Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Dora Greenwell: By 23 September 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Dora Greenwell

By 23 September 1848

DG 's first publication appeared under her own name: Poems, containing fourteen pieces in varying genres.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1091 (1848): 956-7
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.

By 23 September 1848: A volume of fourteen Poems by a Sempstress,...

Women writers item

By 23 September 1848

A volume of fourteen Poems by a Sempstress, published by E. L. E., called for just and equal brotherhood.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1091 (1848): 957
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1091 (23 September 1848): 957
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
under Craik
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

Charlotte Brontë: 24 September 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Brontë

24 September 1848

Branwell Brontë died of tuberculosis.
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press, 1994.
567

Mary Cowden Clarke: Autumn 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Cowden Clarke

Autumn 1848

The health of MCC 's mother, Mary Sabilla Novello , began to fail and she moved abroad to Nice (then in Italy, now in the South of France) in hopes of improving it.
Clarke, Mary Cowden. My Long Life. Dodd, Mead, 1896.
140

Christina Rossetti: Autumn 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Christina Rossetti

Autumn 1848

CR became engaged to marry James Collinson , an artist and member of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood .
Battiscombe, Georgina. Christina Rossetti: A Divided Life. Constable, 1981.
47-8
Smulders, Sharon. Christina Rossetti Revisited. Twayne, 1996.
xi
Marsh, Jan. Christina Rossetti: A Writer’s Life. Viking, 1995.
89

Christina Rossetti: October 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Christina Rossetti

October 1848

CR posed as an artists' model for her brother Dante Gabriel 's painting The Girlhood of Mary Virgin. The next year she took on the same role for his Ecce ancilla Domini!
Smulders, Sharon. Christina Rossetti Revisited. Twayne, 1996.
xi
Marsh, Jan. Christina Rossetti: A Writer’s Life. Viking, 1995.
90

Adelaide O'Keeffe: October 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Adelaide O'Keeffe

October 1848

AOK dated the preface to her Poems for young Children, which was published without a date but probably in 1849.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

October 1848-December 1850: Henry Mayhew's eighty-two letters to the...

Building item

October 1848-December 1850

Henry Mayhew 's eighty-two letters to the Morning Chronicle painted a powerful portrait of working-class life and reported widespread prostitution among female slopworkers.
Gagnier, Regenia. Subjectivities: A History of Self-Representation in Britain, 1832-1920. Oxford University Press, 1991.
66

: The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was founded...

Building item

Autumn 1848

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was founded in rebellion against the constraints and techniques of art as practised by the Royal Academy .
Bell, Quentin. Victorian Artists. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967.
31-2, 38
Chilvers, Ian, editor. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists. Oxford University Press, 1990.
373
Maas, Jeremy. Victorian Painters. Barrie and Jenkins, 1978.
15
Marsh, Jan, and Pamela Gerrish Nunn. Women Artists and the Pre-Raphaelite Movement. Virago, 1989.
15
Knight, Joseph, 1829 - 1907. The Life of Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Kennikat Press, 1972.
23

Matilda Hays: 6 October 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Matilda Hays

6 October 1848

At Bath, MH had her debut as an actress playing Juliet opposite Charlotte Cushman .
Merrill, Lisa. When Romeo Was a Woman. University of Michigan Press, 1999.
160

6 October 1848: Imperial troops clashed with Viennese radicals,...

National or international item

6 October 1848

Imperial troops clashed with Viennese radicals, beginning the so-called second revolution.
Deák, István. “Lawful Revolutions and the Many Meanings of Freedom in the Habsburg Monarchy”. Revolution and the Meanings of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century, edited by Isser Woloch, Stanford University Press, 1996, pp. 280-14.
308

Laura Ormiston Chant: 9 October 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Laura Ormiston Chant

9 October 1848

Laura Ormiston Dibbin (later the social purity reformer LOC ) was born at Woolaston (sometimes known as Woollaston) in Gloucestershire (near Chepstow, where her father was then employed).
Donohue, Joseph. Fantasies of Empire: The Empire Theatre of Varieties and the Licensing Controversy of 1894. University of Iowa Press, 2005.
23
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Eliza Dunlop: 11 October 1848

Writing climate item
Author event in Eliza Dunlop

11 October 1848

ED published in the Sydney Morning Herald one of the best remembered of her translations or transliterations of Aboriginal poetry, sometimes titled Pialla Wollombi or Nung Ngnun, each of which in the relevant Aboriginal...

Christina Rossetti: 14 October 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Christina Rossetti

14 October 1848

Seventeen-year-old CR made her public debut with a poem entitled Death's Chill Between in the Athenæum; a second, Heart's Chill Between, appeared a week later. Both bore the initials C. G. R..
Jones, Kathleen. Learning Not to Be First: The Life of Christina Rossetti. Windrush Press, 1991.
32
Rossetti, Christina. The Complete Poems of Christina Rossetti. Editor Crump, Rebecca W., Louisiana State University Press, 1979–1990, 3 vols.
3: 351
Marsh, Jan. Christina Rossetti: A Writer’s Life. Viking, 1995.
88

16 October 1848: Priscilla Lydia Sellon founded the Church...

Building item

16 October 1848

Priscilla Lydia Sellon founded the Church of EnglandSisterhood of Mercy of Devonport and Plymouth in Exeter.
Anson, Peter F. The Call of the Cloister: Religious Communities and Kindred Bodies in the Anglican Communion. Editor Campbell, A. W., Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1964.
239-40, 262

Elizabeth Gaskell: 18 October 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Gaskell

18 October 1848

EG published her innovative story of industrial strife, Mary Barton, anonymously in two volumes. It was positively reviewed but also accused of being too sympathetic towards the the workers.
Uglow, Jennifer S. Elizabeth Gaskell: A Habit of Stories. Faber and Faber, 1993.
188, 617

Elizabeth Gaskell: 21 October 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Gaskell

21 October 1848

The first review of EG 's novel Mary Barton was published in the Athenæum; it was positive, as were later reviews in the Examiner and the Literary Gazette.
qtd. in
Easson, Angus, editor. Elizabeth Gaskell: The Critical Heritage. Routledge, 1991.
62

31 October 1848: 4,000 people were killed in Vienna when the...

National or international item

31 October 1848

4,000 people were killed in Vienna when the Imperial government reconquered the city following what is variously called by historians the second revolution and the third rising.
Hobsbawm, Eric John. The Age of Capital 1848-1875. Abacus, 1975.
27
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
160
Deák, István. “Lawful Revolutions and the Many Meanings of Freedom in the Habsburg Monarchy”. Revolution and the Meanings of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century, edited by Isser Woloch, Stanford University Press, 1996, pp. 280-14.
296-7, 308

Caroline Norton: November 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Caroline Norton

November 1848

CN and George Norton finally executed a legal deed of separation: he did this in exchange for leave to mortgage a trust fund settled on her; she accepted, being desperate for money to visit her...

November 1848-December 1850: William Makepeace Thackeray's autobiographical...

Writing climate item

November 1848-December 1850

William Makepeace Thackeray 's autobiographical novel Pendennis appeared in twenty-four monthly parts, with his own illustrations.
Harden, Edgar F. A Checklist of Contributions by William Makepeace Thackeray to Newspapers, Periodicals, Books, and Serial Part Issues, 1828-1864. English Literary Studies, University of Victoria, 1996.
59-67
Peters, Catherine. Thackeray’s Universe: Shifting Worlds of Imagination and Reality. Oxford University Press, 1987.
194

Julia Kavanagh: By 4 November 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Julia Kavanagh

By 4 November 1848

JK published her biographical novel Madeleine, A Tale of Auvergne.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1097 (1848): 1101

Emily Brontë: 7 November 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Emily Brontë

7 November 1848

In a letter to her publisher, Charlotte Brontë reported with concern that her sister Emily was too ill to write: she had a cough and fever.
Brontë, Charlotte. The Letters of Charlotte Brontë. Editor Smith, Margaret, 1931 -, Clarendon Press, 2000, 3 vols.
2: 138

Elizabeth Gaskell: 8 November 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Gaskell

8 November 1848

Thomas Carlyle (whose words EG had used as an epigraph to Mary Barton) wrote an enthusiastic letter to her, praising her novel, which he said both he and his wife Jane had read with...

Early November 1848: Frederick William IV of Prussia replaced...

National or international item

Early November 1848

Frederick William IV of Prussia replaced his liberal ministers with a conservative government which adjourned the Constituent Assembly.
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
173

Emily Brontë: Early November 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Emily Brontë

Early November 1848

The publishers of Jane Eyre bought up the remaining copies of Poems by Currer , Ellis , and Acton Bell and reissued it.
Allott, Miriam, editor. The Brontës. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974.
9, 64