Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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From Summer 1645: Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army gradually...

National or international item

From Summer 1645

Oliver Cromwell 's New Model Army gradually prevailed against Charles I .
Grun, Bernard. The Timetables of History. 3rd revised, Simon and Schuster, 1991.
292
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2025, 22 vols. plus supplements.
under Cromwell

Alice Thornton: September 1645

Women writers item
Author event in Alice Thornton

September 1645

Catherine, Lady Danby (elder sister of Alice Wandesford, later Thornton ), died at the age of thirty, in giving birth to her sixteenth child.
Graham, Elspeth et al., editors. Her Own Life. Routledge, 1989.
152

Katherine Chidley: 1 November 1645

Women writers item
Author event in Katherine Chidley

1 November 1645

KC published with her initials a broadside entitled Good Counsell, to the Petitioners for Presbyterian Government.
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.

Elizabeth Richardson: By 24 November 1645

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Richardson

By 24 November 1645

The second and third collections of devotional writings by Elizabeth Richardson (Lady Cramond) were published together, re-ordered and revised, with her permission, as A Ladies Legacie to her Daughters.
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.
Leigh, Dorothy et al. Women’s Writing in Stuart England. Editor Brown, Sylvia, Sutton, 1999.
150

Elizabeth Warren: 16 December 1645

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Warren

16 December 1645

EW published The Old and Good Way Vindicated, a pamphlet defending established Puritan practice against the innovations of radicals.
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.

Margaret Cavendish: Early December 1645

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Cavendish

Early December 1645

Margaret Lucas , in Paris, married the exiled monarchist commander William Cavendish, Marquess of Newcastle , a wealthy widower thirty years older than herself.
Marquess is the correct form of this British title. It...

Anne Dacier: Shortly before 24 December 1645

Writing climate item
Author event in Anne Dacier

Shortly before 24 December 1645

Anne Le Fèvre (later Dacier) was born; this was the date of her baptism at the Protestant church at Is-sur-Tille near Dijon.
Many reference sources still (in 2016) give erroneous information about key dates...

Lady Anne Clifford: 1646

Building item
Author event in Lady Anne Clifford

1646

Once her estates were in her hands, LAC commissioned, to tell the story of her inheritance, the Great Picture, a painting which functions like a complex text.
Friedman, Alice T. “Constructing an Identity in Prose, Plaster and Paint: Lady Anne Clifford as Writer and Patron of the Arts”. Albions Classicism. The Visual Arts in Britain 1550-1650, edited by Lucy Gent, Yale University Press, 1995, pp. 359-76.
362

Hannah Wolley: About 1646

Women writers item
Author event in Hannah Wolley

About 1646

HW assumed the name she is known by when she married Jeremy Wolley , probably ten years her senior, headmaster of the grammar school at Newport in Essex.
His name is often given (e.g...

Lady Hester Pulter: About 1646

Women writers item
Author event in Lady Hester Pulter

About 1646

LHP apparently began composing the sixty-seven poems which she eventually had transcribed into an album, together with a separate collection of emblem poems and a prose romance. She gave the poems various titles: the first...

Lucy Hutchinson: 1646

Women writers item
Author event in Lucy Hutchinson

1646

LH and her husband became Baptists : that is, they became convinced that infant baptism is wrong, and that people should be old enough to take the decision for themselves before they were baptised.
Hutchinson, Lucy. Memoirs of the Life of Colonel Hutchinson. Editor Sutherland, James, Oxford University Press, 1973.
169

1646: Sir John Suckling's poetry volume Fragmenta...

Writing climate item

1646

Sir John Suckling 's poetry volume Fragmenta Aurea (Golden Fragments) appeared in print five years after his death.
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.

2 January 1646: According to collector George Thomason, this...

Writing climate item

2 January 1646

According to collector George Thomason , this was the publication date of Poems of Mr. John Milton , both English and Latin. Compos'd at several times, which was dated 1645. It included the paired...

16 January 1646: London Aldermen petitioned Parliament against...

Building item

16 January 1646

London Aldermen petitioned Parliament against the Independent sects on the grounds of their women preaching.
Gillespie, Katharine. “A Hammer in Her Hand: The Separation of Church from State and the Early Feminist Writings of Katherine Chidley”. Tulsa Studies in Women’s Literature, Vol.
17
, No. 2, 1998, pp. 213-33.
216

Rachel Speght: 21 January 1646

Women writers item
Author event in Rachel Speght

21 January 1646

A generation after publishing her poetry, Rachel Procter (formerly RS ) submitted the first of two petitions in connection with her husband 's ejectment from his parish: this one lays claim to one-fifth of his...

Lady Eleanor Douglas: February 1646

Women writers item
Author event in Lady Eleanor Douglas

February 1646

LED , imprisoned in the Gatehouse at Westminster, published her Gatehouse Salutation.
Douglas, Lady Eleanor. Prophetic Writings of Lady Eleanor Davies. Editor Cope, Esther S., Oxford University Press, 1995.
217ff

Anna Trapnel: March 1646

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Trapnel

March 1646

AT wrote her first, brief discourse or devotional essay, which reached print eight years later in A Legacy for Saints.
Trapnel, Anna. A Legacy for Saints. T. Brewster, 1654.
43-7

Probably 14 March 1646: Sir Thomas Browne published his Pseudodoxia...

Writing climate item

Probably 14 March 1646

Sir Thomas Browne published his Pseudodoxia Epidemica, a giant compendium of popular misconceptions and antique thinking,
Hitchings, Henry. “Samuel Johnson and Sir Thomas Browne”. New Rambler, 2004–2005, pp. 46-56.
52
which, paradoxically, perpetuated many of the superstitions it contradicted.
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.
The date is given on what is probably...

5 May 1646: King Charles I surrendered to the Scots Covenanters,...

National or international item

5 May 1646

King Charles I surrendered to the Scots Covenanters , with whom he had been at war for seven years.
Bozman, Ernest Franklin, editor. Everyman’s Encyclopaedia. 4th Edition, J. M. Dent, 1958, 12 vols.
3: 300

Anna Trapnel: June 1646

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Trapnel

June 1646

AT became deathly ill and nearly died of a fever; when her life was despaired of, God made and kept a promise to raise her up in two weeks.
Trapnel, Anna. The Cry of a Stone. 1654.
4
Scott-Luckens, Carola. “Contextual Materials for The Cry of a Stone by Anna Trapnel”. Women Writers Project, Sept. 1999.

Lady Eleanor Douglas: July 1646

Women writers item
Author event in Lady Eleanor Douglas

July 1646

LED was arrested again, this time for debt.
Cope, Esther S. Handmaid of the Holy Spirit: Dame Eleanor Davies, Never Soe Mad a Ladie. University of Michigan Press, 1992.
130-1

Dorothy Osborne: August 1646

Women writers item
Author event in Dorothy Osborne

August 1646

DO first met William Temple , her future husband, while travelling with one of her brothers to meet her father.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Osborne, Dorothy. “Introduction”. The Letters of Dorothy Osborne to William Temple, edited by G. C. Moore Smith, Clarendon Press, 1928, p. ix - li.
xvii, xxi

22 September 1646: The Midwives' Just Complaint, published in...

Building item

22 September 1646

The Midwives' Just Complaint, published in London, called for a cessation of England's civil war because it interrupted procreation and childbirth.
Trager, James. The Women’s Chronology: A Year-by-Year Record, from Prehistory to the Present. Henry Holt, 1994.
144

Before October 1646: Roman Catholic poet Richard Crashaw (1613?-48)...

Writing climate item

Before October 1646

Roman Catholic poet Richard Crashaw (1613?-48) published his Steps to the Temple. Sacred Poems, with other Delights of the Muses.
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.

Martha Moulsworth: Shortly before 28 October 1646

Women writers item
Author event in Martha Moulsworth

Shortly before 28 October 1646

MM died at Hoddesdon in Hertfordshire, about fourteen years after writing her autobiographical poem.
Depas-Orange, Ann. “Moulsworth’s Life and Times”. "The Birthday of my Self": Martha Moulsworth, Renaissance Poet, edited by Ann Depas-Orange and Robert C. Evans, Critical Matrix, 1996, pp. 7-10.
8-9