Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Autumn 1834: Charles Babbage envisioned the Analytical...

Building item

Autumn 1834

Charles Babbage envisioned the Analytical Engine or calculating machine, an advance on his previous work on the Difference Engine and precursor to the modern computer.
Hyman, Anthony. Charles Babbage: Pioneer of the Computer. Princeton University Press, 1982.
1, 164-6, 253
Hyman, Anthony, editor. Science and Reform: Selected Works of Charles Babbage. Cambridge University Press, 1989.
242
Swade, Doron. Charles Babbage and his Calculating Engines. Science Museum, 1991.
30
Stanley, Autumn. Mothers and Daughters of Invention: Notes for a Revised History of Technology. Scarecrow Press, 1993.
633
Baum, Joan. The Calculating Passion of Ada Byron. Archon Books, 1986.
66ff, 105

Isabel Hill: 9 September 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Isabel Hill

9 September 1834

My Own Twin Brother, a play or farce written collaboratively by IH and her brother Benson Earle Hill , was first produced at the English Opera House .
Hill, Benson Earle. “Memoir of the Late Isabel Hill”. The Monthly Magazine, Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper, Feb. 1842.
186

Catherine Gore : 10 September 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Catherine Gore

10 September 1834

CG 's new play, The Queen's Champion, opened as an afterpiece at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket : it was translated from a French vaudeville entertainment.
Gore, Catherine. “Introduction”. Gore on Stage: The Plays of Catherine Gore, edited by John Franceschina, Garland, 1999, pp. 1-34.
7
Gore, Catherine. Gore on Stage: The Plays of Catherine Gore. Editor Franceschina, John, Garland, 1999.
158

Elizabeth Gaskell: 12 September 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Gaskell

12 September 1834

EG 's first surviving daughter, Marianne , was born.
Uglow, Jennifer S. Elizabeth Gaskell: A Habit of Stories. Faber and Faber, 1993.
92

Sarah Flower Adams: 24 September 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Sarah Flower Adams

24 September 1834

Sarah Flower married William Bridges Adams , engineer and inventor, at St John's parish church, Hackney.
Stephenson, Harold William. The Author of Nearer, My God, to Thee (Sarah Flower Adams). Lindsey Press, 1922.
38-9

Sarah Flower Adams: From late 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Sarah Flower Adams

From late 1834

SFA and her husband settled in Brecknock Terrace, Camden Town, where they lived for six years.
Stephenson, Harold William. The Author of Nearer, My God, to Thee (Sarah Flower Adams). Lindsey Press, 1922.
39

Anna Jane Vardill: October 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Jane Vardill

October 1834

John Abraham Heraud published in Fraser's Magazine his Reminiscences of Coleridge; in a detailed discussion of Christobell, A Gothic Tale, he inclined to the view that it was the work of Coleridge , not AJV .
qtd. in
Haven, Richard. “Anna Vardill Niven’s ’Christobell’: An Addendum”. The Wordsworth Circle, Vol.
7
, No. 2, 1 Mar.–31 May 1976, pp. 117-18.
117

Mary Somerville: October 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Somerville

October 1834

William Potter , a shipbuilder, successfully sought MS 's permission to name one of his vessels after her.
Patterson, Elizabeth Chambers. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science, 1815-1840. Martinus Nijhoff, 1983.
142

Charlotte Brontë: 14 October 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Brontë

14 October 1834

CB 's My Angria and the Angrians moved towards more realistic writing in its satirical portraits of family and community members.
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press, 1994.
207-8

16 October 1834: Fire destroyed the British Houses of Parliament,...

National or international item

16 October 1834

Fire destroyed the British Houses of Parliament, which were then rebuilt from 1841 to 1863 in the Gothic style.
Phillips, Janet, and Peter Phillips. Victorians at Home and Away. Croom Helm, 1978.
44
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
259
Bell, Quentin. Victorian Artists. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967.
24
Maas, Jeremy. Victorian Painters. Barrie and Jenkins, 1978.
14

Henrietta Rouviere Mosse: By 19 October 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Henrietta Rouviere Mosse

By 19 October 1834

HRM died at her lodgings in 6 Somers Town Terrace, London after a paralytic stroke, in a state of great destitution in a miserable attic. She was buried on the 19th.
Her washerwoman and her...

George Sand: From Winter 1834-5

Writing climate item
Author event in George Sand

From Winter 1834-5

In Venice, GS had a romantic liaison with a doctor, Pietro Pagello , who was attending Alfred de Musset .
Cate, Curtis. George Sand. Houghton Mifflin, 1975.
296

1 November 1834: A twopenny weekly for women entitled The...

Writing climate item

1 November 1834

A twopenny weekly for women entitled The Englishwoman began publication in London.
Palmegiano, Eugenia M. Women and British Periodicals, 1832-1867: A Bibliography. Garland, 1976.
5

Anna Eliza Bray: By 2 November 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Eliza Bray

By 2 November 1834

AEB published her sixth novel, Warleigh; or, The Fatal Oak, A Legend of Devon, a historical romance in three volumes with a dedication to Robert Southey .
Kirk, John Foster, and S. Austin Allibone, editors. A Supplement to Allibone’s Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American Authors. J. B. Lippincott, 1891, 2 vols.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
Todd, Janet, editor. Dictionary of British Women Writers. Routledge, 1989.
Bray, Anna Eliza. Autobiography of Anna Eliza Bray. Editor Kempe, John A., Chapman and Hall, 1884.
289
Bray, Anna Eliza. The Novels and Romances of Anna Eliza Bray. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1845–1846, 10 vols.
6: prelims

L. E. L.: By 8 November 1834

Women writers item
Author event in L. E. L.

By 8 November 1834

LEL 's second novel, Francesca Carrara, was published, as by the author of Romance and Reality.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
367 (1834): 818
L. E. L. “Critical Materials”. Letitia Elizabeth Landon: Selected Writings, edited by Jerome McGann and Daniel Riess, Broadview, 1997, p. various pages.
33
Stephenson, Glennis. Letitia Landon: The Woman Behind L.E.L. Manchester University Press, 1995.
4

Medora Gordon Byron: After 14 November 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Medora Gordon Byron

After 14 November 1834

A play entitled Zameo, acted this year, was printed with Jane Briancourt 's account of its supposed author as Memoir of Medora Gordon Byron. As the facts are given, this cannot be the...

14 November 1834: George Stephen told Anne Knight that women,...

National or international item

14 November 1834

George Stephen told Anne Knight that women, banded together in Ladies' Societies, deserved most credit for the recent Abolition Act.
Corfield, Kenneth. “Elizabeth Heyrick: Radical Quaker”. Religion in the Lives of English Women, 1760-1930, edited by Gail Malmgreen, Croom Helm, 1986, pp. 41-67.
48-50 and n68

17 November 1834: The Duke of Wellington was appointed First...

National or international item

17 November 1834

The Duke of Wellington was appointed First Lord of the Treasury and Secretary of State after the dismissal of the Whig Party by King William IV .
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Margaret Holford, the elder: November 1834

Women writers item

November 1834

Margaret Holford the elder died at Chester (the town of her birth), in her early seventies.
Baillie, Joanna. The Collected Letters of Joanna Baillie. Editor Slagle, Judith Bailey, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1999, 2 vols.
2: 648

Anna Maria Hall: Probably late 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Maria Hall

Probably late 1834

AMH published a collection of stories, Tales of Woman's Trials. It bore the date of 1835, but was noticed by the Athenæum on 29 November 1834.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
Keane, Maureen. Mrs. S.C. Hall: A Literary Biography. Colin Smythe, 1997.
217
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

Lydia Howard Sigourney: December 1834

Writing climate item
Author event in Lydia Howard Sigourney

December 1834

LHS published a small volume entitled simply Poems, a couple of years after her family became dependent on her literary earnings.
Blanck, Jacob et al., editors. Bibliography of American Literature. Yale University Press, 1955–1991, 9 vols.
7: 439
Watts, Emily Stipes. The Poetry of American Women from 1632 to 1945. University of Texas Press, 1977.
84

Catherine Gore : 3 December 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Catherine Gore

3 December 1834

CG 's next play, Modern Honour; or, The Sharper in High Life, opened at Covent Garden , only to prove her first unequivocal flop.
Gore, Catherine. “Introduction”. Gore on Stage: The Plays of Catherine Gore, edited by John Franceschina, Garland, 1999, pp. 1-34.
9

Anne Lister: December 1834-January 1835

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Lister

December 1834-January 1835

AL outspokenly supported Tory candidates in a notoriously violent and murkyHalifax borough election campaign.
Birch, Dinah. “Grubbling”. London Review of Books, 21 Jan. 1999, pp. 10-11.
11
Lister, Anne. Female Fortune: Land, Gender and Authority. Editor Liddington, Jill, Rivers Oram Press, 1998.
132-43

George Sand: By 6 December 1834

Writing climate item
Author event in George Sand

By 6 December 1834

GS published the novel Jacques, a forthright critique of marriage as an institution.
Jordan, Ruth. George Sand: A Biographical Portrait. Taplinger, 1976.
111
Athenæum. J. Lection.
371 (1834): 883

10 December 1834: Sir Robert Peel, a Conservative, became the...

National or international item

10 December 1834

Sir Robert Peel , a Conservative, became the Prime Minister of Britain.
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
491