Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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1854: Queen Victoria sat for the first photographic...

Building item

1854

Queen Victoria sat for the first photographic portraits of the royal family, taken by Roger Fenton .
Hannavy, John. Masters of Victorian Photography. David and Charles, 1976.
67

1854: The Pure Literature Society was founded under...

Writing climate item

1854

The Pure Literature Society was founded under Lord Shaftesbury 's leadership with the aim of stemming the increasingly sensational tide in evangelical literature.
Jay, Elisabeth. The Religion of the Heart: Anglican Evangelicalism and the Nineteenth-Century Novel. Clarendon Press, 1979.
200

3 January 1854: British and French fleets sailed for the...

National or international item

3 January 1854

British and French fleets sailed for the Black Sea to support the Turks against Russia in the looming Crimean War.
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
205

Anne Evans: Biography: After 6 January 1854

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Evans: Biography

After 6 January 1854

AE briefly visited the Thackerays at their home in Kensington Square, London.
Ritchie, Anne Thackeray, and Anne Evans. “Preface”. Anne Evans: Poems and Music, C. Kegan Paul, 1880, p. vii - xxix.
ix
Gérin, Winifred. Anne Thackeray Ritchie: A Biography. Oxford University Press, 1981.
89
Ray, Gordon Norton. Thackeray: The Age of Wisdom (1847 - 1863). McGraw-Hill, 1958, 2 vols.
2: 1

Catherine Crowe: By 7 January 1854

Women writers item
Author event in Catherine Crowe

By 7 January 1854

CC published her fifth novel, Linny Lockwood.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

By 14 January 1854: Sydney Thompson Dobell published Balder,...

Writing climate item

By 14 January 1854

Sydney Thompson Dobell published Balder, a spasmodic verse drama in which the poet murders his mad wife.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1368 (14 January 1854): 49-50
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.

Rosina Bulwer Lytton, Baroness Lytton: By 15 April 1854

Women writers item

By 15 April 1854

Rosina Bulwer Lytton (later Baroness Lytton) published Behind the Scenes, A Novel, in three volumes.
Lytton, Rosina Bulwer Lytton, Baroness. “Introduction”. A Blighted Life, edited by Marie Mulvey Roberts, Thoemmes, 1994, p. vi - xxxvi.
xxxv
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1381 (1854): 460-1

Charlotte Yonge: By 28 January 1854

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Yonge

By 28 January 1854

CY published a historical novel for children, The Little Duke; or, Richard the Fearless, again as by the author of The Heir of Redclyffe.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1370 (1854): 117

Catherine Crowe: February 1854

Women writers item
Author event in Catherine Crowe

February 1854

CC suffered a brief but severe attack of delusional insanity.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

February 1854: A Governors' Report set out the intentions...

Building item

February 1854

A Governors' Report set out the intentions for Cheltenham Ladies' College , now opening as an exclusive boarding school at Cheltenham in Gloucestershire. For some years this school filled the function of a University...

Matilda Hays: 17 February 1854

Women writers item
Author event in Matilda Hays

17 February 1854

Four months after leaving Charlotte Cushman and departing for Italy, MH returned to England seeking a reconciliation with her former partner.
Merrill, Lisa. When Romeo Was a Woman. University of Michigan Press, 1999.
180

23 February 1854: In the Convention of Bloemfontein, the British...

National or international item

23 February 1854

In the Convention of Bloemfontein, the British relinquished jurisdiction over the Orange River, and the Orange Free State was formed.
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
I: 620, 694
Williams, Neville. Chronology of the Modern World: 1763 to the Present Time. David McKay, 1967.
224

Charlotte Yonge: 26 February 1854

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Yonge

26 February 1854

CY 's father died at home, of a stroke, immediately after seeing his son off to the Crimean War.
Battiscombe, Georgina, and E. M. Delafield. Charlotte Mary Yonge: The Story of an Uneventful Life. Constable and Company, 1943.
82

27 February 1854: Napoleon III and the British government jointly...

National or international item

27 February 1854

Napoleon III and the British government jointly sent an ultimatum to Russia requiring the withdrawal of Russian forces from the Danubian Principalities.
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
205

Margaret Harkness: 28 February 1854

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Harkness

28 February 1854

Margaret Elise Harkness was born at either Great Malvern or Upton on Severn in Worcestershire.
She is listed as unmarried and aged twenty-six in the British census of 1881. The Feminist Companion erroneously dates...

Isabella Bird: March 1854

Women writers item
Author event in Isabella Bird

March 1854

IB described the state of Portsmouth in two articles for The Leisure Hour and in a set of private letters (later a printed pamphlet) about naval preparations for the Crimean War.
Stoddart, Anna M. The Life of Isabella Bird (Mrs. Bishop). John Murray, 1906.
28

Elizabeth Siddal: By Spring 1854

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Siddal

By Spring 1854

ES had met some female associates of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood : artists Anna Mary Howitt (daughter of Mary Howitt ) and Barbara Leigh Smith (later Bodichon), as well as Bessie Rayner Parkes .

Elizabeth Siddal: By Spring 1854

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Siddal

By Spring 1854

ES was preparing illustrations for ballads by William Allingham ; she also worked on engravings for texts by Wordsworth , Scott , Tennyson , and Browning .
Marsh, Jan, and Pamela Gerrish Nunn. Women Artists and the Pre-Raphaelite Movement. Virago, 1989.
66

Christina Rossetti: March 1854

Women writers item
Author event in Christina Rossetti

March 1854

The Rossetti family was reunited again and living together in William Michael 's house at 45 Upper Albany Street, London—all but Dante Gabriel , who by this time had chambers of his own.
Rossetti, Christina. “Memoir; Notes”. The Poetical Works of Christina Georgina Rossetti, edited by William Michael Rossetti, Norwood, 1979, pp. xlv - lxxi; 459.
li
Marsh, Jan. Christina Rossetti: A Writer’s Life. Viking, 1995.
149-50
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

March 1854: The City of Glasgow, a 227-foot ship carrying...

Building item

March 1854

The City of Glasgow, a 227-foot ship carrying 480 people, left Liverpool for New York; on the voyage it disappeared without a trace.
Bruno, Leonard. On the Move: A Chronology of Advances in Transportation. Gale Research, 1993.
102

Camilla Crosland: By 4 March 1854

Women writers item
Author event in Camilla Crosland

By 4 March 1854

Camilla Crosland published under her married name her collection of biographical studies, Memorable Women: The Story of Their Lives.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1375 (1854): 277-8

Adelaide O'Keeffe: By 4 March 1854

Women writers item
Author event in Adelaide O'Keeffe

By 4 March 1854

AOK published a historical novel, The Broken Sword, which seems to be her final work.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1375 (4 March 1854): 277

By 4 March 1854: Northcote and Trevelyan published their Report...

Building item

By 4 March 1854

Northcote and Trevelyan published their Report on the Organization of the Permanent Civil Service.
Cohen, Emmeline W. The Growth of the British Civil Service 1780-1939. Archon Books, 1965, http://U of G.
98-104

Caroline Leakey: By 18 March 1854

Women writers item
Author event in Caroline Leakey

By 18 March 1854

CL published in both London and Hobart Town a collection of poems, Lyra Australis; or, Attempts to Sing in a Strange Land.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1377 (1854): 334
Samuels, Selina, editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 230. Gale Research, 2000.
230: 245

Margaret Oliphant: 28 March 1854

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Oliphant

28 March 1854

MO wrote to ask William Blackwood for a position on his magazine reviewing novels: this was the beginning of fifty years' work in that capacity.
Jay, Elisabeth. Mrs Oliphant: "A Fiction to Herself": A Literary Life. Clarendon Press, 1995.
15, 309n8