ER
's first publication was a story that appeared in the new Fraser's Magazine some time after its start in February 1830. My Aunt in a Salt Mine was inspired by a visit to a Salzburg salt mine during her brief residence in Germany.
Lochhead, Marion C. Elizabeth Rigby, Lady Eastlake. John Murray, 1961.
6
Rigby, Elizabeth. “Preface and Memoirs”. Journals and Correspondence of Lady Eastlake, edited by Charles Eastlake Smith, J. Murray, 1895, p. Various pages.
MF
apparently began her literary career publishing poetry in local Australian newspapers. Her critic and biographer Lucy Sussex
characterizes some of this poetry as politically radical.
Sussex, Lucy et al. “Introduction”. Mary Helena Fortune ("Waif Wander" / "W.W."), c. 1833-1910: A Bibliography, Department of English, University of Queensland, 1998, pp. 1-11.
Virginia Stephen
(later VW
) published a review of W. D. Howells
's The Son of Royal Langbrith on the women's page of the Guardian (not the then Manchester Guardian but a weekly paper for clergymen).
Woolf, Virginia. The Essays of Virginia Woolf. Editors McNeillie, Andrew and Stuart Nelson Clarke, Hogarth Press, 1986–2011, 6 vols.
1: 5
Woolf, Virginia. “Introduction; Editorial Note”. The Essays of Virginia Woolf, edited by Andrew McNeillie, Hogarth Press, 1986–1994, pp. vols. 1 - 4: various pages.
The first short story by Frances Elizabeth McCall (later SG
) to make it to print was Mamma's Music Lessons, which appeared in Margaret Gatty
's evangelical Aunt Judy's Magazine for Young People.
Kersley, Gillian. Darling Madame: Sarah Grand and Devoted Friend. Virago Press, 1983.
KT
later believed that as a keen reader in her youth, if I had lived among writing-people I too should have written in those years. It did not occur to me to write, although I read much poetry.
By 1880 a number of her poems had appeared in the Graphic, and others began to be accepted by The Spectator and the short-lived Dublin literature review Hibernia.
Tynan, Katharine. The Years of the Shadow. Constable, 1919.
79
She credited Father Matthew Russell
, founder and editor of the Irish Monthly, with initiating her writing career. He printed her poems and sketches in his journal and helped her get published elsewhere.
EG
composed her earliest identified publication, a poem printed the following month in the London Magazine and reprinted next year in her own collection: The Delirium. By a Young Lady.
Pitcher, Edward W. Woman’s Wit. Edwin Mellen Press, 2002.
Chapman, Maria Weston, and Harriet Martineau. “Memorials of Harriet Martineau”. Harriet Martineau’s Autobiography, James R. Osgood, 1877, pp. 2: 131 - 596.
168
It was written after The Hope of the Hebrew, the first of HM
's historical tales, set during the time of Christ, met with great success in the The Monthly Repository. She wrote the rest of the volume in two weeks.
LSB
probably first reached print with two sonnets in the Quaker
periodical the Friends' Quarterly Examiner, titled Sonnet and A Double Sonnet. She may have added a third sonnet in the same journal this year.
Domingue, Jackie Dees. Doctrine and Dynamite. Texas A and M, 2000.
130, 415, 420, 428
Miles, Alfred H., editor. The Poets and the Poetry of the Nineteenth Century. AMS Press, 1967, 12 vols.
9: 227
Senaha, Eijun. “A Life of Louisa Sarah Bevington”. The Hokkaido University Annual Report on Cultural Sciences, Vol.
FN
also anonymously published an illustrated pamphlet (Mortality of the British Army, at Home and Abroad, and During the Russian War, as Compared with the Morality of the Civil Population of England) which aimed to introduce the public to the commission's findings. A pioneering statistician, she printed much of the statistical data in the form of coloured circles or wedges (pie-charts) for easier and more immediate comprehension.
Bishop, William John, and Sue Goldie. A Bio-Bibliography of Florence Nightingale. Dawsons for the International Council of Nurses, 1962.
54-5
She also published in several periodicals, including a contribution to The Builder, 28 August 1858, entitled Sites and Construction of Hospitals. Two more articles appeared in September: Construction of Hospitals: The Ground Plan and Hospital Construction: Wards.
Brothers, Barbara, and Julia Gergits, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 166. Gale Research, 1996.
166: 267
All three articles were later reprinted as appendices to Notes on Hospitals.
Bishop, William John, and Sue Goldie. A Bio-Bibliography of Florence Nightingale. Dawsons for the International Council of Nurses, 1962.
GE
, then Mary Ann Evans, became a published author when a religious poem she had written the previous summer appeared in the Christian Observer signed M.A.E.
Haight, Gordon S. George Eliot: A Biography. Oxford University Press, 1968.
The late-teenage MS
(still known as Mary) published her first essay in the fifth number of the Cheltenham Ladies College Magazine: it was on Descartes
.
Raitt, Suzanne. May Sinclair: A Modern Victorian. Clarendon Press, 2000.
Biographer Betty Keller
believes that the poem was first penned in 1879 and addressed to PJ
's close friend Jean Morton
, from the Brantford Collegiate Institute
, PJ
's high school. Biographers Gerson
and Strong-Boag
find evidence of its publication history in the History of the County of Brant but have been unable actually to locate the poem in Gems of Poetry, a periodical not associated with the high school. The first poem they are able to find in that journal appeared in August 1884, entitled The Rift. PJ
signed it with the pseudonym Margaret Rox
. She continued in the following years to publish poems in Gems of Poetry, The Week (the most prestigious literary and intellectual journal in Canada at the time), and Saturday Night.
Keller, Betty. Pauline: A Biography of Pauline Johnson. Douglas and McIntyre, 1981.
36
Gerson, Carole, and Veronica Strong-Boag. Paddling Her Own Canoe: The Times and Texts of E. Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake). University of Toronto Press, 2000.
According to MG
, her first newspaper feature, Meet Johnny, about a child named Johnny whom she saw living on the streets the summer she was hired on the Montreal Standard, appeared in print.
Neil K. Besner claims, however, that she started working at the Standard in September, not June.
Gallant, Mavis. “‘The Life of the Writer’”. Margaret Laurence Lecture, Writers’ Trust of Canada, 1988.
Besner, Neil K. The Light of Imagination: Mavis Gallant’s Fiction. University of British Columbia Press, 1988.
AJV
was in her teens when she reached print as a contributor to The Freemasons' Magazine (which was published from 1793 to 1798, first launched under the title The Free-mason's Magazine, or General and Complete Library).
Snell, Susan. “Enlightenment Females and Freemasonry”. Journal for Research into Freemasonry and Fraternalism, Vol.
The Ladies Companion printed most of a winning competition entry by FT
(who was not yet an author), an essay required to capture in 300 words her understanding of Jane Austen
's success.
Lindsay, Gillian. Flora Thompson: The Story of the Lark Rise Writer. Hale, 1996.
Seventeen-year-old CR
made her public debut with a poem entitled Death's Chill Between in the Athenæum; a second, Heart's Chill Between, appeared a week later. Both bore the initials C. G. R..
Jones, Kathleen. Learning Not to Be First: The Life of Christina Rossetti. Windrush Press, 1991.
32
Rossetti, Christina. The Complete Poems of Christina Rossetti. Editor Crump, Rebecca W., Louisiana State University Press, 1979–1990, 3 vols.
3: 351
Marsh, Jan. Christina Rossetti: A Writer’s Life. Viking, 1995.
In time she became a mainstay of Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine or Maga, as author of Our Library Table, a monthly review column. She also contributed stories and articles on travel, history, and literature.
Jay, Elisabeth. Mrs Oliphant: "A Fiction to Herself": A Literary Life. Clarendon Press, 1995.
4
Greenfield, John R., editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 159. Gale Research, 1996.
159: 255
She described herself (not without irony) as the magazine's general utility woman
qtd. in
Jay, Elisabeth. Mrs Oliphant: "A Fiction to Herself": A Literary Life. Clarendon Press, 1995.
15
—a phrase that emphasised her usefulness and her gender, but made her literary work equivalent to domestic labour of the lowest kind, that is unskilled and unspecialised. She was furiously productive in journalism during the years of her marriage and of successive family bereavements. She published in other magazines as well, such as Fraser's, Macmillan's and the Cornhill.
Jay, Elisabeth. Mrs Oliphant: "A Fiction to Herself": A Literary Life. Clarendon Press, 1995.