Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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7 October 1571: At the battle of Lepanto on the Gulf of Corinth,...

National or international item

7 October 1571

At the battle of Lepanto on the Gulf of Corinth, Turkish or Muslim sea power was crushed by Venetian and Spanish forces commanded by Don John of Austria .
Bozman, Ernest Franklin, editor. Everyman’s Encyclopaedia. 4th Edition, J. M. Dent, 1958, 12 vols.

Elizabeth Oxenbridge, Lady Tyrwhit : January 1572

Women writers item

January 1572

Someone appended this date to the only known writing in Elizabeth Tyrwhit 's own hand: a note apparently written to accompany the gift or legacy of a handsome, illuminated manuscript of Wycliffe 's Bible translation...

Anne Locke: 1572

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Locke

1572

In the year of her second marriage AL (probably by now Anne Dering) addressed a four-line Latin poem to Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester , clearly as a channel to the queen .
Felch, Susan M., and Anne Locke. “Introduction”. Collected Works, edited by Susan M. Felch and Susan M. Felch, Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies in conjunction with the Renaissance English Text Society, 1999, p. i - xc.
lviii-lix
Felch, Susan M. “’Noble Gentlewomen famous for their learning’: The London Circle of Anne Vaughan Lock”. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes, and Reviews, Vol.
16
, No. 2, 1 Mar. 2003, pp. 14-19.
16

Mary Basset: 20 March 1572

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Basset

20 March 1572

MB died in London at not yet fifty.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Elizabeth Oxenbridge, Lady Tyrwhit : By June 1572

Women writers item

By June 1572

Sir Robert Tyrwhit , husband of Elizabeth Tyrwhit , died, having made his will the previous month.
Tyrwhit, Elizabeth Oxenbridge, Lady. “Introduction”. Elizabeth Tyrwhit’s Morning and Evening Prayers, edited by Susan M. Felch, Ashgate, 2008, pp. 1-51.
16, n74

John Donne: By 19 June 1572

Writing climate item
Author event in John Donne

By 19 June 1572

JD , poet and churchman, was born in London in the parish of St Olave during the months leading up to this date. He was the third in a family of at least six children.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

After 24 August 1572: The St Bartholomew's Eve massacre in France...

National or international item

After 24 August 1572

The St Bartholomew's Eve massacre in France brought an influx of skilled Protestant refugees to England.
McIntyre, Ian. Garrick. Penguin, 1999.
7
Brewer, E. Cobham. The Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Avenel Books, 1978.

Rose Hickman : 1573

Women writers item
Author event in Rose Hickman

1573

Anthony Hickman , husband of RH , died after thirty years of marriage.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Isabella Whitney: Harvest-time 1573

Women writers item
Author event in Isabella Whitney

Harvest-time 1573

IW was ill; she used her confinement indoors for reading and preparing a book.
Whitney, Isabella. A Sweet Nosegay, or Pleasant Posy. Editor Students of Sara Jayne Steen, An Academic Edition, Montana State University, 1 Sept.–30 Nov. 1995.
3

Isabella Whitney: 20 October 1573

Women writers item
Author event in Isabella Whitney

20 October 1573

IW wrote her longest poem, The Manner of her Will, and what she left to London: and to all those in it: at her departing, printed in her A Sweet Nosgay, Or Pleasant Posye.
Whitney, Isabella. A Sweet Nosegay, or Pleasant Posy. Editor Students of Sara Jayne Steen, An Academic Edition, Montana State University, 1 Sept.–30 Nov. 1995.
53, 45

Isabella Whitney: 10 December 1573

Women writers item
Author event in Isabella Whitney

10 December 1573

IW dated the dedication of A Sweet Nosgay [sic], Or Pleasant Posye Contayning a Hundred and Ten Phylosophicall Flowers.
The 1995 edition confuses this date with IW 's date in Her Will.
Whitney, Isabella. A Sweet Nosgay, Or Pleasant Posye. 1st ed., Richard Jones, 1573.
title page

Elizabeth Oxenbridge, Lady Tyrwhit : 1574

Women writers item

1574

Elizabeth Tyrwhit 's devotional collection Morning and Evening Praiers, with divers Psalms, Himnes and Meditations was printed in miniature size.
Tyrwhit, Elizabeth Oxenbridge, Lady. “Introduction”. Elizabeth Tyrwhit’s Morning and Evening Prayers, edited by Susan M. Felch, Ashgate, 2008, pp. 1-51.
16-17, 74

Elizabeth Clinton, Countess of Lincoln: Probably 1574

Women writers item

Probably 1574

Elizabeth Knyvett, later Countess of Lincoln , was born.
Todd, Janet, editor. Dictionary of British Women Writers. Routledge, 1989.
420
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Anne, Lady Southwell : Before 22 August 1574

Women writers item
Author event in Anne, Lady Southwell

Before 22 August 1574

Anne Harris (later ALS ) was born at Cornworthy Priory in Devon, the eldest in a family of four. This was the day of her baptism in Cornworthy church.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Hasler, P. W., editor. “The House of Commons 1558-1603”. The History of Parliament, 1981.

Elizabeth Melvill: About 1575

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Melvill

About 1575

Submissions to the International Genealogical Index put EM 's birth at this time, but probably they are highly speculative; recent scholarship suggests a few years later.
“FamilySearch Internet Genealogy Service”. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Baxter, Jamie Reid. “Elizabeth Melville, Lady Culross: new light from Fife”. The Innes Review, Vol.
68
, No. 1, May 2017, pp. 38-77.
38n1

1575: The University of Leiden was founded as a...

Building item

1575

The University of Leiden was founded as a centre of Protestant learning (as were a number of new Oxford and Cambridge colleges at about this time, with the same religio-political agenda).
Trim, David J. B. “Sir Thomas Bodley and the International Protestant Cause”. Bodleian Library Record, Vol.
xvi
, No. 4, 1998, pp. 314-40.
318

1575: The very early comedy Gammer Gurtons Nedle,...

Writing climate item

1575

The very early comedy Gammer Gurtons Nedle, by Mr S., M[aste]r of Art (William Stevenson ), was printed by Thomas Colwell .
Still, John et al. Gammar Gurtons Nedle. Editor Brett-Smith, H. F. B., Basil Blackwell, 1939.
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.

Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke: February 1575

Women writers item

February 1575

Ambrosia, last surviving sister of Mary Sidney (later Countess of Pembroke) , died, leaving her the only girl in her family.
Hannay, Margaret P. Philip’s Phoenix: Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke. Oxford University Press, 1990, http://U of A HSS.
31-2

9-27 July 1575: Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, favourite...

National or international item

9-27 July 1575

Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester , favourite of Queen Elizabeth , threw a particularly magnificent entertainment for her at Kenilworth Castle in Warwickshire.
Lee, Sophia. The Recess. Editor Alliston, April, University Press of Kentucky, 2000.
345n14

Lady Arbella Stuart: Probably October 1575

Women writers item
Author event in Lady Arbella Stuart

Probably October 1575

LAS was born, under the displeasure of Queen Elizabeth . Her most likely birthplace is Lennox House in Hackney (now part of London).
Stuart, Lady Arbella. “Introduction and Textual Introduction”. The Letters of Lady Arbella Stuart, edited by Sara Jayne Steen et al., Oxford University Press, 1994, pp. 1-113.
14
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Frances Neville, Baroness Abergavenny: About September 1576

Women writers item

About September 1576

Frances Neville, Baroness Abergavenny , died, having entrusted her collection of prayers to her daughter on her deathbed.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

Anne Locke: 1576

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Locke

1576

James Sanford in Houres of Recreation praised present-day noble Gentlewomen famous for their learning (including three of theCookesisters and Anne Dering, formerly Locke ) as equalling famous Greek and Roman women.
Felch, Susan M. “’Noble Gentlewomen famous for their learning’: The London Circle of Anne Vaughan Lock”. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes, and Reviews, Vol.
16
, No. 2, 1 Mar. 2003, pp. 14-19.
15, 14

1576: James Burbage set up The Theatre in Finsbury...

Building item

1576

James Burbage set up The Theatre in Finsbury Fields, London; it was the first building in England custom-built for performances of plays.
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Literature. Clarendon Press, 1954.

27 August 1576: Titian died in Venice after living around...

Building item

27 August 1576

Titian died in Venice after living around ninety years; he was the most prominent of the painters later called the Venetian school.
Titian (Tiziano Vecellio). http://www.boglewood.com/cornaro/xtitian.html.

Elizabeth Oxenbridge, Lady Tyrwhit : 1577

Women writers item

1577

John Feilde or Field , a London clergyman, dedicated to Elizabeth Tyrwhit his Excellent Treatise of Christian Righteousnes, a reformist, Protestant text translated from the French of Jean de l'Espine .
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Tyrwhit, Elizabeth Oxenbridge, Lady. “Introduction”. Elizabeth Tyrwhit’s Morning and Evening Prayers, edited by Susan M. Felch, Ashgate, 2008, pp. 1-51.
16