Christina Rossetti

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Standard Name: Rossetti, Christina
Birth Name: Christina Georgina Rossetti
Pseudonym: C. G. R.
Pseudonym: Ellen Alleyne
Pseudonym: Calta
Nickname: Sister Christina
CR wrote and published poetry ranging from religious poetry, love lyrics, and sonnets to narrative and dramatic verse. She published five successive volumes of verse, three collected editions, and many individual poems in anthologies and periodicals, from the 1840s until her death in the 1890s. She occupies a liminal position in relation to the Pre-Raphaelite movement: deeply influenced by and indebted to it, she developed a voice and preoccupations in many respects distinct from those of its male members, partly because of her equally strong absorption in the High AnglicanOxford Movement. Goblin Market, the poem for which she is best known, has frequently been re-issued as a children's fable, but has also been convincingly read as a complex exploration of religion, gender, and sexuality. Some of her other verse was specifically aimed at children. Her attempts at prose fiction, of which a volume appeared in her lifetime and another posthumously, were not as well received as her poetry. CR 's devotional writing, which intensified towards the end of her life, includes hymns and other religious verse, as well as six volumes of religious commentary presented from a distinctively female standpoint. A writer who combined abiding interest in symbol and correspondence with stylistic austerity and metrical innovation that presaged modernism, CR is recognised as one of the major poets of the Victorian period.

Connections

Connections Author name Sort ascending Excerpt
Literary responses Jean Ingelow
JI was wildly successful during her life—she even had a ship named after her while she lived—but it is only very recently that a resurgence of scholarship on and appreciation of her has begun. An...
Friends, Associates Violet Hunt
Friends of VH 's family included John Ruskin , Edward Burne-Jones , John Millais , Dante Gabriel Rossetti , Robert Browning , and Christina Rossetti , who read Violet's early poems. VH also met and...
Friends, Associates Anna Mary Howitt
Family biographer Carl Ray Woodring numbers AMH with a group of Pre-Raphaelite sisters, including Barbara Leigh Smith (later Bodichon) , Bessie Rayner Parkes , and Margaret Gillies , who associated themselves with innovation in...
Publishing Anna Mary Howitt
During her time in Munich and her briefer time in Oberammergau, AMH wrote articles which were published in the Ladies' Companion, the Athenæum, and Household Words. Her description of the Oberammergau passion...
Textual Production Anna Mary Howitt
Another biographical project, never fulfilled, grew out of Christina Rossetti 's idea that AMH would be a better person than herself to write a study of Adelaide Procter .
Woodring, Carl Ray. Victorian Samplers: William and Mary Howitt. University of Kansas Press.
179
Intertextuality and Influence Gerard Manley Hopkins
GMH won the Poetry Prize at Highgate School in 1860, the year he turned sixteen. He was still writing as an undergraduate at Oxford in 1863-7. But when he became a Jesuit in 1868 he...
Literary responses Felicia Hemans
FH remained continuously in print throughout the Victorian period, but her critical reputation and popularity waned before its close and died with modernism. She lingered on in popular memory as the author of popular recitation...
Reception Ann Hawkshaw
AH 's work has been sporadically reprinted. She is one of the poets included in Annie Hone 's 1891 collection The Children's Casket: Favourite Poems for Recitation, along with Jean Ingelow , Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Friends, Associates Jane Ellen Harrison
Moving in London's social and creative circles, JEH also met Robert Browning , Walter Pater , Henry James , and Alfred Tennyson (whom she called the most openly vain man I ever met)...
Intertextuality and Influence Mary Agnes Hamilton
Her title makes multiple allusion to disparate other texts. Its first four words are quoted from a poem of aspiration by Christina Rossetti ; the rest of it alludes to E. M. Forster 's semi-disillusioned...
Intertextuality and Influence Germaine Greer
The introduction begins, It is not quite forty years since eliminating menopause was first mooted.
Greer, Germaine. The Change. Penguin.
1
It moves swiftly into the concept of a fear or hatred of old women, which Greer names anophobia.
Greer, Germaine. The Change. Penguin.
2
Intertextuality and Influence Germaine Greer
The chapters are headed with quotations ranging eclectically through the international canon and counter-canon from Sophocles and The Ramayana of Valmiki (an ancient Indian epic) to Spike Milligan , via Charles Baudelaire , T. S. Eliot
Friends, Associates Dora Greenwell
Greenlow also became a friend of Christina Rossetti after sending her a fan letter.
There is some debate as to the date of their first contact. Janet Gray says that DG sent Rossetti the gift...
Textual Features Dora Greenwell
The volume opens with Christina, which relates the sad history of a fallen woman. Choosing this woman's voice for first-person narration (though she is not the person named in the poem's title) is...
Literary responses Dora Greenwell
During her lifetime, DG maintained a loyal and consistent following. William Michael Rossetti said of her that she produced some work both refined and of genuine feeling to which her appearance and manner corresponded.
Battiscombe, Georgina. Christina Rossetti: A Divided Life. Constable.
89

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