Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Christian Isobel Johnstone: June 1834

Writing climate item

June 1834

CIJ 's Johnstone's Edinburgh Magazine (a small enterprise) merged with the larger Tait's Edinburgh Magazine.
Houghton, Walter E., and Jean Harris Slingerland, editors. The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. University of Toronto Press, 1966–1989, 5 vols.
4: 478

L. E. L.: June 1834

Women writers item
Author event in L. E. L.

June 1834

LEL and a female friend visited France, where they stayed in Boulogne and Paris.
Stephenson, Glennis. Letitia Landon: The Woman Behind L.E.L. Manchester University Press, 1995.
46

L. E. L.: 1834

Women writers item
Author event in L. E. L.

1834

LEL and John Forster , editor of The Examiner, became engaged, but she rapidly terminated the arrangement.
L. E. L. “Critical Materials”. Letitia Elizabeth Landon: Selected Writings, edited by Jerome McGann and Daniel Riess, Broadview, 1997, p. various pages.
33
Stephenson, Glennis. Letitia Landon: The Woman Behind L.E.L. Manchester University Press, 1995.
47

6 June 1834: The sixth Earl of Selkirk agreed to return...

National or international item

6 June 1834

The sixth Earl of Selkirk agreed to return Assiniboia (now Saskatchewan) to the Hudson Bay Company for £15,000 of Company stock.
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
II: 458

Fanny Kemble: 7 June 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Fanny Kemble

7 June 1834

FK married Pierce M. Butler , a future plantation owner, at Christ Church in Philadelphia.
Earlier sources said she married in January.
Clinton, Catherine. Fanny Kemble’s Civil Wars. Simon and Schuster, 2000.
72
Marshall, Dorothy. Fanny Kemble. Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1977.
104
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Adey, Lionel, editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 32. Gale Research, 1984.
177

Anna Brownell Jameson: By 28 June 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Brownell Jameson

By 28 June 1834

ABJ published Visits and Sketches at Home and Abroad, her first work of non-fictional travel writing, which includes discussions of German art and culture.
Visits and Sketches at Home and Abroad was published in...

Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, first Baron Lytton: July 1834

Writing climate item

July 1834

Edward Bulwer 's hugely successful The Last Days of Pompeii appeared, as by the author of Pelham, in three volumes; another historical novel, Rienzi (based on the play of the same name by Mary Russell Mitford

Charlotte Guest: 3 July 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Guest

3 July 1834

CG bore her first child, Maria: she was half-way through writing a letter when I was taken ill. At two my dear child was born. I was soon pretty well.
Guest, Charlotte. Extracts from her Journal, 1833–1852. Editor Bessborough, Vere Brabazon Ponsonby, Earl of, John Murray, 1950.
31

Lady Charlotte Bury: By 4 July 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Lady Charlotte Bury

By 4 July 1834

LCB , again as the authoress of Flirtation, published with Bentley a volume containing two novellas: The Disinherited; and, The Ensnared.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
350 (1834): 518
Mudge, Bradford Keyes, editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 116. Gale Research, 1992.
63

Mary Russell Mitford: By 5 July 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Russell Mitford

By 5 July 1834

MRM 's Charles the First , an Historical Tragedy, in five acts was performed at the Victoria Theatre in south London, after running into censorship trouble.
Mudge, Bradford Keyes, editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 116. Gale Research, 1992.
116: 194

Frances Trollope: By mid July 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Frances Trollope

By mid July 1834

Expelled from their home in Harrow, FT arranged to move her children and her sickly husband to Belgium to avoid their creditors, to a house called Château d'Hondt outside Bruges.
Trollope, Frances Eleanor. Frances Trollope: Her Life and Literary Work from George III to Victoria. AMS Press, 1975, 2 vols.
I: 206
Johnston, Johanna. The Life, Manners, and Travels of Fanny Trollope: A Biography. Hawthorn Books, 1978.
138-9
Heineman, Helen. Mrs. Trollope: The Triumphant Feminine in the Nineteenth Century. Ohio University Press, 1979.
115

Georgiana Fullerton: 15 July 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Georgiana Fullerton

15 July 1834

GF gave birth to her only child, a son named William Granville Fullerton , in Paris.
Craven, Pauline. Life of Lady Georgiana Fullerton. Translator Coleridge, Henry James, 2nd revised, R. Bentley and Son, 1888.
65

16 July 1834: William Lamb, Lord Melbourne, a Whig, became...

National or international item

16 July 1834

William Lamb, Lord Melbourne , a Whig, became Prime Minister after Lord Grey 's resignation.
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
I: 205
Fryde, Edmund Boleslaw. Handbook of British Chronology. Editors Greenway, D. E. et al., 3rd ed., Offices of the Royal Historical Society, 1986.
114
Chedzoy, Alan. A Scandalous Woman: The Story of Caroline Norton. Allison and Busby, 1995.
92

Anne Hart Gilbert: 18 July 1834

Writing climate item
Author event in Anne Hart Gilbert

18 July 1834

AHG died, just one year and two days after her husband .
Gilbert, John et al. Memoir of J.G. 1835.
44ff

Mary Ann Browne: By 19 July 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Ann Browne

By 19 July 1834

MAB published another poetry volume, The Birth-Day Gift.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
351 (1834): 536

Maria Callcott: By 19 July 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Maria Callcott

By 19 July 1834

MC 's A Letter to the President and Members of the Geological Society re-stated arguments she had already put forward in a periodical paper against the theories of G. B. Greenough .
Athenæum. J. Lection.
351 (1834): 536

Frances Trollope: By mid-July 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Frances Trollope

By mid-July 1834

FT produced a travel book entitled Belgium and Western Germany in 1833.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge: 25 July 1834

Writing climate item
Author event in Samuel Taylor Coleridge

25 July 1834

STC , poet and critic, died after a long illness.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
Ashton, Rosemary. The Life of Samuel Taylor Coleridge: A Critical Biography. Blackwell, 1996.
406
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

25 July 1834: The Superannuation Act legalized deductions...

Building item

25 July 1834

The Superannuation Act legalized deductions from the salaries of all Civil Servants to pay for pensions that could be claimed before the age of sixty-five (though retirement was not yet mandatory) only by those retiring...

1 August 1834: The Slavery Abolition Act or Emancipation...

National or international item

1 August 1834

The Slavery Abolition Act or Emancipation Bill came into effect in the British Empire.
Haydn, Joseph. Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information. Editor Vincent, Benjamin, 21st ed., Ward, Lock and Bowden, 1895.
1137
Colley, Linda. Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707-1837. Yale University Press, 1992.
355
Williams, Helen Maria. A Poem on the Bill Lately Passed for Regulating the Slave Trade. T. Cadell, 1788, http://BL.
175
Langer, William L., editor. An Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged. 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1968.
657
Halbersleben, Karen I. Women’s Participation in the British Antislavery Movement, 1824-1865. Edwin Mellen Press, 1993.
202-9
Corfield, Kenneth. “Elizabeth Heyrick: Radical Quaker”. Religion in the Lives of English Women, 1760-1930, edited by Gail Malmgreen, Croom Helm, 1986, pp. 41-67.
48

Harriet Martineau: 9 August 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Harriet Martineau

9 August 1834

HM sailed for America with a young companion, Louisa Jeffrey , for a visit which lasted about two years.
Martineau, Harriet. “Introduction and Editorial Materials”. Selected Letters, edited by Valerie Sanders, Clarendon Press, 1990, pp. vii - xxxiii, 235.
xxi-xxii
Webb, Robert Kiefer. Harriet Martineau: A Radical Victorian. Columbia University Press, 1960.
140-1

14 August 1834: The Poor Law Amendment Act, known as the...

National or international item

14 August 1834

The Poor Law Amendment Act, known as the New Poor Law, centralized the administration of poor relief.
Royle, Edward. Chartism. Longman, 1980.
14, 15
Thompson, Dorothy, 1923 - 2011, editor. The Early Chartists. Macmillan, 1971.
37
Thompson, Dorothy, 1923 - 2011. Outsiders: Class, Gender and Nation. Verso, 1993.
83
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
1: 205
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.
1834: 376ff
Sweet, Matthew. Inventing the Victorians. St Martin’s Press, 2001.
3

15 August 1834: The South Australia Act was passed, allowing...

National or international item

15 August 1834

The South Australia Act was passed, allowing the establishment of a new colony.
Cook, Chris, and John, 1946 - Stevenson. The Longman Handbook of Modern British History, 1714-1995. 3rd ed., Longman, 1996.
330
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
259

Anne Lister: September 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Lister

September 1834

Ann Walker , AL 's final partner, came to live with her at Shibden Hall.
Lister, Anne. No Priest But Love. Editor Whitbread, Helena, New York University Press, 1992.
206

Caroline Norton: September-December 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Caroline Norton

September-December 1834

CN travelled in Europe in a family party including her sisters, one of her brothers, and her husband : they went as far as Germany and home through Paris.
Chedzoy, Alan. A Scandalous Woman: The Story of Caroline Norton. Allison and Busby, 1995.
92-7