Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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October 1536: The Pilgrimage of Grace, a major armed rebellion...

National or international item

October 1536

The Pilgrimage of Grace, a major armed rebellion against Henry VIII 's religious reforms and dissolution of monasteries and convents (in effect, against the birth of the Church of England ), spread across the...

Katherine Parr: January 1537

National or international item
Author event in Katherine Parr

January 1537

During the rebellion known as the Pilgrimage of Grace, hostile rebels ransacked the Latimer stronghold, Snape Castle in Yorkshire, where KP (then Lady Latimer) was left unprotected with her stepchildren.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Bowden, Caroline. “Review of Susan E. James Kateryn Parr: The Making of a Queen 1999”. Womens Writing, Vol.
8
, No. 2, 2001, pp. 334-6.
334

Lady Jane Lumley: About 1537

Women writers item
Author event in Lady Jane Lumley

About 1537

Lady Jane Fitzalan (later LJL ) was born, the eldest in a family of three.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

1537: François I issued an ordinance requiring...

Writing climate item

1537

François I issued an ordinance requiring publishers throughout France to deposit a copy of every new book published in the Royal Library at Blois.
Barnard, John. “Politics, Profits and ?Idealism: John Norton, The Stationers’ Company and Sir Thomas Bodley”. Bodleian Library Record, Vol.
xvii
, No. 6, Oct. 2002, pp. 385-30.
387

29 May 1537: Pope Paul III issued a Bull that classified...

National or international item

29 May 1537

Pope Paul III issued a Bull that classified American Indians as men, not brutes.
“Sublimus Dei”. New Advent.
New Catholic Encyclopedia. McGraw-Hill, 1967, 18 vols.
under Racism

1538: The Privy Council first began licensing books...

Writing climate item

1538

The Privy Council first began licensing books for print.
Sedley, Stephen. “After Leveson”. London Review of Books, Vol.
35
, No. 7, 11 Apr. 2013, p. 16.

1538: Royal Injunctions appeared: a radical, Erasmian...

Building item

1538

Royal Injunctions appeared: a radical, Erasmian document whose first provision was that an English bible should be made available in every parish church.
Powell, Ken, and Chris Cook. English Historical Facts: 1485-1603. Macmillan, 1977.
111
MacCulloch, Diarmaid. “How good is it?”. London Review of Books, Vol.
33
, No. 3, 3 Feb. 2011, pp. 20-2.
20-1
Smyth, Adam. “23153.8; 19897.7; 15635”. London Review of Books, Vol.
37
, No. 16, 27 Aug. 2015, pp. 37-9.
38

1538: The first step was taken towards parish registers...

Building item

1538

The first step was taken towards parish registers and population records when Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex , ordered priests in every parish to keep a weekly record of baptisms, marriages, and deaths occurring within...

1539: Juan de Zumárraga, Bishop of Mexico, destroyer...

Writing climate item

1539

Juan de Zumárraga , Bishop of Mexico, destroyer of thousands of native manuscripts (documents of the Aztec, Maya, and Olmec civilizations), set up in Mexico City the first printing press in the Americas.
Manguel, Alberto. “Cities Built on Books”. The London Library Magazine, No. 30, 1 Dec.–28 Feb. 2015, pp. 22-5.
23

1539-1843: During these centuries the proportion of...

Building item

1539-1843

During these centuries the proportion of the British population over the age of sixty did not exceed 9.7%.
Dingwall, Robert et al. An Introduction to the Social History of Nursing. Routledge, 1988.
8

12 July 1539: With Henry VIII's personal support, an Act...

National or international item

12 July 1539

With Henry VIII 's personal support, an Act came into force establishing Six Articles of Religion for the Church in England (still at this date the Catholic Church ) to subscribe to.
Ridley, Jasper. Henry VIII. Constable, 1984.
329-31

After 12 July 1539: Following the Six Articles Act, a bill to...

National or international item

After 12 July 1539

Following the Six Articles Act, a bill to suppress the few remaining monasteries or convents passed through Parliament almost unnoticed.
Ridley, Jasper. Henry VIII. Constable, 1984.
331

Elizabeth Oxenbridge, Lady Tyrwhit : By 4 August 1539

Women writers item

By 4 August 1539

Sometime after March 1538 and before this date Elizabeth Oxenbridge was married to Robert Tyrwhit (later Sir Robert) , as his second wife.
Tyrwhit, Elizabeth Oxenbridge, Lady. “Introduction”. Elizabeth Tyrwhit’s Morning and Evening Prayers, edited by Susan M. Felch, Ashgate, 2008, pp. 1-51.
3
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

1540: The Statute of Wills allowed landowners for...

National or international item

1540

The Statute of Wills allowed landowners for the first time to designate heirs in their wills to their landed property.
Spring, Eileen. Law, Land, and Family. University of North Carolina Press, 1993.
26

About 1540: Robert Crowley published two conduct manuals:...

Building item

About 1540

Robert Crowley published two conduct manuals: Of Nice Wyves and The Woman' s Lesson.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

1540: Robert Jonas translated and published The...

Building item

1540

Robert Jonas translated and published The Birth of Mankind, the earliest in a long line of popular books in English about human reproduction.
Hobby, Elaine. “’Some Things more Material to be Known’: Reading Some Books for the Recovery Project”. Expanding the Canon of Early Modern Women’s Writing, edited by Paul Salzman, Cambridge Scholars Press, 2010, pp. 12-32.
13

1540: Henry VIII amalgamated the companies of surgeons...

Building item

1540

Henry VIII amalgamated the companies of surgeons and barbers as the Company of Barber-Surgeons .
“History of the College”. The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

Probably 1540: Sir Thomas Elyot's The Defence of Good Women...

Building item

Probably 1540

Sir Thomas Elyot 's The Defence of Good Women was published. Its date has provoked disagreement, but 1540 is now generally preferred to 1545.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

27 September 1540: A Papal Bull officially established the Order...

Building item

27 September 1540

A Papal Bull officially established the Order of the Jesuits at a maximum of sixty members.
Haydn, Joseph. Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information. Editor Vincent, Benjamin, 23rd ed., Ward, Lock, 1904.
697

Anne Askew: By 1541

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Askew

By 1541

AA was married (against her will, to save the moneye set aside for the dowry)
Askew, Anne. The Examinations of Anne Askew. Editor Beilin, Elaine V., Oxford University Press, 1996.
92
to Thomas Kyme . He had been engaged to her sister Martha, who then died.
Wilson, Derek. A Tudor Tapestry: Men, Women and Society in Reformation England. Heinemann, 1972.
159-60

1541: An attack on women appeared, entitled The...

Writing climate item

1541

An attack on women appeared, entitled The Schole House of Women and probably written by Edward Gosynhyll .
Buchanan, Dave. Augustan Women’s Verse Satire. University of Alberta, 1998.
60n4
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2025, 22 vols. plus supplements.
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.

1542: David Clapham translated Henry Cornelius...

Writing climate item

1542

David Clapham translated Henry Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim 's treatise De Nobilitate et praecellentia foeminei sexus, 1529, as Treatise on the Nobility of Womankind.
The Origins of Modern Feminism, 1567-1876. Quaritch, 1998.
Catalogue No. 2
Nettesheim, Henry Cornelius Agrippa von. Declamation on the Nobility and Preeminence of the Female Sex. Translator Rabil, Albert, University of Chicago Press, 1996.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2025, 22 vols. plus supplements.

Probably 1542: Edward Gosynhyll followed his recent attack...

Writing climate item

Probably 1542

Edward Gosynhyll followed his recent attack on women with a work on the other side of the debate: The Prayse of all Women, called Mulierum pean.
Buchanan, Dave. Augustan Women’s Verse Satire. University of Alberta, 1998.
60n4
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

1542 - March 1736: Witchcraft was a criminal offence in England:...

Building item

1542 - March 1736

Witchcraft was a criminal offence in England: around five hundred people were found guilty of it and punished with death (by hanging, not burning); four times that number stood trial.
Wootton, David. “Brutish Babies”. London Review of Books, 11 Nov. 1999, pp. 34-35.
34

21 July 1542: Pope Paul III revived the medieval inquisition...

Building item

21 July 1542

Pope Paul III revived the medieval inquisition to counter the threat posed to Roman Catholicism by the new Protestant thinking of Martin Luther and John Calvin .
Cristianità. http://www.alleanzacattolica.org/.
Bozman, Ernest Franklin, editor. Everyman’s Encyclopaedia. 4th Edition, J. M. Dent, 1958, 12 vols.