1187 results Occupation

Herbert Spencer

HS was a largely self-taught intellectual. He started his professional life as a railway engineer but soon turned to journalism. He edited The Economist for a spell but after several successful publications he gained enough financial stability to focus entirely on philosophical pursuits.

Rachel Speght

When RS , before the publication of her first book, was called . . . away from the place where she was, to come back to a different place and different occupations, she was probably returning to her family home to help out during her father's serious illness. Her pursuits while away from home have not been identified.
qtd. in
Speight, Helen. “Rachel Speght’s Polemical Life”. Huntington Library Quarterly, Vol.
65
, No. 3/4, 2002, pp. 449-63.
451

Robert Southey

RS 's popular success as a poet and his position as Poet Laureate from 1813 caused aspiring authors to seek him out for advice. He famously advised Charlotte Brontë , [l]iterature cannot be the business of a woman's life: & it ought not to be. The more she is engaged in her proper duties, the less leisure will she have for it, even as an accomplishment & a recreation.
Brontë, Charlotte. The Letters of Charlotte Brontë. Editor Smith, Margaret, 1931 -, Clarendon Press, 2000, 3 vols.
1: 166-7
Her shift to prose was perhaps influenced by this attitude.

Ethel Smyth

A passionate and committed musician, ES composed in various forms. Her six operas are her major achievement.

Tobias Smollett

He was qualified to practice medicine, and worked as a naval surgeon and as a doctor in London, as well as in journalism.

Elizabeth, Smith

From the time (during her teens) when the family's governess left them, Elizabeth became a sort of governess to her younger sisters.
Smith, Elizabeth, 1776 - 1806. Fragments, in Prose and Verse. Editor Bowdler, Henrietta Maria, Richard Cruttwell, 1809.
228
She was skilled at making her own gowns, caps, and other articles of clothing.
Smith, Elizabeth, 1776 - 1806. Fragments, in Prose and Verse. Editor Bowdler, Henrietta Maria, Richard Cruttwell, 1809.
57

Ali Smith

Lecturing

Gillian Slovo

GS served for three years as president of English PEN . One month before her term was due to expire she resigned her presidency in order to draw attention to what she said was an issue of democratic accountability in the governance of this revered institution. In Slovo's words, a decision was taken by a majority on the board, and a minority worked in a way that stopped it being carried out.
Bury, Liz. “Gillian Slovo wins Golden PEN award”. theguardian.com, 3 Dec. 2013.
(3 December 2013)
GS is a Patron of the Ruth First Educational Trust , which offers post-graduate scholarships for students from southern Africa at Durham University .
Ruth First Educational Trust. http://community.dur.ac.uk/ruthfirst.trust/.

Ann Masterman Skinn

AMS attempted to support herself by writing, needlework, and running a day-school.

Felicia Skene

FS became a noted philanthropist.

Elizabeth Postuma Simcoe

In her travels through the forests and around the lakes of the colony, EPS kept vivid diary records, and supplemented her words with sketches. From these sketches she later worked up watercolours of landscape, drawings of the native people; animals, and plants. The paintings were made with an anthropological or scientific eye. After the family got back to England they presented thirty-two of her watercolours to George III .
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Lydia Howard Sigourney

Jointly with a friend, Nancy Maria Hyde , in 1811 Lydia Howard Huntley (later LHS ) opened the first school of her own in Norwich, Connecticut; it failed.
Davidson, Cathy N., and Linda Wagner-Martin, editors. The Oxford Companion to Women’s Writing in the United States. Oxford University Press, 1995.

Dora Sigerson

As well as her literary and political interests, DS had considerable ability as a sculptor, and continued to practise this art until late in her life.

Sir Philip Sidney

On his first return from his travels SPS became a courtier to Elizabeth I , for whom he subsequently conducted diplomatic business with monarchs and others abroad. He also gave the queen gifts, appeared at tournaments, and was deeply involved in the alliances and rivalries of court politics. But no great position or career involvement seems to have materialised equal to his hopes. The queen finally appointed him governor of Flushing in late 1585, just after he had failed in a scheme to join an expedition to the West Indies led by Sir Francis Drake .
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Ethel Sidgwick

ES worked as a schoolteacher in England and France, as well as at writing and translating.
“Contemporary Authors”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Centre-LRC.
She also served on the council of the Save the Children Fund, in support of which she wrote a foreword to a pamphlet about Hungarian girls dispossessed by war, written by the organization's administrator in Hungary and published in 1927.
Vajkai, Julie Eve, and Ethel Sidgwick. Education for Life. Weardale Press, 1927.
prelims

Margaret Emily Shore

While she was still a child herself, her father entrusted her with much of the education of her younger siblings.
Gates, Barbara T., and Margaret Emily Shore. “Self-writing as Legacy: The Journal of Emily ShoreJournal of Emily Shore: Revised and Expanded, 2006.

Carol Shields

While studying for her MA, CS began working at home as editorial assistant on a scholarly quarterly, Canadian Slavonic Papers. She held this position from 1972 to 1974. She taught at the University of Ottawa after doing her MA there, and then, already a published writer, held a post as professor of English at the University of Manitoba until 2000. She was Chancellor of the University of Winnipeg , 1996-2000.
Wachtel, Eleanor, editor. “Carol Shields”. More Writers and Company: New Conversations with CBC Radio’s Eleanor Wachtel, Vintage Canada, 1997, pp. 36-56.
45
“Contemporary Authors”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Centre-LRC.
Clark, Alex. “Carol Shields”. The Guardian, 18 July 2003, p. 23.
23

Richard Brinsley Sheridan

In June 1776, the year after his first comedy had snatched success from the jaws of defeat, RBS added to the career of a dramatist the position of joint manager of Drury Lane Theatre . He retained this post until the disastrous fire at the theatre on 24 February 1809, and kept writing plays after the period of his famous youthful comedies. But after he was elected to parliament for Stafford in 1780 he became even more involved in politics than in the theatre.

Frances Sheridan

Critic Betty A. Schellenberg points out that FS wielded enough influence to secure two successive military positions for a protegé of her cousin Samuel Whyte .
Shellenberg, Betty A. “Frances Sheridan Reads John Home: Placing Sidney Bidulph in the Republic of Letters”. Eighteenth-Century Fiction, Vol.
13
, No. 4, July 2001, pp. 561-77.
564

Nan Shepherd

NS was quick-witted, jovial, and passionate about her craft: qualities that lent themselves naturally to teaching. She began lecturing in English at Aberdeen Training Centre for Teachers (later Aberdeen College of Education) in 1916, though her official title as Lecturer dated from 1919. She devoted herself to this field until her retirement in 1956. She was prized by her students, who described her as spellbinding.Ali Smith writes that NS took a feminist approach in her lectures years ahead of her time. Following her retirement, she accepted a position as editor for the Aberdeen University Review, a post she would hold for six years. She was awarded an honorary doctorate in 1964, a tribute to her prowess in her field of study.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Mary Shelley

MS supported herself and Percy Florence through her writing—novels and journalism—and editing. He, through her earnings, was educated at Harrow School and Cambridge University . She also supported her aging father until his death in 1836.
Hill-Miller, Katherine C. ’My Hideous Progeny’: Mary Shelley, William Godwin, and the Father-Daughter Relationship. University of Delaware Press; Associated University Presses, 1995.
52-4
Shelley, Mary. “Introduction”. Lodore, edited by Lisa Vargo, Broadview, 1997, pp. 9-45.
10-11

Hester Shaw

She was practising midwifery in London by about 1610, and probably received her licence from the bishop of London not long afterwards. In 1634 she was chosen joint leader of a group of sixty midwives banded together to petition against the appropriating activities of the man-midwife Peter Chamberlen , who represented a family uniquely powerful in their profession.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Jane Sharp

JS practised as a midwife; she had been in practice for above thirty years when she published her book.
Sharp, Jane. The Midwives Book. Editor Hobby, Elaine, Oxford University Press, 1999.
title-page

Jo Shapcott

JS began teaching English at Rolle College in Exmouth (one of the three main campuses of the University of Plymouth , which, however, is due to be relocated in a movement towards centralization). She then worked as arts administrator at the Arts Council and South Bank Centre in London and taught creative writing as a Visiting Professor at the University of Newcastle , the University of the Arts in London (an entity formed from the amalgamation of six more or less distinguished institutions for the teaching of art), Royal Holloway College , and Oxford Brookes University . In 1990 she joined the board of directors of the Poetry Book Society and in early 1999 she was rumoured to be a likely contender for the prestigious position of poetry editor at Faber and Faber : a job which (wrote fellow-poet Kate Clanchy ) had been handed from famous man to famous man since T S [sic] Eliot) and which would have been good to see in a woman's hands.
Clanchy, Kate. “The fall of the house of Eliot”. Guardian Unlimited, 11 Feb. 1999.
JS did not join Faber, but in 2002 she became UK Editor for the poetry press Arc Publications , where her responsibility embraces the press's British and Irish lists. She has served regularly as presenter of the weekly Poetry Proms broadcast by BBC Radio 3 during the late summer.
Shapcott, Jo. “Women’s Poetry Competition 2005”. Mslexia, Vol.
26
, 2005, pp. 31-2.
32n
Arc Publications. http://www.arcpublications.co.uk/index.htm.
“Contemporary Authors”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Centre-LRC.
She is also a frequent presence at literary festivals, reading or speaking.

William Shakespeare

Shakespeare is believed to have worked as an actor from soon after his arrival in London, still in his early twenties. He joined a company of players whose name varied with successive patrons.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2025, 22 vols. plus supplements.