Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Eliza Ogilvy: By 5 April 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Eliza Ogilvy

By 5 April 1851

Following her poems based on the folklore of her native Scotland, EO published a collection in a similar style about Italy: Traditions of Tuscany, in Verse.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1223 (1851) 374
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

9 April 1851: Nathaniel Hawthorne published in Boston The...

Writing climate item

9 April 1851

Nathaniel Hawthorne published in BostonThe House of the Seven Gables, a novel exploring Puritan guilt.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1230: 545-7
Clark, C. E. Frazer. Nathaniel Hawthorne: A Descriptive Bibliography. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1978.
167
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.

By 12 April 1851: Herbert Spencer published his first book,...

Writing climate item

By 12 April 1851

Herbert Spencer published his first book, Social Statics, on social philosophy.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1224 (1851): 402
Mitchell, Sally, editor. Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia. Garland Press, 1988.

Harriet Taylor: 21 April 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Harriet Taylor

21 April 1851

HT married John Stuart Mill on Easter Monday at a registry office outside London, nearly two years after the death of her first husband .
Hayek, Friedrich Augustus von et al. John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor; Their Correspondence [i.e. Friendship] and Subsequent Marriage. University of Chicago Press, 1951.
169
Rose, Phyllis. Parallel Lives: Five Victorian Marriages. Alfred A. Knopf, 1984.
120

Ouida: After 1 May 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Ouida

After 1 May 1851

Ouida visited London for the Great Exhibition. She found it beautiful and overwhelming, calling the exhibition in her diary a noble idea.
qtd. in
Nadel, Ira Bruce, and William E. Fredeman, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 18. Gale Research, 1983.
18: 241-2

Ann Taylor Gilbert: About May 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Ann Taylor Gilbert

About May 1851

At nearly seventy, ATG greeted the Great Exhibition in both prose and poetry.
Gilbert, Ann Taylor. Autobiography and Other Memorials of Mrs. Gilbert. Editor Gilbert, Josiah, H. S. King, 1874, 2 vols., http://U of A, HSS Ruth N .
2: 231ff

Mary Russell Mitford: Summer 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Russell Mitford

Summer 1851

MRM visited London for the Great Exhibition.
Mudge, Bradford Keyes, editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 116. Gale Research, 1992.
116: 197

1 May 1851: The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry...

National or international item

1 May 1851

The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, the first world's fair, was opened by Queen Victoria in the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park.
Beaver, Patrick. The Crystal Palace 1851-1936: A Portrait of Victorian Enterprise. Hugh Evelyn, 1970.
5, 11, 13
Mitchell, Sally, editor. Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia. Garland Press, 1988.

Before May 1851: The Royal Academy accepted several Pre-Raphaelite...

Building item

Before May 1851

The Royal Academy accepted several Pre-Raphaelite works for its annual exhibition (which opened on 5 May), despite the volley of criticism which had followed the Brotherhood's previous public displays.
Boase, Thomas Sherrer Ross, editor. English Art, 1800-1870. Clarendon, 1959.
283
McMaster, Juliet. That Mighty Art of Black-and-White. Linley Sambourne, Punch, and the Royal Academy. Ad Hoc Press, 2009.
3

From May 1851: At the Great Exhibition, Bax and Company...

Building item

From May 1851

At the Great Exhibition, Bax and Company exhibited their newly invented waterproof, flexible, breathable fabric called Aquascutum.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
83-4

Caroline Norton: By 3 May 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Caroline Norton

By 3 May 1851

CN published the novel Stuart of Dunleath, A Story of Modern Times; it took her four years to write, because her sons were occupying much of her time and attention.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1227 (1851): 470-1
Chedzoy, Alan. A Scandalous Woman: The Story of Caroline Norton. Allison and Busby, 1995.
226

Mary Carpenter: After 7 May 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Carpenter

After 7 May 1851

MC published a volume entitled Reformatory Schools for the Children of the Perishing and Dangerous Classes, and for Juvenile Offenders: she wrote this date at the end of her text.
Carpenter, Mary. Reformatory Schools. Woburn Books Ltd, 1968.
353
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1246 (13 September 1851): 972-3
Carpenter, J. Estlin. The Life and Work of Mary Carpenter. 2nd ed., MacMillan and Co., 1881.
116, 117-118

13 May 1851: John Ruskin published a letter in The Times...

Building item

13 May 1851

John Ruskin published a letter in The Times lauding the works of the Pre-Raphaelites .
Boase, Thomas Sherrer Ross, editor. English Art, 1800-1870. Clarendon, 1959.
283-4

Eliza Mary Hamilton: 14 May 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Eliza Mary Hamilton

14 May 1851

EMH died in Dublin, having left the Observatory after her brother's marriage.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Blain, Virginia. “Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Eliza Mary Hamilton, and the Genealogy of the Victorian Poetess”. Victorian Poetry, Vol.
33
, No. 1, 1 Mar.–31 May 1995, pp. 31-51.
31

Charlotte Brontë: Late May 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Brontë

Late May 1851

CB visited London, where her relationship with her publisher and friend George Smith turned away from intimacy.
Gordon, Lyndall. Charlotte Brontë: A Passionate Life. Chatto and Windus, 1994.
235

Sojourner Truth: 29 May 1851

Building item
Author event in Sojourner Truth

29 May 1851

ST gave her most famous speech, now known by the catch-phrase Ar'n't I a Woman?, at the Women's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio, USA.
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr, and Nellie Y. McKay, editors. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. Norton, 1997.
198
Mullane, Deirdre, editor. Crossing the Danger Water: Three hundred years of African-American writing. Anchor, 1993.
186

: The Anglican Community of St John the Baptist...

Building item

Ascension day 1851

The Anglican Community of St John the Baptist was established in Clewer, near Windsor.
Anson, Peter F. The Call of the Cloister: Religious Communities and Kindred Bodies in the Anglican Communion. Editor Campbell, A. W., Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1964.
304, 308

Elizabeth Barrett Browning: 31 May 1851

Women writers item

31 May 1851

EBB published her poetic account of the recent events in the Italian Risorgimento in Florence, Casa Guidi Windows: A Poem.
Taplin, Gardner B. The Life of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Yale University Press, 1957.
240

Jessie White Mario: 31 May 1851-28 June 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Jessie White Mario

31 May 1851-28 June 1851

Jessie White (later JWM ) was the probable author of an anonymous, serialized story, Lilly Crossland, apparently one of her many contributions to Eliza Cook's Journal.
Daniels, Elizabeth Adams. Jessie White Mario: Risorgimento Revolutionary. Ohio University Press, 1972.
134n24

Elizabeth Barrett Browning: Summer 1851

Women writers item

Summer 1851

EBB and family travelled through Venice, Padua, Milan, Lucerne (she was awed by the Alps), and Paris on their way to London.
Forster, Margaret. Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography. Grafton, 1990.
247-51

Augusta Ada Byron: June 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Augusta Ada Byron

June 1851

AAB , Countess of Lovelace, discovered that she had cancer of the uterus; it claimed her life by agonising degrees
Hill, Rosemary. “Gogglebook”. London Review of Books, Vol.
40
, No. 12, 21 June 2018, pp. 14-17.
17
the following year.
Stein, Dorothy. Ada: A Life and a Legacy. MIT Press, 1985.
xix

Jane Williams: By summer 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Jane Williams

By summer 1851

JW became a member of the literary circle of Augusta Hall, later Lady Llanover (who is known as a patron of Lady Charlotte Guest and as editor of Mary Delany 's autobiography and correspondence).
Fraser, Maxwell. “Jane Williams (Ysgafell) 1806-1885”. Brycheiniog, Vol.
7
, 1961, pp. 95-114.
102
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under Augusta Hall

Charlotte Maria Tucker : Earlier 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Maria Tucker

Earlier 1851

CMT began regularly visiting the destitute inmates of the Marylebone Workhouse with one of her sisters.
Giberne, Agnes, and W. F. Tucker Hamilton. A Lady of England. Hodder and Stoughton, 1895.
83

Eliza Mary Hamilton: June 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Eliza Mary Hamilton

June 1851

EMH 's poem Poetesses was published posthumously in the Dublin University Magazine.
Blain, Virginia. “Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Eliza Mary Hamilton, and the Genealogy of the Victorian Poetess”. Victorian Poetry, Vol.
33
, No. 1, 1 Mar.–31 May 1995, pp. 31-51.
47 51n37

June 1851: Henry Manning converted to Roman Catholicism...

Building item

June 1851

Henry Manning converted to Roman Catholicism after seeing several of his Oxford colleagues do so; he became a Cardinal fourteen years later and was a strong proponent of the Ultramontanist side of the Roman Catholic...