Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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George Eliot: 8 January 1851

Women writers item
Author event in George Eliot

8 January 1851

Marian Evans (later GE ) moved to 142 The Strand in London, having taken the crucial step of deciding to earn her living by her pen.
Ashton, Rosemary. George Eliot: A Life. Hamish Hamilton, 1996.
78
Eliot, George. The George Eliot Letters. Editor Haight, Gordon S., Yale University Press, 1954–1978, 9 vols.
1: 341

Clara Balfour: By 18 January 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Clara Balfour

By 18 January 1851

Clara Balfour published Happy Evenings; or, The Literary Institution at Home, which included essays on women writers.
Balfour, Clara. Happy Evenings; or, The Literary Institution at Home. Houlston and Stoneman, 1851.
prelims
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1212 (1851): 81

Katharine S. Macquoid: 28 January 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Katharine S. Macquoid

28 January 1851

Katharine Thomas married artist and illustrator Thomas Robert Macquoid .
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Ellen Wood: February 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Ellen Wood

February 1851

EW 's first identified publication, Seven Years in the Wedded Life of a Roman Catholic appeared in Harrison Ainsworth'sNew Monthly Magazine.
Houghton, Walter E., and Jean Harris Slingerland, editors. The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. University of Toronto Press, 1966–1989, 5 vols.
5: 853

Mary Shelley: 1 February 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Shelley

1 February 1851

MS died in London, from a brain tumour.
Shelley, Mary. “Introduction”. Frankenstein, edited by David Lorne Macdonald and Kathleen Scherf, Broadview, 1994, pp. 11-43.
43

Christina Rossetti: Early 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Christina Rossetti

Early 1851

CR and her family moved to 38 Arlington Street, Mornington Crescent, London, where her mother had purchased a day school.
Smulders, Sharon. Christina Rossetti Revisited. Twayne, 1996.
xi
Jones, Kathleen. Learning Not to Be First: The Life of Christina Rossetti. Windrush Press, 1991.
55

Catherine Hubback: February - September 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Catherine Hubback

February - September 1851

The year after she first reached print, CH added two more novels to her tally: the problem fiction The Wife's Sister; or, The Forbidden Marriage (published as Mrs. Hubback, niece of Miss Austen), and...

5 February 1851: A public meeting of women in the Democratic...

National or international item

5 February 1851

A public meeting of women in the Democratic Temperance Hall, Sheffield, adopted the first petition for the enfranchisement of women to be submitted to both houses of parliament.
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
156
Schwarzkopf, Jutta. Women in the Chartist Movement. St Martin’s Press, 1991.
250

7 February 1851: The Ecclesiastical Titles Act was introduced...

National or international item

7 February 1851

The Ecclesiastical Titles Act was introduced into Parliament and quickly passed.
Norman, Edward R. The English Catholic Church in the Nineteenth Century. Clarendon, 1984.
127
Mitchell, Sally, editor. Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia. Garland Press, 1988.
675

Anna Wheeler: 8 February 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Wheeler

8 February 1851

Several years after AW 's death, a story bearing one of her pseudonyms, Concordia, appeared in the National Instructor, entitled Closing Scenes of the Irish Rebellion of 1798.
Swindles, Julia. Political Women 1800 - 1850. Editors Frow, Ruth and Edmund Frow, Pluto Press, 1989.
207, 210

Joanna Baillie: 23 February 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Joanna Baillie

23 February 1851

JB died at Bolton House, Windmill Hill in Hampstead.
Carhart, Margaret S. The Life and Work of Joanna Baillie. Reprint of 1923, Archon Books, 1970.
68

26 February 1851: William Macready made his famous farewell...

Building item

26 February 1851

William Macready made his famous farewell performance at the Drury Lane Theatre wearing the black suit of a gentleman in place of his costume as Macbeth.
Booth, Michael R. Theatre in the Victorian Age. Cambridge University Press, 1991.
22, 99

Augusta Ada Byron: Spring 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Augusta Ada Byron

Spring 1851

Unsuccessful in her attempt to use her mathematical skills to generate income from betting on horses, AAB , Countess of Lovelace, amassed significant debt.
Woolley, Benjamin. The Bride of Science: Romance, Reason and Byron’s Daughter. Macmillan, 1999.
340-2

Elizabeth Charles: By March 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Charles

By March 1851

Elizabeth Rundle was married at Tavistock to Andrew Paton Charles . He was a barrister and the owner of a soap and candle factory, and like her was deeply religious.
The Trustees of FreeBMD. FreeBMD. http://www.freebmd.org.uk/.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Charles, Elizabeth. Our Seven Homes. Editor Davidson, Mary, John Murray, 1896.
160
Lowndes, Marie Belloc. I, Too, Have Lived in Arcadia. Macmillan, 1941.
341

Caroline Chisholm: March 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Caroline Chisholm

March 1851

CC 's husband, Archibald , left England for Adelaide to become the Family Colonisation Loan Society 's first Australian agent.
Kiddle, Margaret, and Sir Douglas Copland. Caroline Chisholm. 2nd ed., Melbourne University Press, 1957.
151

March 1851: A Chartist assembly in London adopted a Programme...

National or international item

March 1851

A Chartist assembly in London adopted a Programme of Agitation.
Schwarzkopf, Jutta. Women in the Chartist Movement. St Martin’s Press, 1991.
247

3 March 1851: John Ruskin published The Foundations, the...

Writing climate item

3 March 1851

John Ruskin published The Foundations, the first volume of his influential study of architecture and culture entitled The Stones of Venice.
Smart, James P. A Complete Bibliography of the Writings in Prose and Verse of John Ruskin. Editor Wise, Thomas J., Vol.
2 vols.
, Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1964.
II: 47-58
Shepherd, Richard Herne. The Bibliography of Ruskin. E. Stock, 1881.
14

Mary Boyle: 8 March 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Boyle

8 March 1851

Dickens published in Household Words a story by MB which he entitled My Mahogany Friend.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Jane Francesca, Lady Wilde: 8 March 1851

Women writers item

8 March 1851

In the year of her marriage Jane Francesca, Lady Wilde (or Speranza), translated Marie Louis Alphonse de Lamartine de Prat 's The Wanderer and His Home.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1219 (8 March 1851): 269

Barbarina Brand, Baroness Dacre: 21 March 1851

Women writers item

21 March 1851

Lord Dacre , second husband of BBBD , died. He had suffered from vertigo for some years and had been diagnosed as apoplectic.
Lundy, Darryl. The Peerage. http://www.thepeerage.com/.
Hale, Peter. Noble and Splendid. Scandal, Honour and Duty: The Families of Kimpton Hoo. Apr. 2008, http://www.kimptonvillage.tsohost.co.uk/Groups/History/N%20and%20S%20revd%201.pdf.

Emma Robinson: By 29 March 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Emma Robinson

By 29 March 1851

ER , as the author of Whitefriars, published The Gold Worshippers; or, The Days We Live In, A Future Historical Novel: that is, one with a contemporary setting.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1222 (1851): 350

30 March 1851: The British census showed the proportion...

Building item

30 March 1851

The British census showed the proportion of women in paid employment to have risen from 22.9% to 28.9% in the previous decade; among the employed, the proportion in domestic service had risen to about 80%...

30 March 1851: G. H. Lewes and Thornton Hunt launched a...

Writing climate item

30 March 1851

G. H. Lewes and Thornton Hunt launched a progressive weekly called The Leader; it ran until 31 December 1859.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

Charlotte Brontë: 4 April 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Brontë

4 April 1851

CB received her third proposal when James Taylor , the managing clerk of Smith, Elder, and Co. , asked her to marry him; she refused.
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press, 1994.
669

George Eliot: Early 1851

Women writers item
Author event in George Eliot

Early 1851

GE changed the spelling of her name from Mary Ann Evans to Marian Evans.
Ashton, Rosemary. George Eliot: A Life. Hamish Hamilton, 1996.
80, 393n10