Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence
-
Standard Name: Pethick-Lawrence, Emmeline
Birth Name: Emmeline Pethick
Married Name: Emmeline Lawrence
Used Form: Emmeline Pethick Lawrence
Militant suffragist EPL
launched and co-edited the weekly journal Votes for Women with her husband, Frederick Pethick-Lawrence
, in 1907. The journal began as the official publication of the militant suffrage organisation, the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU)
, but in 1912 the Pethick-Lawrences distanced themselves from the WSPU and began to publish it independently. During the first half of the twentieth century EPL
published a number of suffragist pamphlets, many of them printed versions of speeches she had previously delivered. Speeches she gave in her own defence at the conspiracy trial of 1912 were published in 1913. From 1908 to 1950, she wrote many letters to the editor on a wide variety of national and international political topics. Her autobiography, 1938, largely focuses on the militant suffrage movement and the involvement in it of herself and her husband, as well as on her pacifist activities after World War One.
Connections
Connections Sort descending | Author name | Excerpt |
---|---|---|
Cultural formation | Christabel Pankhurst | There is some suggestion that CP
may have had lesbian relationships. She excited devotion among her female followers, and at least one—novelist Elizabeth Robins
—admitted to falling in love with her. CP
also spent much... |
Dedications | Sylvia Pankhurst | SP
reflected on her life and the lives of others during the First World War in The Home Front: a Mirror to Life in England During the First World War, published this year and... |
Employer | Dora Marsden | By this time Marsden was earning an annual salary of £108. She resigned from the Union after one of its central committees (which included Christabel Pankhurst
, Emmeline Pankhurst
, and Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence
) refused... |
Friends, Associates | Dora Marsden | During the 1920s DM
's primary focus was her writing, which she continued mainly in isolation and under much mental and physical stress. However, she was assisted in this by Harriet Shaw Weaver
and Sylvia Beach |
Friends, Associates | Mary Gawthorpe | During her time with the WSPU, MG
worked with Christabel Pankhurst
(who was twenty-four when Gawthorpe first met her, before she had yet met Isabella Ford
), whom, like Ethel Snowden
, she knew from... |
Friends, Associates | Mary Gawthorpe | MG
's correspondents included Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence
, Alice Paul
, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
, Elizabeth Robins
, Helena Swanwick
, Henry Nevinson
, Havelock Ellis
, John Galsworthy
, Victor Gollancz
, A. R. Orage |
Friends, Associates | Emmeline Pankhurst | Keir Hardie
, a dear friend of EP
's after her husband's death, introduced her to Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence
, a crucial figure in the revivification of the suffrage movement. Her home in Clement's Inn, in... |
Friends, Associates | Evelyn Sharp | Others with whom she shared this or that memorable experience were the Meynells (Wilfrid
, Alice
, and Viola
), Clarence Rook
and his wife, and Henry W. Nevinson
, whom she eventually married... |
Friends, Associates | Constance Lytton | Mary Neal
, a leader in the folk-dance revival and joint founder with Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence
of the Esperance Club
for working girls, invited CL
to holiday with herself and some of the girls in autumn... |
Friends, Associates | Gladys Henrietta Schütze | Through her early mentor W. Pett RidgeGHS
met various literary men: W. W. Jacobs
, Barry Pain
, Jerome K. Jerome
, Hugh Walpole
, and Ernest Temple Thurston
. Pett Ridge (P... |
Friends, Associates | Constance Lytton | From two days after her stroke until September 1918 she had the joy of a perfect nurse,Nurse Oram
. Lytton, Constance. Letters of Constance Lytton. Editor Balfour, Elizabeth Edith, Countess of, Heinemann, 1925. 236-7 |
Literary responses | Sylvia Pankhurst | Save the Mothers was well reviewed. George Bernard Shaw
responded enthusiastically to the book, and Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence
expressed her pleasure at its positive reception. Vera Brittain
also praised it, favourably comparing SP
's activism for... |
Occupation | Maude Royden | Though unable to attend, she had served on the British Committee for the Congress in April of this year. Of the 180 British women who had planned to attend, only three were able to go:... |
politics | Stella Benson | SB
had been a moderate until the death of the Derby Martyr, Emily Wilding Davison
, in 1913. After this she became more militant. When she moved to London in May 1914, she called... |
politics | Maude Royden | Through her anti-war activities, MR
became involved with the Women's International League (WIL)
, a pacifist organisation founded by British women who had attended the Women's International Congress
in Amsterdam in 1915. Back in England... |
Timeline
: The Women's Social and Political Union moved...
National or international item
Summer 1906
The Women's Social and Political Union
moved its headquarters to London; this relocation was emblematic of its shift away from its Independent Labour Party
and working-class origins.
Holton, Sandra Stanley. “Women and the Vote”. Women’s History: Britain, 1850-1945, edited by June Purvis and June Purvis, University College London, 1995, pp. 277-05.
291
Garner, Les. Stepping Stones to Women’s Liberty: Feminist Ideas in the Women’s Suffrage Movement, 1900-1918. Heinemann Educational, 1984.
45
23 October 1906: During a demonstration at the opening of...
National or international item
23 October 1906
During a demonstration at the opening of Parliament
, eleven Women's Social and Political Union
supporters were for the first time arrested and imprisoned: for two months in Holloway
.
Hume, Leslie Parker. The National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies, 1897-1914. Garland, 1982.
30
Holton, Sandra Stanley. Suffrage Days: Stories from the Women’s Suffrage Movement. Routledge, 1996.
127
Holton, Sandra Stanley. Suffrage Days: Stories from the Women’s Suffrage Movement. Routledge, 1996.
126-7
October 1907: Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst and Emmeline...
National or international item
October 1907
Emmeline
and Christabel Pankhurst
and Emmeline
and Frederick Pethick-Lawrence
, wanting to maintain control over the Women's Social and Political Union
agenda, removed by fiat dissident members of the executive and cancelled the forthcoming annual...
October 1907: Votes for Women, the official organ of the...
Building item
October 1907
Votes for Women, the official organ of the Women's Social and Political Union
, began publication in London.
Doughan, David, and Denise Sanchez. Feminist Periodicals, 1855-1984. Harvester Press, 1987.
25
King, Elspeth. “The Scottish Women’s Suffrage Movement”. Out of Bounds: Women in Scottish Society 1800-1945, edited by Esther Breitenbach and Eleanor Gordon, Edinburgh University Press, 1992, pp. 121-50.
139
March 1908: Mary Louisa Gordon, who had qualified as...
Building item
March 1908
Mary Louisa Gordon
, who had qualified as both a physician and a midwife and had practised medicine in London since 1900, was appointed the first female prison inspector in Britain.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
21 June 1908: The Women's Social and Political Union organised...
National or international item
21 June 1908
The Women's Social and Political Union
organised a Woman's Sunday which involved (according to the Times estimate) between 250,000 and 500,000 people, mostly women. The WSPU called it Britain's largest-ever political meeting.
Tickner, Lisa. The Spectacle of Women: Imagery of the Suffrage Campaign, 1907-1914. University of Chicago Press, 1988.
91-4, 96-7
Early December 1908: A meeting of suffragists at the Albert Hall...
Building item
Early December 1908
A meeting of suffragists at the Albert Hall was marred by violence from both sides: a woman struck a steward in the face with a whip, and women were roughly handled.
Raitt, Suzanne. May Sinclair: A Modern Victorian. Clarendon Press, 2000.
112 and n14
28 March 1912: The Conciliation Bill (on suffrage) was defeated...
National or international item
28 March 1912
The Conciliation Bill (on suffrage) was defeated in a House of Commons
vote, after passing its second reading (the previous year) with a huge majority.
Holton, Sandra Stanley. “Women and the Vote”. Women’s History: Britain, 1850-1945, edited by June Purvis and June Purvis, University College London, 1995, pp. 277-05.
294
Tickner, Lisa. The Spectacle of Women: Imagery of the Suffrage Campaign, 1907-1914. University of Chicago Press, 1988.
133
Hume, Leslie Parker. The National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies, 1897-1914. Garland, 1982.
135
Frye, Kate Parry. Campaigning for the Vote: Kate Parry Frye’s Suffrage Diary. Editor Crawford, Elizabeth, Francis Boutle Publishers, 2013.
98-100
25 May 1912: The Irish Citizen, a suffrage newspaper jointly...
Building item
25 May 1912
The Irish Citizen, a suffrage newspaper jointly edited by Francis Sheehy Skeffington
and James Cousins
, began weekly publication in London.
Doughan, David, and Denise Sanchez. Feminist Periodicals, 1855-1984. Harvester Press, 1987.
33
Owens, Rosemary Cullen. Smashing Times: A History of the Irish Women’s Suffrage Movement 1889-1922. Attic, 1984.
46
6 February 1914: The United Suffragists was established as...
National or international item
6 February 1914
The United Suffragists
was established as a new organisation open to men and women, militant and non-militant members.
Norquay, Glenda. Voices and Votes: A Literary Anthology of the Women’s Suffrage Campaign. Manchester University Press, 1995.
xii
Holton, Sandra Stanley. “Women and the Vote”. Women’s History: Britain, 1850-1945, edited by June Purvis and June Purvis, University College London, 1995, pp. 277-05.
295
John, Angela V. Evelyn Sharp: Rebel Woman, 18691955. Manchester University Press, 2009.
76
Early August 1914: In response to the support for Britain's...
National or international item
Early August 1914
In response to the support for Britain's war effort pledged by Millicent Garrett Fawcett
and other National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies
Executive Committee members, several leading members of the Union resigned to form the...
February 1918: Votes for Women, an organ of the Women's...
Building item
February 1918
Votes for Women, an organ of the Women's Social and Political Union
, ceased publication in London.
Doughan, David, and Denise Sanchez. Feminist Periodicals, 1855-1984. Harvester Press, 1987.
25
July 1920: The Irish Citizen ended publication after...
Building item
July 1920
The Irish Citizen ended publication after a British soldier wrecked the press.
Owens, Rosemary Cullen. Smashing Times: A History of the Irish Women’s Suffrage Movement 1889-1922. Attic, 1984.
129
Doughan, David, and Denise Sanchez. Feminist Periodicals, 1855-1984. Harvester Press, 1987.
33
6 July 1928: Four days after the Representation of the...
Building item
6 July 1928
Four days after the Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act received the royal assent, a celebratory breakfast was held at the Hotel Cecil in London.
“July 6, 1928, Celebrating full women’s suffrage”. Guardian Weekly, 6 July 2007, p. 20.
20
September 1938: The Woman's National Newspaper began publishing...
Writing climate item
September 1938
The Woman's National Newspaper began publishing in London; it had claimed to be the first independent newspaper in the world owned and controlled entirely by women.
Doughan, David, and Denise Sanchez. Feminist Periodicals, 1855-1984. Harvester Press, 1987.
54
Doughan, David, and Denise Sanchez. Feminist Periodicals, 1855-1984. Harvester Press, 1987.
54
Texts
Pethick-Lawrence, Emmeline. “Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, from The New CrusadeLiterature of the Womens Suffrage Campaign in England, edited by Carolyn Christensen Nelson, Broadview, 2004, pp. 65-70.
Pethick-Lawrence, Emmeline. My Part in a Changing World. Victor Gollancz, 1938.
Pethick-Lawrence, Emmeline. My Part in a Changing World. Hyperion, 1976.
Pethick-Lawrence, Emmeline. The Meaning of the Woman’s Movement. Woman’s Press.
Pethick-Lawrence, Emmeline. The New Crusade. National Women’s Social and Political Union.
Pethick-Lawrence, Frederick William, and Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, editors. Votes for Women. Reformer’s Press.
Pethick-Lawrence, Emmeline. Why Women Want the Vote. Woman’s Press.
Pethick-Lawrence, Emmeline. Women as Race Builders. National Women’s Social and Political Union.
Pethick-Lawrence, Emmeline. “Working Girls’ Clubs”. University and Social Settlements, edited by Will Reason, Methuen, 1898.