AC 's studies, driven by her own interests and the desire better to understand her health problems, embraced religion, philosophy, the natural philosophy which we now call scientific principle, and the practice of medicine. She was unusual in her scholarly interest in Judaism and in the body of Jewish mystical thought which is called the Kabbalah. This last subject had recently given rise both to a Christian form of kabbalism and to rumours of the coming of a Jewish Messiah (fuelled by the career of that Sabbatai Zevi about whom Bernice Rubens centuries later published a novel).

For five years from May 1849, EC 's time was very much taken up with producing her popular weekly Eliza Cook's Journal, initially with the involvement in this project of her friend the actress Charlotte Cushman .

MSC was responsible for her children's education, particularly in religion, grammar, and history, during their early years.

HC and her sister were jointly running a school at Stoke Newington, London.

WJC became Professor of Poetry at Oxford and was responsible for finishing an important edition of Alexander Pope which had been begun by Whitwell Elwin . As an editor he tended to read Pope's later poems as coded autobiography, which had at least the merit of challenging a prevalent view of Pope as causelessly malignant, even while it did no good to the reputation of women writers attacked by Pope.

He began writing poetry early, and also served as secretary to a diplomat and perhaps as a royalist spy during the English Civil War. He later felt that the royal family, that is Charles II , had not rewarded him adequately.

Here she devoted herself to creating a garden beside the River Exe. By late 1801 she had been a little extravagant in my furniture and garden, and hoped to be still further extravagant.

As a moderately rich widow she launched with gusto on a career of charitable giving (traditionally expected of pious widows). She set up charity schools and was a generous donor to the recently founded Society for the Propagation of the Gospel .

By the time she reached adolescence Dinah Mulock was helping her mother in the operation of her school, where among other things she taught Latin.

Her writing career apparently dates from about the time of her move. She later became a dedicated philanthropist to the poor.

She may have worked as a governess at various points in her life, and taught or assisted at Lewisham Hill Grammar School.

BMC 's accepted status as a writer is marked both by her membership of the Writers' Club and the Sesame Club , and by the visit at Bray in 1896 from Helen Black , to write a descriptive and biographical piece about her.

JWC became a lawyer, (moving from Ireland to London after the Act of Union) a Tory MP, an editor of several eighteenth-century texts (including letters by Lady Hervey and by Henrietta Howard, Lady Suffolk ), and a notorious Quarterly Review contributor. His writing was deeply influenced by his conservative politics and his rigid Anglican ism. The harshness of some of his reviews is legendary: those, for example, on John Keats , Anna Letitia Barbauld , Frances Burney , Sydney Morgan , and (implicitly, in her capacity as editor) Lady Louisa Stuart . When he set out to cut a woman writer down to size, he often used her gender as the basis of his attack, just as he had turned Keats's presumed lower-class status against him. On the other hand Elizabeth Rigby 's Lady Travellers, which appeared, also in the Quarterly, in June 1845, was said to be the only writing apart from his own that he had ever praised.

Camilla Toulmin (later CC ) stopped attending school in her early teens, in order to help support her mother and brother .

Curll was apprenticed sometime around 1697 to 1699, and set up in business for himself by early 1706. He became a particularly agile entrepreneur with a nose for new market niches and an absence of moral scruple. He also held auctions of books, sold patent medicines at his shop, and published works on smallpox and venereal disease. He was known for publishing pornography (often misogynist), inaccurate statements, deliberately false attributions, and material acquired against the wishes of the author. He also published religious works, and respectable authors like the poet Matthew Prior ; but it was probably his perception of the publicity value of female names which led him to publish work by a number of serious women writers, like Jane Barker , Susanna Centlivre , the mysterious, Irish Sarah Butler , and (without authority) the pious Elizabeth Singer Rowe . His recent biographers call him an eccentric outsider in the world of publishing.

He fought on horseback in the Florentine military forces and took part in the battle of Campaldino on 11 June 1289. From 6 July 1295 onwards, he spoke in the deliberations of the General Council of Florence. He held various civic offices in a turbulent period of warfare among Italian cities and among ruling families, and on 27 January 1302 was sentenced by the Valois faction to a heavy fine and being banned from public life. He was also exiled from Florence, on pain of death if he returned, and had to leave his wife and four children behind him.

Prevented by her eyesight from pursuing a career in art, she turned to writing, setting out with stories for magazines. Her low output has been attributed to her being indolent or a procrastinator or both. Evelyn Sharp related that John Lane once locked her into a room to force her to complete a Yellow Book story, but this is probably apocryphal, since the same story has been told of others. More likely it was personal traits (a combination of high standards, perfectionism, and hypersensitivity to rejection) that kept her output slender.

Early in his career, CD received praise for his work as a geologist, but as a naturalist he achieved fame—after he had undertaken a scientific expedition to South America and especially the Galapagos Islands—for proposing the theory of natural selection in his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection; or, The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. His evolutionary theory completely altered the natural sciences and offered a new paradigm for change that had an immense impact on writers such as George Eliot and Mathilde Blind . In later years, social Darwinism purported to apply the theories of CD about the propagation of living creatures to the historical and cultural changes evident in human society.

Mary Whateley (later MWD ) went, against her will, to keep house for her attorney brother Henry at Walsall, Staffordshire.