Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Some time between 1642 and 1648: The ballad The Valiant Commander, with his...

Building item

Some time between 1642 and 1648

The ballad The Valiant Commander, with his Resolute Lady related the story of a royalist woman who insisted on fighting though her husband urged her to flee.
Dugaw, Dianne. Warrior Women and Popular Balladry 1650-1850. Cambridge University Press, 1989.
45-7

2 September 1642: A couple of weeks into the first English...

Building item

2 September 1642

A couple of weeks into the first English Civil War, a Puritan-dominated Parliament issued an edict closing the London theatres.
Borne Back Daily. 2001, http://borneback.com/ .
2 September 2008

23 October 1642: Royalist forces won a battle at Edgehill...

National or international item

23 October 1642

Royalist forces won a battle at Edgehill in Warwickshire: the first pitched battle of the Civil War.
Cope, Esther S. Handmaid of the Holy Spirit: Dame Eleanor Davies, Never Soe Mad a Ladie. University of Michigan Press, 1992.
106-7
Like the massacres in Ulster the previous year, this event was seen by Lady Eleanor Douglas

November 1642: After winning the first battle of Edgehill,...

National or international item

November 1642

After winning the first battle of Edgehill, Charles I 's forces marched on London, but instead of attacking the city's strong and still increasing fortifications they then retreated to Oxford.
Purkiss, Diane. The English Civil War, A People’s History. Harper Perennial, 2007.
191-5, 275-6

Late November 1642: Abel Tasman sighted the lands which later...

National or international item

Late November 1642

Abel Tasman sighted the lands which later became Tasmania and New Zealand; a national park is now named after him.
Grun, Bernard. The Timetables of History. 3rd revised, Simon and Schuster, 1991.
291
Abel Tasman. http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20080423094744/http://www.muffley.net/pacific/dutch/tasman.htm.

Sir Isaac Newton: 25 December 1642

Writing climate item
Author event in Sir Isaac Newton

25 December 1642

Isaac Newton , natural philosopher (that is, scientist) and mathematician, was born at Woolsthorpe near Grantham in Lincolnshire, the only child of a father who died before he was born.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Mary Ward: Early 1643

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Ward

Early 1643

MW and her companions moved from isolated Hutton Rudby to Hewarth, just a mile from York.
Chambers gives this date as a year later.
Peters, Henriette. Mary Ward: A World in Contemplation. Translator Butterworth, Helen, Gracewing Books, 1994.
609

1643: Ann Radcliffe (no relation of the later novelist)...

Building item

1643

Ann Radcliffe (no relation of the later novelist) founded the first scholarship at Harvard College in Newtown in Massachusetts, New England (which had begun as a seminary in 1636).
Trager, James. The Women’s Chronology: A Year-by-Year Record, from Prehistory to the Present. Henry Holt, 1994.
141

1643: The Italian scientist Evangelista Torricelli,...

Building item

1643

The Italian scientist Evangelista Torricelli , a pupil of Galileo working on the flow of liquids in confined spaces, invented the first simple barometer.
Steele, Sir Richard, and Joseph Addison, editors. The Guardian. J. Tonson.
(19 August 1999): G2: 16
Sobel, Dava. Galileo’s Daughter. Viking, 1999.
223n

1643: Mrs Perwich founded an academy for girls...

Building item

1643

Mrs Perwich founded an academy for girls in Hackney.
Smith, Hilda L. Reason’s Disciples: Seventeenth-Century English Feminists. University of Illinois Press, 1982.
24
Reynolds, Myra. The Learned Lady in England, 1650-1760. Houghton Mifflin, 1920.
42

By 1643: Arcangela Tarabotti (a Venetian, eldest of...

Writing climate item

By 1643

Arcangela Tarabotti (a Venetian, eldest of nine sisters, who had been placed in a convent at an early age) was circulating in manuscript what became her best-known work, La Tirannia paterna or Paternal Tyranny.
Disse, Dorothy. “Arcangela Tarabotti”. Other Women’s Voices.

Dorothy Osborne: By March 1643

Women writers item
Author event in Dorothy Osborne

By March 1643

Early in this year of fierce Civil War fighting DO 's mother moved with her children from Chicksands in Bedfordshire to the fortified port of St Malo in Brittany, France.
Osborne, Dorothy. “Introduction”. The Letters of Dorothy Osborne to William Temple, edited by G. C. Moore Smith, Clarendon Press, 1928, p. ix - li.
xiii-xiv

30 March 1643: An altarpiece by Rubens in Henrietta Maria's...

Building item

30 March 1643

An altarpiece by Rubens in Henrietta Maria 's Roman Catholic chapel in Somerset House, London (his only depiction of Christ on the cross), was destroyed by iconoclasts.
Purkiss, Diane. The English Civil War, A People’s History. Harper Perennial, 2007.
244-6

Lady Eleanor Douglas: 14 April 1643

Women writers item
Author event in Lady Eleanor Douglas

14 April 1643

LED dated her Samsons Legacie; it is now seen as a unity with her appeal to Parliament dated 3 January 1642.
Douglas, Lady Eleanor. Prophetic Writings of Lady Eleanor Davies. Editor Cope, Esther S., Oxford University Press, 1995.
85ff

2 May 1643: The medieval cross in Cheapside, a work of...

Building item

2 May 1643

The medieval cross in Cheapside, a work of art and a landmark (where seditious or heretical books were formerly burned and their authors punished), was demolished.
Purkiss, Diane. The English Civil War, A People’s History. Harper Perennial, 2007.
208, 203

14 May 1643: Louis XIII of France died, and was succeeded...

National or international item

14 May 1643

Louis XIII of France died, and was succeeded by his four-year-old son as Louis XIV .
Encyclopædia Britannica Online. http://www.britannica.com/.
Bozman, Ernest Franklin, editor. Everyman’s Encyclopaedia. 4th Edition, J. M. Dent, 1958, 12 vols.
under Anne of Austria

June 1643: The Long Parliament took a decisive step...

Writing climate item

June 1643

The Long Parliament took a decisive step towards re-establishing government control over printing: a Licensing Order was enacted to take over the censorship function formerly exercised by the Court of the Star Chamber and relinquished...

Mary Carey: 8 June 1643

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Carey

8 June 1643

Within a few months of her first husband 's death, MC married a second husband: George Payler , general and Paymaster in the Parliamentary army.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Greer, Germaine et al., editors. Kissing the Rod. Virago, 1988.
155

By June 1643: The Westminster Assembly was set up by the...

Writing climate item

By June 1643

The Westminster Assembly was set up by the Long Parliament to reform the English Church .
Cannon, John, editor. The Oxford Companion to British History. Revised edition, Oxford University Press, 2002.
977
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under Theodore Bathurst

Brilliana, Lady Harley: 30 June 1643

Women writers item
Author event in Brilliana, Lady Harley

30 June 1643

With an attack on her castle now expected, Brilliana, Lady Harley , wrote to her army-officer son Edward , I am confident you will hate all plundering and unmercifullness.
Harley, Brilliana, Lady. Letters of the Lady Brilliana Harley. Editor Lewis, Thomas Taylor, Camden Society, 1854.
206

1 August 1643: Milton published The Doctrine and Discipline...

Building item

1 August 1643

Milton published The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce, a pamphlet arguing that divorce ought to be easier (for a husband).
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under Milton

8 August 1643: A women's peace petition was laid before...

National or international item

8 August 1643

A women's peace petition was laid before parliament , an early example among many grassroots protests against the Civil War and its effect on ordinary lives.
Purkiss, Diane. The English Civil War, A People’s History. Harper Perennial, 2007.
280-1

Brilliana, Lady Harley: 25 August 1643

Women writers item
Author event in Brilliana, Lady Harley

25 August 1643

Brilliana, Lady Harley , wrote to her son that she was actually under siege at Brampton Bryan Castle: the gentillmen of this cuntry have affected theair desires in bringing an army against me.
Harley, Brilliana, Lady. Letters of the Lady Brilliana Harley. Editor Lewis, Thomas Taylor, Camden Society, 1854.
207

September 1643: Parliament entered into the Solemn League...

National or international item

September 1643

Parliament entered into the Solemn League and Covenant with the Scots, which committed them to accepting the reformed religion (i.e. Presbyterianism ) in Scotland and establishing it in England.
Cope, Esther S. Handmaid of the Holy Spirit: Dame Eleanor Davies, Never Soe Mad a Ladie. University of Michigan Press, 1992.
112-3
Purkiss, Diane. The English Civil War, A People’s History. Harper Perennial, 2007.
233

Dorothy Sidney, Countess of Sunderland: 20 September 1643

Women writers item

20 September 1643

Lord Sunderland , DSCS 's husband, was killed at the first battle of Newbury, fighting on the royalist side.
Ady, Julia Cartwright. Sacharissa. 3rd ed., Seeley, 1901.
100-1
Akkerman, Nadine N. W. “A Triptych of Dorothy Percy Sidney (1598-1659), Countess of Leicester, Lucy Percy Hay (1599-1660), Countess of Carlisle, and Dorothy Sidney Spencer (1617-1684), Countess of Sunderland”. The Ashgate Research Companion to the Sidneys, 1500-1700 Volume 1: Lives, edited by Margaret P. Hannay et al., Ashgate, 2015.
145-6