Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Margaret Fell: 1694

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Fell

1694

The first, posthumous publication of George Fox 's Journal included a Testimony concerning him by MF : not only a biographical but also an autobiographical sketch.
George Fox had died on 13 January 1691.
Kunze, Bonnelyn Young. Margaret Fell and the Rise of Quakerism. Macmillan, 1994.
239n2

Anne Finch: About 1694-5

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Finch

About 1694-5

AF and her husband moved on from her earlier octavo volume of poems in manuscript (perhaps thinking it too restricted in capacity) to a folio volume, Miscellany Poems With Two Plays by Ardelia, now...

Joan Whitrow: 1694

Women writers item
Author event in Joan Whitrow

1694

In a longer pamphlet entitled The Widow Whiterows Humble Thanksgiving for the King s Safe Return, JW relates parts of her life-story.
McDowell, Paula. The Women of Grub Street: Press, Politics, and Gender in the London Literary Marketplace, 1678-1730. Clarendon, 1998.
312

Jane Lead: 1694

Women writers item
Author event in Jane Lead

1694

Loth Fischer of Utrecht translated JL 's Heavenly Cloud into German and published it at Amsterdam: this was a big step in making her famous.
McDowell, Paula. The Women of Grub Street: Press, Politics, and Gender in the London Literary Marketplace, 1678-1730. Clarendon, 1998.
170-1

Jane Lead: Probably early 1694

Women writers item
Author event in Jane Lead

Probably early 1694

JL published, from her Stepney refuge, The Enochian Walks with God.
Sperle, Joanne Magnani. God’s Healing Angel: A Biography of Jane Lead. Kent State University, 1985.
266
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.

Delarivier Manley: January 1694

Women writers item
Author event in Delarivier Manley

January 1694

DM left her husband , the bigamist, possibly while pregnant by him for the second time.
Manley, Delarivier. “Introduction”. New Atalantis, edited by Ros Ballaster, Pickering and Chatto, 1991, p. v - xxviii.
viii
Ballaster, Ros. “Early Women Writers: Lives and Times. Delarivier Manley (c. 1663-1724)”. The Female Spectator (1995-), Vol.
5
, No. 1, 1 Mar.–31 May 2001, pp. 2-5.
3

Mary Masters: Probably 1694

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Masters

Probably 1694

MM was born—according to Mary Scott —in Yorkshire, at Otley near Leeds.
Scott, Mary, and Gae Holladay. The Female Advocate. William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, University of California, 1984.
20n

1694: Publisher John Dunton issued The Ladies Dictionary;...

Building item

1694

Publisher John Dunton issued The Ladies Dictionary; Being a General Entertainment For the Fair Sex: A Work Never attempted before in English.
Dunton, John. The Ladies Dictionary. Printed for John Dunton, 1694.
Burmester, James et al. English Books. James Burmester Rare Books, 1985–2026, Numbered catalogues.
48 (2000): 98

1694-1706: Quaker printer Tace Sowle produced three...

Writing climate item

1694-1706

Quaker printer Tace Sowle produced three volumes of the works of George Fox (Quaker pioneer, husband of Margaret Fell ): his Journal, Epistles, and Gospel-Truth Demonstrated.
Bracken, James K., and Joel Silver, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 170. Gale Research, 1996.
254-5
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.

Mid-January 1694: John Dryden's last play, the tragedy Love...

Writing climate item

Mid-January 1694

John Dryden 's last play, the tragedy Love Triumphant, was performed at Drury Lane ; it was printed the same year.
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

February 1694: The Fatal Marriage: or The Innocent Adultery...

Writing climate item

February 1694

The Fatal Marriage: or The Innocent Adultery by Thomas Southerne (or Southern), a tragedy based on Aphra Behn 's novel The History of the Nun: or, the Fair Vow-Breaker, probably had its first performance this month.
Watson, George, and Ian Roy Wilson, editors. The New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature. Cambridge University Press, 1969, 5 vols., http://U of A, HSS Ruth N Flr 1 Ref.

March 1694: The French poet Boileau published his misogynist...

Writing climate item

March 1694

The French poet Boileau published his misogynist Satire X, which targets the poet Antoinette Deshoulières (who had died in February) as a précieuse, and Scudéry 's Clélie as advocating adultery.
Schroder, Volker. “Women Writers Response to Boileaus SATIRE XAmerican Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies (ASECS) Conference, Boston, MA, 26 Mar. 2004.

Elizabeth Tollet: 11 March 1694

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Tollet

11 March 1694

ET was born, probably at York Buildings, near Whitehall Palace, London.
Londry, Michael, and Elizabeth Tollet. The Poems of Elizabeth Tollet. Oxford University, 2004.
10

25 April 1694: The Bank of England was established, against...

National or international item

25 April 1694

The Bank of England was established, against violent parliamentary opposition, with the primary object of lending money to the nation rather than to individuals: this was the beginning of the National Debt.
Haydn, Joseph. Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information. Editor Vincent, Benjamin, 23rd ed., Ward, Lock, 1904.
111
Grun, Bernard. The Timetables of History. 3rd revised, Simon and Schuster, 1991.
318
Porter, Roy. English Society in the Eighteenth Century. Penguin, 1982.
122
Evelyn, John. The Diary of John Evelyn. Editor De Beer, Esmond Samuel, Oxford University Press, 1959.
983-4

Delarivier Manley: June-July 1694

Women writers item
Author event in Delarivier Manley

June-July 1694

According to her own account DM journeyed to from London to Exeter, perhaps in search of free accommodation with friends.
Her statement may not be reliable, since in her preface to The Lost Lover...

Delarivier Manley: After July 1694

Women writers item
Author event in Delarivier Manley

After July 1694

Living in the country with very little knowledge of the theatre, DM wrote (in seven days, she said) The Lost Lover; or, The Jealous Husband, A Comedy.
Manley, Delarivier. The Lost Lover. R. Bentley, F. Saunders, J. Knapton, and R. Wellington, 1696.
preface
Manley, Delarivier. “Editorial Materials”. A Woman of No Character: An Autobiography of Mrs Manley, edited by Fidelis Morgan, Faber, 1986, p. various pages.
74, 167

Mary Astell: 16 July 1694

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Astell

16 July 1694

MA 's first book was licensed for print: A Serious Proposal to the Ladies, by a Lover of Her Sex.
Norton, J. E. “Some Uncollected Authors, XXVII: Mary Astell, 1666-1731”. The Book Collector, Vol.
10
, 1961, pp. 58-65.
61

Elisabeth Wast : 9 August 1694

Women writers item
Author event in Elisabeth Wast

9 August 1694

EW , in Edinburgh on a fast day, first took the sacrament in the Church of Scotland .
Wast, Elisabeth. Memoirs; or, Spiritual Exercises. 1724.
6

Mary, Lady Chudleigh: 13 August 1694

Women writers item
Author event in Mary, Lady Chudleigh

13 August 1694

Mary, Lady Chudleigh , wrote out a receipt to two of her relations for money paid on a mortgage which she owned.
Mills, Rebecca. "Thanks for that Elegant Defense": Polemical Prose and Poetry by Women in the Early Eighteenth Century. Oxford University, 2000.
75

: Rebellion headed by the performers Thomas...

Building item

Autumn 1694

Rebellion headed by the performers Thomas Betterton , Elizabeth Barry , and Anne Bracegirdle put an end to the United Company , which had been formed in 1682 with the merger of the two London theatres.
The London Stage 1660-1800. Southern Illinois University Press, 1960–1968, 5 vols.
1: 439

Hester Biddle: 5 September 1694

Women writers item
Author event in Hester Biddle

5 September 1694

HB visited Queen Mary and received a pass allowing her to travel to Europe in quest of the French king , and of an end to the Nine Years War.
Rickman, Lydia L. “Esther Biddle and Her Mission to Louis XIV”. Friends Historical Society Journal, Vol.
47
, 1955, pp. 38-45.
38-9

Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth Earl of Chesterfield: 22 September 1694

Writing climate item

22 September 1694

Philip Stanhope (later fourth Earl of Chesterfield), statesman, diplomatist and conduct letter-writer, was born in London.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

Mary Astell: November 1694

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Astell

November 1694

MA 's Letters Concerning the Love of God was privately printed, with 1695 on its title-page, and with Astell identified as the Author of the Proposal to the Ladies.
Norton, J. E. “Some Uncollected Authors, XXVII: Mary Astell, 1666-1731”. The Book Collector, Vol.
10
, 1961, pp. 58-65.
62
Perry, Ruth. The Celebrated Mary Astell: An Early English Feminist. University of Chicago Press, 1986.
82

Jane Lead: Late 1694

Women writers item
Author event in Jane Lead

Late 1694

JL was discovered in the almshouse at Stepney by Francis Lee , who had read and admired her first publication in its recent German translation.
Sperle, Joanne Magnani. God’s Healing Angel: A Biography of Jane Lead. Kent State University, 1985.
146
McDowell, Paula. The Women of Grub Street: Press, Politics, and Gender in the London Literary Marketplace, 1678-1730. Clarendon, 1998.
171

Catharine Burton: 9 December 1694

Women writers item
Author event in Catharine Burton

9 December 1694

CB made her profession as a nun of the English Carmelite convent at Antwerp a year and a day after she had entered it, taking the name of Mother Mary Xaviera of the Angels.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.