Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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By 1531: Thomas Moulton, a Dominican monk, published...

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By 1531

Thomas Moulton , a Dominican monk, published his Myrour or Glasse of Helthe, the first book on medicine for lay people. It went through at least seventeen editions in the next fifty years.
Warren, Michael. “A Chronology of State Medicine, Public Health, Welfare and Related Services in Britain: 1066 - 1999”. Michael Warren’s Chronology, 6 Jan. 2003.
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.

1531: Sir Thomas Elyot published The Boke of the...

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1531

Sir Thomas Elyot published The Boke of the Governor, a classic Tudor treatise on education.
Powell, Ken, and Chris Cook. English Historical Facts: 1485-1603. Macmillan, 1977.
153

1532-early 1552: These years saw the gradual appearance of...

Writing climate item

1532-early 1552

These years saw the gradual appearance of the work of scurrilous, obscene, and philosophical satire generally known in English as Gargantua and Pantagruel, by François Rabelais (1483?-?9 April 1553).
Rabelais, François. The Complete Works of François Rabelais. Translator Frame, Donald M., University of California Press, 1991.
xxvii, xxviii, xxix-xxx, xxxii

1532: Five years after the death of Niccolò Machiavelli,...

Writing climate item

1532

Five years after the death of Niccolò Machiavelli , there was published his treatise on political education (generally known in English as The Prince).
Bozman, Ernest Franklin, editor. Everyman’s Encyclopaedia. 4th Edition, J. M. Dent, 1958, 12 vols.

Anne Locke: Probably about 1533

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Locke

Probably about 1533

At this time or a few years earlier Anne Vaughan (later AL ) was born, the eldest of a family that included two daughters and a son.
Morin-Parsons, Kel, and Anne Locke. “Preface, Introduction, Textual Note”. A Meditation of a Penitent Sinner, edited by Kel Morin-Parsons and Kel Morin-Parsons, North Waterloo Academic Press, 1997, pp. 9-40.
18
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Woods, Susanne. “Anne Lock and Aemilia Lanyer: A Tradition of Protestant Women Speaking”. Form and Reform in Renaissance England: Essays in Honor of Barbara Kiefer Lewalski, edited by Amy Boesky and Mary Thomas Crane, University of Delaware Press, 1999, pp. 171-84.
171-2

30 March 1533: On Passion Sunday, two weeks before Easter,...

National or international item

30 March 1533

On Passion Sunday, two weeks before Easter, Thomas Cranmer , a churchman interested in the new ideas of Martin Luther , was consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury.
Bossy, John. “The Skull from Outer Space”. London Review of Books, 20 Feb. 2003, pp. 29-30.
29

12 April 1533: Anne Boleyn, already secretly married to...

National or international item

12 April 1533

Anne Boleyn , already secretly married to Henry VIII , was publicly recognised as his consort in the public celebrations of the end of Lent.
Bossy, John. “The Skull from Outer Space”. London Review of Books, 20 Feb. 2003, pp. 29-30.
29, 30

Queen Elizabeth I: 7 September 1533

Women writers item
Author event in Queen Elizabeth I

7 September 1533

The birth of Princess Elizabeth (later QEI ), at Greenwich, near London, almost nine months after her parents' secret marriage, was a severe blow to both of them because of her sex.
Neale, J. E. Queen Elizabeth. J. Cape, 1934.
13
Guy, John. “The Tudor Age (1485-1603)”. Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, edited by Kenneth O. Morgan, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 223-85.
251

1534: Henry VIII, moving against monastic orders,...

National or international item

1534

Henry VIII , moving against monastic orders, decreed the closure of all convents and their schools.
Lerner, Gerda. The Creation of Feminist Consciousness: From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-Seventy. Oxford University Press, 1993.
199

1534: A sidesman, enforcing the officially approved...

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1534

A sidesman, enforcing the officially approved order of service, removed Certain maidens
Adamson, John William. ’The Illiterate Anglo-Saxon’ and Other Essays on Education, Medieval and Modern. Cambridge University Press, 1946.
44
from church in Langham, a village in East Anglia, for reading matins from an English Primer.
Adamson, John William. ’The Illiterate Anglo-Saxon’ and Other Essays on Education, Medieval and Modern. Cambridge University Press, 1946.
44
Adamson, John William. ’The Illiterate Anglo-Saxon’ and Other Essays on Education, Medieval and Modern. Cambridge University Press, 1946.
44

1534: Henry VIII granted a charter to Cambridge...

Writing climate item

1534

Henry VIII granted a charter to Cambridge University giving the right to set up a printing press: Cambridge University Press , the world's earliest surviving publishing house, printed its first book exactly fifty years later.
Bourne, Stephen. “Introduction to Cambridge University Press”. Cambridge University Press: About the Press.

8 February 1534: Catherine of Aragon wrote a letter to the...

National or international item

8 February 1534

Catherine of Aragon wrote a letter to the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (her nephew), seeking to enlist the support of Pope Clement VII against her husband 's attempts to have their marriage annulled.
Sotheby’s. http://www.sothebys.com.
“Sotheby’s to auction letter from Catherine of Aragon, first wife of Henry VIII”. CBC Diversions, 24 Oct. 2006.
Duffy, Eamon. “The Unlikeliest Loophold”. London Review of Books, Vol.
33
, No. 15, 28 July 2011, pp. 17-18.
17-18

20 April 1534: Elizabeth Barton (often called the Nun—or...

National or international item

20 April 1534

Elizabeth Barton (often called the Nun—or the Fair Maid—of Kent) was executed at Tyburn for seeking the king 's death.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

Margaret Roper: Probably May 1534

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Roper

Probably May 1534

The month after Sir Thomas More was sent to the Tower for refusing to swear obedience to the Act of Succession, MR apparently wrote him a lamentable letter urging him to swear, that is to...

Margaret Roper: August 1534

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Roper

August 1534

Either MR , or her father , or both in concert, wrote to her stepsister Lady Alington , informing her of their debates about the danger More was incurring for the sake of his conscience.
McCutcheon, Elizabeth. “Margaret More Roper: The Learned Woman in Tudor England”. Women Writers of the Renaissance and Reformation, edited by Katharina M. Wilson, University of Georgia Press, 1987, pp. 449-80.
472-5, 477

16 August 1534: St Ignatius Loyola, then an officer of Ferdinand...

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16 August 1534

St Ignatius Loyola , then an officer of Ferdinand V of Spain , laid the foundation (at Paris) for the Jesuits , also known as the Society of Jesus or the Order of Jesus.
Haydn, Joseph. Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information. Editor Vincent, Benjamin, 23rd ed., Ward, Lock, 1904.
696-7

November 1534: The Act of Supremacy declared the monarch,...

National or international item

November 1534

The Act of Supremacy declared the monarch, not the Pope , head of the Church of England.
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.
4: 312
Guy, John. “The Tudor Age (1485-1603)”. Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, edited by Kenneth O. Morgan, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 223-85.
245-7
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
146

1535: Royal injunctions by Henry VIII suppressed...

Writing climate item

1535

Royal injunctions by Henry VIII suppressed the study of canon law in universities, encouraging instead the study of classical Greek, Latin and Hebrew, mathematics and medicine.
Warren, Michael. “A Chronology of State Medicine, Public Health, Welfare and Related Services in Britain: 1066 - 1999”. Michael Warren’s Chronology, 6 Jan. 2003.

Margaret Roper: 4 May 1535

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Roper

4 May 1535

MR and her father together watched from the Tower of London, where More was imprisoned, as five priests (one a personal friend) were tied to hurdles on which they would be dragged to the...

Margaret Roper: 6 July 1535

National or international item
Author event in Margaret Roper

6 July 1535

Sir Thomas More , MR 's father, was beheaded (the sentence commuted from hanging because of the high office he had held), and his severed head displayed on a spike on Tower Bridge as that...

4 October 1535: Miles Coverdale published at Antwerp the...

National or international item

4 October 1535

Miles Coverdale published at Antwerp the first translation of the complete Bible into English, done by himself and William Tyndale .
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
ODNB under Coverdale

1536: John Calvin, who became the single greatest...

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1536

John Calvin , who became the single greatest influence on the Reform movement, published The Institutes of the Christian Religion.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Kernohan, Robert Deans. Our Church: A Guide to the Kirk of Scotland. Saint Andrew, 1985.
12

1536: Henry VIII ordered the dissolution of the...

National or international item

1536

Henry VIII ordered the dissolution of the monasteries in England and Wales; 560 institutions were suppressed by November 1539.
Guy, John. “The Tudor Age (1485-1603)”. Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, edited by Kenneth O. Morgan, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 223-85.
248-9

1536: In an early example of legislation on poverty,...

Building item

1536

In an early example of legislation on poverty, an Act directed town officials to employ the able-bodied poor, while collecting charity as relief for those incapable of working.
Bozman, Ernest Franklin, editor. Everyman’s Encyclopaedia. 4th Edition, J. M. Dent, 1958, 12 vols.
10: 140-2

19 May 1536: Anne Boleyn, mother of the future Queen Elizabeth,...

National or international item

19 May 1536

Anne Boleyn , mother of the future Queen Elizabeth , was executed in London for alleged high treason.
Guy, John. “The Tudor Age (1485-1603)”. Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, edited by Kenneth O. Morgan, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 223-85.
251