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1811: This year the war against Napoleon cost the...

National or international item

1811

This year the war against Napoleon cost the British government 56 million pounds (nearly three times the 20 million it had cost in the year 1794).
McCarthy, William. Anna Letitia Barbauld, Voice of the Enlightenment. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008.
455-6

1848: John Dicks established his own publishing...

Writer or writing item

1848

John Dicks established his own publishing house in London with G. W. M. Reynolds .
Rose, Jonathan, and Patricia J. Anderson, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 106. Gale Research, 1991.
106: 126
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

1883: Asylum reformer and feminist Louisa Lowe...

Women writers item

1883

Asylum reformer and feminist Louisa Lowe published The Bastilles of England; or, The Lunacy Laws at Work.
Showalter, Elaine. The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 1830-1980. Pantheon Books, 1985.
126

1824: The Manchester Mechanical Institute was ...

Building and people item

1824

The Manchester Mechanical Institute was founded.
Haydn, Joseph. Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information. Editor Vincent, Benjamin, 23rd ed., Ward, Lock, 1904.
783
The World of Learning. 47th ed., Allen and Unwin, 1997.
1997: 1563

1865: Dr William Acton famously asserted that the...

Building and people item

1865

Dr William Acton famously asserted that the majority of women (happily for them) are not very much troubled with sexual feeling of any kind.
Jalland, Patricia, and John Hooper. Women from Birth to Death: The Female Life Cycle in Britain 1830-1914. Harvester, 1986.
234
Jalland, Patricia, and John Hooper. Women from Birth to Death: The Female Life Cycle in Britain 1830-1914. Harvester, 1986.
234
The comment was reported in his Functions and Disorders...

1949: In racially-torn Durban, South Africa, Zulus...

National or international item

1949

In racially-torn Durban, South Africa, Zulus massacred Indians.
Johnson, Richard William. “An Unreliable Friend”. London Review of Books, 19 Aug. 1999, pp. 27-8.
27

23 July 1855: The Friendly Societies Act issued licenses...

National or international item

23 July 1855

The Friendly Societies Act issued licenses and created a system of regulation for these organizations.
Shiman, Lilian Lewis. Crusade against Drink in Victorian England. Macmillan, 1988.
176
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.

27 January 1822: The National Congress of Epidaurus declared...

National or international item

27 January 1822

The National Congress of Epidaurus declared Greek independence from Turkey; in practice, however, this was not fully achieved until 1829.
Kinder, Hermann, and Werner Hilgemann. The Anchor Atlas of World History. Translator Menze, Ernest A., Vol.
2
, Anchor, 1978.
II: 45
Hobsbawm, Eric John. The Age of Revolution 1789-1848. Vintage, 1996.
116
Haydn, Joseph. Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information. Editor Vincent, Benjamin, 23rd ed., Ward, Lock, 1904.

19 April 1775: The first shot of the American War of Independence...

National or international item

19 April 1775

The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired at the village of Lexington, near Concord, Massachusetts.
Thomas, Peter David Garner. Tea Party to Independence: The Third Phase of the American Revolution, 1773-1776. Clarendon, 1991.
227, 228
Langer, William L., editor. An Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged. 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1968.
560

1811: Sir James Lawrence published The Empire of...

Building and people item

1811

Sir James Lawrence published The Empire of the Nairs, or The Rights of Women, an account of the Hindu caste of the Nairs, which he said allowed women the same sexual liberty as men.
Coleman, Deirdre. “Claire Clairmont and Mary Shelley: identification and rivalry within the ’tribe of the Otaheite philosophers’”. Women’s Writing, Vol.
6
, No. 3, 1999, pp. 309-28.
317-18

4 April 1850: The North London Collegiate School for Ladies,...

Building and people item

4 April 1850

The North London Collegiate School for Ladies , founded by Frances Mary Buss as her own venture, re-opened with its new and enduring name at its new address, 46 Camden Street.
Borer, Mary Cathcart. Willingly to School: A History of Women’s Education. Lutterworth Press, 1976.
271
Kamm, Josephine. Indicative Past: A Hundred Years of The Girls’ Public Day School Trust. Allen and Unwin, 1971.
25
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under Buss
Spartacus Educational. 28 Feb. 2003, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/.

30 April 1987: Anna Adams published her poetry volume Six...

Women writers item

30 April 1987

Anna Adams published her poetry volume Six Legs Good.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.
Blackwell’s Online Bookshop. http://Bookshop.Blackwell.co.uk.

Ann Wall

AW , evidently a writer of some ability, is remarkable chiefly for the sensational nature of her single known text, which is the apparently autobiographical (though just possibly fictional) record of her survival of physical...
Ann Wall Advertisement in Ann Wall's "The Life of Lamenther", 1771: a claim to authenticity confirmed by Wall's initials.

8 May 1980: The World Health Organization's Resolution...

Building and people item

8 May 1980

The World Health Organization 's Resolution 33.3 recorded the global eradication of smallpox (announced the previous December).
Pennington, Hugh. “Diary”. London Review of Books, 5 Sept. 2002, pp. 32-3.
33-4

Elizabeth Hervey, 1748 - 1820:

Elizabeth Hervey was the author of six novels published between 1788 and 1814, besides one more, extant in a carefully-bound manuscript, which never reached print. They have something in them of sentiment and something of...
Elizabeth Hervey, 1748 - 1820: Title-page of Elizabeth Hervey's novel "The Mourtray Family", 1800, volume 1.

1935: The Artists International Association (established...

Building and people item

1935

The Artists International Association (established 1933) gave an exhibition entitled Artists against Fascism and War in Soho Square, London. The works of artists Henry Moore , Paul Nash and Robert Medley , among others, were shown.
Windsor, Alan, editor. Handbook of Modern British Painting 1900-1980. Scolar Press, 1992.
12

22 June 1941: Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union (named...

National or international item

22 June 1941

Hitler 's invasion of the Soviet Union (named Operation Barbarossa, and in contravention of the German-Soviet non-aggression pact of 23 August 1939) began with a surprise attack at dawn which destroyed a thousand Soviet planes...

March 1987: A New York Times Book Review piece entitled...

Writer or writing item

March 1987

A New York Times Book Review piece entitled Millions of Books are Turning to Dust—Can They Be Saved? presented an unrealistically alarmist view of the deterioration of paper containing acid.
Baker, Nicholson. Double Fold: Libraries and the Assault on Paper. Random House, 2001.
190-1, 194-5

1857: The Anglican Community of the Holy Cross...

Building and people item

1857

The Anglican Community of the Holy Cross in Haywards Heath was founded by Miss Elizabeth Neale . She was the sister of John Mason Neale , founder of the Society of the Sisters of St Margaret

1906: The Street Betting Act aimed to make off-course...

Building and people item

1906

The Street Betting Act aimed to make off-course betting on horse-races illegal in Britain. This was seen as a class-specific measure, since well-to-do people were more likely to do their betting on the racecourse.
McKibbin, Ross. “Perhaps a Merlot”. London Review of Books, 3 Mar. 2005, pp. 16-17.
16

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Elizabeth, Margravine of Anspach

As Lady Craven in the late eighteenth century, EMA , wrote plays in many genres (from comedy, tragedy, and farce, through pastoral to opera and pantomime), as well as poetry and an unusual novel. Some...
Elizabeth, Margravine of Anspach Black and white photo of a portrait of Elizabeth, Margravine of Anspach (while she was Countess of Craven, during her first marriage, i.e. 1767-83), by Francis Cotes. She has big hair mostly brushed back and trailing strings of pearls, and wears a loosely draped pale dress with plunging neckline, a dark shawl, and an armlet and bracelet.

May 1749: Ralph Griffiths began publishing the Monthly...

Writer or writing item

May 1749

Ralph Griffiths began publishing the Monthly Review.
Griffiths, Ralph, 1720 - 1803, and George Edward Griffiths, editors. Monthly Review. R. Griffiths.
1 (1759)
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

1872: University College of Wales, Aberystwyth,...

Building and people item

1872

University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, opened for male students; in 1889 its charter as a university college gave women equality with men.
Evans, W. Gareth. Education and Female Emancipation: the Welsh Experience, 1847-1914. University of Wales Press, 1990.
7, 42, 209-10, 217, 228, 244
The World of Learning. 45th ed., Allen and Unwin, 1995.
1640

1973: Helen Foley's novel entitled The Pitcher...

Women writers item

1973

Helen Foley 's novel entitled The Pitcher Plant was released by Hodder and Stoughton .
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.