Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Mary Martha Sherwood: 11 November 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Martha Sherwood

11 November 1848

MMS issued her last book, The Golden Garland of Inestimable Delights, jointly with her daughter Sophia Streeten, later Kelly . It is a novel for children.
Royde-Smith, Naomi, and Denis Dighton. The State of Mind of Mrs. Sherwood. Macmillan, 1946.
198
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1098 (11 November 1848): 1123

Late 1848: Following the death on 18 November of Charles...

Writing climate item

Late 1848

Following the death on 18 November of Charles Heath , engraver and publisher, the annual Heath's Book of Beauty became the Book of Beauty or Royal Gallery; however, it soon ceased publication.
Beetham, Margaret. A Magazine of Her Own?: Domesticity and Desire in the Woman’s Magazine, 1800-1914. Routledge, 1996.
216
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

Elizabeth Rigby: December 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Rigby

December 1848

ER 's now notorious review of Charlotte Brontë 's Jane Eyre appeared anonymously in the Quarterly.
Houghton, Walter E., and Jean Harris Slingerland, editors. The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. University of Toronto Press, 1966–1989, 5 vols.
1: 732

December 1848: Edgar Allan Poe published The Poetic Principle...

Writing climate item

December 1848

Edgar Allan Poe published The Poetic Principle in The Southern Literary Messenger after presenting it as a successful public lecture in Providence earlier in December.
Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1992.
239

December 1848: Arthur Hugh Clough published The Bothie of...

Writing climate item

December 1848

Arthur Hugh Clough published The Bothie of Tober-na-Fuosich, later reprinted as The Bothie of Tober-na Vuolich.
Clough, Arthur Hugh. The Poems of Arthur Hugh Clough. Editor Norrington, Arthur L. P., Oxford University Press, 1968.
vi
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
207

Louisa Stuart Costello: Early December 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Louisa Stuart Costello

Early December 1848

LSC published her governess novel, Clara Fane; or, The Contrasts of a Life; several sources suggest that this work is reflective of her own life.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
Sutherland, John, b. 1938. The Stanford Companion to Victorian Fiction. Stanford University Press, 1989.

2 December 1848: Emperor-King Ferdinand I of Austria abdicated...

National or international item

2 December 1848

Emperor-King Ferdinand I of Austria abdicated in favour of his nephew Francis Joseph .
Deák, István. “Lawful Revolutions and the Many Meanings of Freedom in the Habsburg Monarchy”. Revolution and the Meanings of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century, edited by Isser Woloch, Stanford University Press, 1996, pp. 280-14.
301

Mary Cowden Clarke: 9 December 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Cowden Clarke

9 December 1848

MCC published Kit Bam's Adventures; or, The Yarns of an old mariner, illustrated by George Cruikshank .
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1102 (9 December 1848)

Catherine Crowe: By 9 December 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Catherine Crowe

By 9 December 1848

Pippie's Warning; or, Mind Your Temper appeared: one of several children's stories which CC produced (many of them during the decline of her career, following her bout of insanity).
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1102 (1848): 1236

About 9 December 1848: Thomas Babington Macaulay published the first...

Writing climate item

About 9 December 1848

Thomas Babington Macaulay published the first two volumes of his History of England.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1102 (9 December 1848): 1229-31
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.

10 December 1848: By an overwhelming majority, the French elected...

National or international item

10 December 1848

By an overwhelming majority, the French elected Louis Napoleon (the nephew of the Emperor) under the slogan No more taxes, down with the rich, down with the Republic, long live the Emperor.
Hobsbawm, Eric John. The Age of Capital 1848-1875. Abacus, 1975.
40
Hobsbawm, Eric John. The Age of Capital 1848-1875. Abacus, 1975.
39-40
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
147
Merriman, John M. “Contested Freedoms in the French Revolutions, 1830-1871”. Revolution and the Meanings of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century, edited by Isser Woloch, Stanford University Press, 1996, pp. 173-11.
192

Christina Rossetti: 12 December 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Christina Rossetti

12 December 1848

The recently-engaged CR composed her famous lyric entitled Song, which opens When I am dead, my dearest.
Rossetti, Christina. The Complete Poems of Christina Rossetti. Editor Crump, Rebecca W., Louisiana State University Press, 1979–1990, 3 vols.
1: 253

Emily Brontë: 19 December 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Emily Brontë

19 December 1848

EB died of consumption at the age of thirty, at Haworth in Yorkshire.
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press, 1994.
576

20 December 1848: The New Zealand legislature was opened by...

National or international item

20 December 1848

The New Zealand legislature was opened by the Governor.
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
I: 939-40
Langer, William L., editor. An Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged. 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1968.
935

Eliza Dunlop: After late December 1848

Writing climate item
Author event in Eliza Dunlop

After late December 1848

ED composed another elegy, this one memorializing the explorer E. B. Kennedy , who died at the hands of Aboriginals in the middle of this month.
Dunlop, Eliza. The Aboriginal Mother and Other Poems. Mulini Press, 1981.
no page
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under Kennedy

Mary Carpenter: Christmas Day 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Carpenter

Christmas Day 1848

MC composed a poem which calls on God to Guide me and guard me, lead me and subdue me, / Till I love not aught that centres not in thee.
Carpenter, J. Estlin. The Life and Work of Mary Carpenter. 2nd ed., MacMillan and Co., 1881.
107

Geraldine Jewsbury: Late 1848-autumn 1880

Women writers item
Author event in Geraldine Jewsbury

Late 1848-autumn 1880

GJ contributed anonymous reviews during these years to the Athenæum. By the time of her death she had written 2,300 of them.
Howe, Susanne. Geraldine Jewsbury: Her Life and Errors. George Allen and Unwin, 1935.
95
Fryckstedt, Monica Correa. Geraldine Jewsbury’s Athenaeum Reviews: A Mirror of Mid-Victorian Attitudes to Fiction. S. Academiae Ubsaliensis, 1986.
13
Mitchell, Sally. The Fallen Angel: Chastity, Class and Women’s Reading 1835-1880. Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1981.
186
Shattock, Joanne. The Oxford Guide to British Women Writers. Oxford University Press, 1993.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1105 (30 December 1848): 1320-2

Anna Wheeler: Late 1848

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Wheeler

Late 1848

AW probably died in this year (the same in which her grand-daughter, Emily Bulwer-Lytton , died too at about twenty) or soon afterwards.
The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography suggests that she may have survived...

Sarah Flower Adams: 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Sarah Flower Adams

1849

Poems by SFA on political and social subjects, originally written for the Anti-Corn Law League , were printed in the fourth volume of W. J. Fox 's Lectures Addressed Chiefly to the Working Classes the...

Joanna Baillie: 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Joanna Baillie

1849

JB published her last known separate work, Ahalya Baee . A Poem, about a historical female ruler in India.
Carhart, Margaret S. The Life and Work of Joanna Baillie. Reprint of 1923, Archon Books, 1970.
208
The actual Ahalya Bai was a benevolent ruler who held power from 1765 to 1795.
Thompson, Edward John, and Geoffrey Theodore Garratt. Rise and Fulfillment of British Rule in India. Macmillan, 1934.
180

Aphra Behn: 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Aphra Behn

1849

The German writer Clara Mundt (under the pseudonym Luise Mühlbach) published a three-decker novel entitled Aphra Behn, now rare, and never translated into English.
“Recent Articles”. The Scriblerian and the Kit-Cats, Vol.
44
, No. 2, 1 Mar.–30 Nov. 2012, pp. 3-4.
3-4

Isa Blagden: 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Isa Blagden

1849

IB settled in Florence, where she lived for the rest of her life.
Austin, Alfred, and Isa Blagden. “Memoir”. Poems, William Blackwood and Sons, 1873.
xviii

Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon: 1849

Women writers item

1849

Barbara Leigh Smith, later BLSB , and her aunt Julia Smith enrolled in the new Bedford College for Women.
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
18

Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon: January 1849

Women writers item

January 1849

Barbara Leigh Smith (later BLSB ) read John Stuart Mill 's Principles of Political Economy.
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
18

Mary Boyle: 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Boyle

1849

MB met Charles Dickens ; they became friends, and she subsequently acted in some of his private theatricals.
Ackroyd, Peter. Dickens. HarperCollins, 1990.
576