Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Elizabeth Richardson: About 1577

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Richardson

About 1577

Elizabeth Beaumont (later ER ) was born at Stoughton in Leicestershire, the eldest of ten children.
Leigh, Dorothy et al. Women’s Writing in Stuart England. Editor Brown, Sylvia, Sutton, 1999.
153n10
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
“FamilySearch Internet Genealogy Service”. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

1577, 1587: Compiler Raphael Holinshed and others issued...

Writing climate item

1577, 1587

Compiler Raphael Holinshed and others issued the collaborative Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland. The third volume, 1587, brought the history up to the present day.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke: 21 April 1577

Women writers item

21 April 1577

At fifteen Mary Sidney became the third wife of Henry Herbert, Earl of Pembroke ; her dowry of £3,000 represented a heavy burden on her father 's finances.
Hannay, Margaret P. Philip’s Phoenix: Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke. Oxford University Press, 1990, http://U of A HSS.
39
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Martha Moulsworth: 10 November 1577

Women writers item
Author event in Martha Moulsworth

10 November 1577

The future MMdid open first theis eis,
Moulsworth, Martha. "My Name Was Martha". Editors Evans, Robert C. and Barbara Wiedemann, Locust Hill, 1993.
4
probably at Ewelme in Oxfordshire.
Depas-Orange, Ann. “Moulsworth’s Life and Times”. "The Birthday of my Self": Martha Moulsworth, Renaissance Poet, edited by Ann Depas-Orange and Robert C. Evans, Critical Matrix, 1996, pp. 7-10.
7

13 December 1577 - 26 September 1580: Sir Francis Drake circumnavigated the world,...

National or international item

13 December 1577 - 26 September 1580

Sir Francis Drake circumnavigated the world, travelling from Plymouth in Devon through the Straits of Magellan and round the Cape of Good Hope, and back to Plymouth again.
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Literature. Clarendon Press, 1954.
MacGregor, Neil. Shakespeare’s Restless World. Penguin Books, 2014.
1-3

Isabella Whitney: 20 December 1577

Women writers item
Author event in Isabella Whitney

20 December 1577

The publisher Richard Jones registered with the Stationers' Company a poem probably by IW : The lamentacon of a gentlewoman upon the Death of hir late Deceased frende William Gryffith Gent.
Rollins, Hyder E. “Introduction and Notes”. A Gorgeous Gallery of Gallant Inventions, edited by Thomas Procter, Harvard University Press, 1926.
204

Elizabeth Oxenbridge, Lady Tyrwhit : Before 28 April 1578

Women writers item

Before 28 April 1578

Elizabeth Tyrwhit died at her house in St John's Lane, Clerkenwell; this was the day on which her will, made the previous year, was proved.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Lady Jane Lumley: 27 July 1578

Women writers item
Author event in Lady Jane Lumley

27 July 1578

Lady Jane Lumley died at Arundel House in London.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Queen Elizabeth I: August 1578

Women writers item
Author event in Queen Elizabeth I

August 1578

Queen Elizabeth was publicly celebrated for the first time as the Virgin Queen (by the poet Thomas Churchyard at Norwich in Norfolk); this imagery caught on very quickly.
The cult of Elizabeth had already...

August 1578: Three female wax figures were found in a...

Building item

August 1578

Three female wax figures were found in a London dunghill with bristles through the chest; the Spanish ambassador reported a widespread assumption that this was a witchcraft threat to the queen 's life.
Purkiss, Diane. The Witch in History: early modern and twentieth-century representations. Routledge, 1996.
185

Margaret Tyler: 4 August 1578

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Tyler

4 August 1578

MT 's translation of a Spanish romance by Diego Ortúñez de Calahorra , The Mirrour of Princely Deedes and Knighthood, was entered in the Stationers' Register.
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.
Tyler, Margaret. “Introductory Note”. Margaret Tyler, edited by Kathryn Coad, Scolar Press; Ashgate, 1996, p. ix - xi.
x

1579: For the first time in Elizabeth's reign,...

Building item

1579

For the first time in Elizabeth 's reign, the Jesuits were expelled from England.
Haydn, Joseph. Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information. Editor Vincent, Benjamin, 23rd ed., Ward, Lock, 1904.
697

10 April 1579: E. K. dated the epistle to Gabriel Harvey...

Writing climate item

10 April 1579

E. K. dated the epistle to Gabriel Harvey which prefaced the youthful Edmund Spenser 's cycle of eclogues, The Shepheardes Calender. It was published with this year's date, which at the time included the...

1580: For forty years from this date, until 1620,...

Building item

1580

For forty years from this date, until 1620, inflation was gradually lowering real incomes, and the population of Britain was rising.
Kunze, Bonnelyn Young. Margaret Fell and the Rise of Quakerism. Macmillan, 1994.
85

1580: Philip II acquired Portugal to add to the...

National or international item

1580

Philip II acquired Portugal to add to the possessions of the Spanish crown; Portugal and its overseas possessions remained Spanish until 1640.
Pagden, Anthony. “Great Expectations of Themselves”. London Review of Books, 17 Apr. 2003, pp. 32-3.
33

1580-1640: During this period about 90 per cent of women...

Writing climate item

1580-1640

During this period about 90 per cent of women in London were unable to sign their names.
Smith, Hilda L. Reason’s Disciples: Seventeenth-Century English Feminists. University of Illinois Press, 1982.
26

Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke: Between April 1580 and October 1584

Women writers item

Between April 1580 and October 1584

Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke , bore four children: two boys and two girls (one of whom died young).
Waller, Gary F. Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke: A Critical Study of Her Writings and Literary Milieu. University of Salzburg, 1979, http://BLC.
19

Martha Moulsworth: 29 May 1580

Women writers item
Author event in Martha Moulsworth

29 May 1580

Robert Dorset, father of the future MM , died when his daughter was just two and a half.
Depas-Orange, Ann. “Moulsworth’s Life and Times”. "The Birthday of my Self": Martha Moulsworth, Renaissance Poet, edited by Ann Depas-Orange and Robert C. Evans, Critical Matrix, 1996, pp. 7-10.
7

Edmund Spenser: 12 August 1580

Writing climate item
Author event in Edmund Spenser

12 August 1580

ES 's employer, Arthur, Lord Grey of Wilton , arrived in Ireland as Lord Deputy there for the monarch. Spenser probably travelled with him.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

9 November 1580: At Smerwick on the Dingle peninsula in Ireland...

National or international item

9 November 1580

At Smerwick on the Dingle peninsula in Ireland the English Lord Deputy, Arthur, Lord Grey of Wilton , ordered the massacre about 600 European mercenary soldiers who had already surrendered to him.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under Spenser

Anne Dowriche: Soon after 29 November 1580

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Dowriche

Soon after 29 November 1580

Anne Edgecumbe married Hugh Dowriche ; the licence was issued on this day at Exeter.
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
172

Agnes Wenman: About 1581

Women writers item
Author event in Agnes Wenman

About 1581

Agnes Fermor (later AW ) was born at her father's estate at Easton Neston in Northamptonshire, one of the eldest in a family of sixteen among whom she turned out to be the only surviving daughter.
“FamilySearch Internet Genealogy Service”. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

1581: Richard Mulcaster published Positions, an...

Building item

1581

Richard Mulcaster published Positions, an influential treatise on educational methods.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2025, 22 vols. plus supplements.
Kersey, Shirley Nelson, editor. Classics in the Education of Girls and Women. Scarecrow Press, 1981.
52-67
Mulcaster, Richard. Positions. Printed by Thomas Vautrollier, 1581.

11 September 1581: The Levant Trading Company was founded in...

National or international item

11 September 1581

The Levant Trading Company was founded in London.
Wood, Alfred C. A History of the Levant Company. Oxford University Press, 1935.
7-11

1582: Thomas Bentley edited The Monument of Matrones,...

Women writers item

1582

Thomas Bentley edited The Monument of Matrones, an important anthology containing writings by women, mostly religious.
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.
Horton, Louise. “’Restore Me That Am Lost’: Recovering the Forgotten History of Lady Abergavenny’s Prayers”. Women’s Writing, Vol.
26
, No. 1, Feb. 2019, pp. 3-14.
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