistory of a Homosexual Role. Columbia University Press, 1999.
134
She may have continued with such work after returning north. Lady Frances evidently retained kindly feelings about her, since after Bannerman's death she contributed twenty-two pounds to paying off her debts (though she advised a friend against saving her letters).
Kushigian, Nancy, and Stephen C. Behrendt, editors. Scottish Women Poets of the Romantic Period.
Here she practised medicine; a book printed by Benjamin Crayle
, her first publisher, advertises Dr Barker's Famous Gout Plaister.
qtd. in
King, Kathryn R., and Jeslyn Medoff. “Jane Barker and Her Life (1652-1732): The Documentary Record”. Eighteenth-Century Life, Vol.
21
, No. 3, Nov. 1997, pp. 16-38.
22
Wilson, Carol Shiner, and Jane Barker. “Introduction”. The Galesia Trilogy and Selected Manuscript Poems of Jane Barker, Oxford University Press, 1997, p. xv - xliv.
xxiv
Actually prescribing medication, as Barker writes that she did, was for a woman a highly unorthodox—and risky—proceeding which could have landed her before the authorities
King, Kathryn R. Jane Barker, Exile: A Political Career 1675-1725. Clarendon Press, 2000.
70
(as Judith Drake
was landed in 1723). It is now not possible to know for certain whether Barker practised as an amateur or took money (five shillings for a roll of plaster) for her expertise, but the latter seems the more likely.
King, Kathryn R. Jane Barker, Exile: A Political Career 1675-1725. Clarendon Press, 2000.
NCB
began to host literary gatherings on Friday evenings from five to eight p.m. at 20 rue Jacob in the Faubourg Saint-Germain in Paris. The salon continued for sixty years.
Wickes, George. The Amazon of Letters: The Life and Loves of Natalie Barney. G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1976.
102
Chalon, Jean. Portrait of a Seductress: The World of Natalie Barney. Translator Barko, Carol, Crown, 1979.
91
Rood, Karen Lane, editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 4. Gale Research, 1980.
He then taught for a term at Campbell College
in Belfast (a well-known grammar school) before taking up an English-teaching position at the Ecole Normale Supérieure
in Paris. He later also taught at Trinity College, Dublin
, before deciding that the way to earn his living was by one kind or another of writing. During the second world war he was first an underground Resistance activist and then a farm labourer. After the war he worked in various capacities for the Irish Red Cross
in France.
Cohn, Ruby. Back to Beckett. Princeton University Press, 1973.
At this time, in the 1930s, SB
supported herself for a while by teaching English in London to German-Jewish refugees, wise professional and business people, even tycoons.
Bedford, Sybille. Quicksands. Counterpoint, 2005.
314
Her responsibility was to get their English up to the standard required for entry to the USA. The price she charged ranged from half a crown to seven shillings for an hour's lesson.
Bedford, Sybille. Quicksands. Counterpoint, 2005.
315
Immediately before the Second World War she did volunteer work with refugees in Paris.
AMB
worked at various gruelling lower-class jobs. She kept a slop-shop in Wych Street, London, and a chandler's shop in Whitechapel; she was also employed as matron of a workhouse.
Fuller, J. F. “A Curious Genealogical Medley”. Miscellanea Genealogica, 1913.
MFB
was earning enough from her career in journalism to be able to support herself by her late teens. She established herself as a successful writer and editor for national dailies and a career journalist, a status she maintained until her death. Her journalism shared characteristics with the innovations of New Journalism, and both her standing and her output placed her alongside other noted women journalists like Harriet Martineau
and Frances Cobbe
.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Brake, Laurel, and Marysa Demoor, editors. Dictionary of Nineteenth-Century Journalism In Great Britain and Ireland. Academia Press, 2009.
William Thomas Stead
, identified by Matthew Arnold
as the archetypal editor of the New Journalism, referred to this transformation in late nineteenth-century journalistic practice as the medium for democracy.
Brake, Laurel, and Marysa Demoor, editors. Dictionary of Nineteenth-Century Journalism In Great Britain and Ireland. Academia Press, 2009.
under New Journalism
MFB
's career in journalism adopted, advanced, and helped popularize the innovations of New Journalism first demonstrated by Stead, including the editor's role as marshalling the public . . . cross heads, interviews, bold headlines, illustration, indices, and specials.
Brake, Laurel, and Marysa Demoor, editors. Dictionary of Nineteenth-Century Journalism In Great Britain and Ireland. Academia Press, 2009.
In the year of her society debut Caroline got a job as a journalist on Picture Post. This lively, popular magazine, a pioneer of photojournalism, was then at the peak of its circulation, but shortly to be brought down by the mismatch between the socialism of its editor (Tom Hopkinson
, ex-husband of Antonia White
) and the conservatism of its publisher, the Hulton Press
.
CB
reported on anything and everything from politics to horse-racing and suffered the valuable experience of having her work regularly pulled apart by editors.
Schoenberger, Nancy. Dangerous Muse, A Life of Caroline Blackwood. Phoenix, 2002.
72
Later she worked briefly as a fashion model.
Schoenberger, Nancy. Dangerous Muse, A Life of Caroline Blackwood. Phoenix, 2002.
She first became a published writer in 1869 while still in Ireland. She appears to have used the pen-name E. Owens Blackburne throughout her literary career, taking it from her grandfather.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Hays, Frances. Women of the Day. Chatto and Windus, 1885.
Publishers for whom Blake worked as an engraver included the radical Joseph Johnson
, friend of Wollstonecraft and others. His wife, Catherine
, became for practical purposes a partner in his printing and publishing business. For his own literary and visual works he developed his unique method of illuminated printing, in which the letter-press is engraved, and hand-colouring makes every copy different. Phenomenally productive, he left a large oeuvre of paintings and illustrations both to his own poetry and the writings of others.