Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Ann Radcliffe: By June 1789

Women writers item
Author event in Ann Radcliffe

By June 1789

Two months after her marriage, AR anonymously issued her first, short novel, The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne. A Highland Story.
Norton, Rictor. Mistress of Udolpho: The Life of Ann Radcliffe. Leicester University Press, 1999.
57n15

Ann Gomersall: By June 1789

Women writers item
Author event in Ann Gomersall

By June 1789

AG published her first work, Eleonora, A Novel, in a Series of Letters, by subscription, as a female inhabitant of Leeds in Yorkshire.
Garside, Peter et al., editors. The English Novel 1770-1829. Oxford University Press, 2000, 2 vols.
1: 473

June 1789: Henry Grattan and others founded the Whig...

National or international item

June 1789

Henry Grattan and others founded the Whig Club in Dublin, one of whose aims was to prevent Union with England.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

By June 1789: William Lisle Bowles published Fourteen Sonnets,...

Writing climate item

By June 1789

William Lisle Bowles published Fourteen Sonnets, Elegiac and Descriptive, Written during a Tour.
Critical Review. W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, 5 series.
67 (1789): 504

Hester Lynch Piozzi: Probably 4 June 1789

Women writers item
Author event in Hester Lynch Piozzi

Probably 4 June 1789

HLP published with Cadell her Observations and Reflections Made in the Course of a Journey through France, Italy, and Germany.
Clifford, James L. Hester Lynch Piozzi (Mrs Thrale). Clarendon Press, 1987.
342-3

Anna Maria Mackenzie: 6 June 1789

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Maria Mackenzie

6 June 1789

Anna Maria Johnson (later Mackenzie) gave her name (as Mrs Johnson, Author of Retribution, Gamesters, &c.) on her novel Calista, the first she published with William Lane of the Minerva Press .
Garside, Peter et al., editors. The English Novel 1770-1829. Oxford University Press, 2000, 2 vols.
1: 478

17 June 1789: In France the Third Estate assumed the title...

National or international item

17 June 1789

In France the Third Estate assumed the title of National Assembly , and called on deputies from other estates (the nobles and clergy) to join them.
Kafker, Frank A., and James M. Laux, editors. The French Revolution: Conflicting Interpretations. 4th ed., R. E. Krieger, 1989.
x
Paxton, John. Companion to the French Revolution. Facts on File, 1988.
214

Hannah More: Just after 23 June 1789

Women writers item
Author event in Hannah More

Just after 23 June 1789

Horace Walpole printed HM 's Bishop Bonner 's Ghost in an edition of 200 copies from his Strawberry Hill Press .
Walpole, Horace. The Letters of Horace Walpole. Editor Toynbee, Mrs Paget, Clarendon, 1903–1925, 16 vols.
1: lv; 14: 145, 155

27 June 1789: Louis XVI ordered the First and Second Estates...

National or international item

27 June 1789

Louis XVI ordered the First and Second Estates (nobility and clergy) to sit with the Third Estate in the French National Assembly.
Paxton, John. Companion to the French Revolution. Facts on File, 1988.
214

Eliza Fenwick: By 28 June 1789

Women writers item
Author event in Eliza Fenwick

By 28 June 1789

EF bore her daughter, Eliza Anne (baptised on this day), the elder of her two surviving children and a future actress and schoolmistress.
Paul, Lissa. Eliza Fenwick, Early Modern Feminist. University of Delaware Press, 2019.
55

Charlotte Smith: Summer 1789

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Smith

Summer 1789

CS 's second novel was published: Ethelinde; or, The Recluse of the Lake, which has a strong gothic flavour.
Fletcher, Loraine. Charlotte Smith: A Critical Biography. Macmillan, 1998.
119
Smith, Charlotte. “Introduction”. Emmeline, the Orphan of the Castle, edited by Anne Henry Ehrenpreis, Oxford University Press, 1971.
xxiii

Sarah Wentworth Morton: July 1789

Writing climate item
Author event in Sarah Wentworth Morton

July 1789

The earliest identified publication of poetry by SWM was her Invocation to Hope, which appeared as by Constantia in the columns of the Massachusetts Magazine (which had been launched that January).
American National Biography. http://www.anb.org/articles/home.html.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.
Pendleton, Emily, and Milton Ellis. Philenia. University of Maine Press, 1931.
41

July 1789: The ship Lady Julia sailed from Portsmouth,...

National or international item

July 1789

The ship Lady Julia sailed from Portsmouth, taking 237 female convicts to Botany Bay in Australia, where they were intended to marry and bear children by the so far all-male convict settlers.
Wilson, Frances. “Searching for a wife on the ocean wave”. Guardian Weekly, 18–24 Jan. 2001, p. 17.
17
Feminist Companion Archive.
under Parker
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.

11 July 1789: Louis XVI dismissed Necker from the post...

National or international item

11 July 1789

Louis XVI dismissed Necker from the post of Director of Finances and Minister of State.
Kafker, Frank A., and James M. Laux, editors. The French Revolution: Conflicting Interpretations. 4th ed., R. E. Krieger, 1989.
x
Soboul, Albert. The French Revolution 1787-1799. Translators Forrest, Alan and Colin Jones, Vintage, 1975.
137-41
Lefebvre, Georges. “A Series of Class Revolts”. The French Revolution: Conflicting Interpretations, edited by Frank A. Kafker et al., 4th Edition, R. E. Krieger, 1989, pp. 3-33.
20, 26-7

Grace Elliott: 12 July 1789

Women writers item
Author event in Grace Elliott

12 July 1789

GE , after spending the day with the duc d'Orléans and other friends in a forest outside Paris, returned to find all in confusion and tumult:
Elliott, Grace. Journal of My Life during the French Revolution. Rodale Press, 1955.
1
one street full of armed troops...

Janet Little: 12 July 1789

Women writers item
Author event in Janet Little

12 July 1789

JL tried to initiate a correspondence with Robert Burns . At this date he was widely known by his nickname of the ploughman poet, and Little was frankly partial to him because of his class.
Paterson, James. “Janet Little, the Scottish Milkmaid”. The Contemporaries of Burns, edited by James Paterson, AMS Press, 1976, pp. 78-91.
79
Ferguson, Moira. Eighteenth-Century Women Poets: Nation, Class, and Gender. State University of New York Press, 1995.
92, 95

Grace Elliott: 13 July 1789

Women writers item
Author event in Grace Elliott

13 July 1789

On a day when murders were done in the streets of Paris, GE went out in the evening (to her jeweller, she said) and met a mob of soldiers who thrust a decapitated head...

Janet Little: 13 July 1789

Women writers item
Author event in Janet Little

13 July 1789

Frances Anna Dunlop , her employer, sent a specimen of JL 's poetry to Robert Burns .
Burns, Robert, and Frances Anna Dunlop. Robert Burns and Mrs. Dunlop. Editor Wallace, William, 1843 - 1921, Hodder and Stoughton, 1898, http://BARD.
185, 203-4

Sydney Owenson, Lady Morgan: 14 July 1789 to summer 1792

Women writers item

14 July 1789 to summer 1792

Sydney Owenson and her sister attended Madame Terson's Academy, in Clontarf near Dublin.
She says she began school on 14 July, day of commemoration of the Battle of the Boyne, although the battle took...

14 July 1789: The Bastille, the most notorious prison in...

National or international item

14 July 1789

The Bastille, the most notorious prison in Paris, was stormed and liberated by a revolutionary mob; the date became symbolic of the Revolution.
Kafker, Frank A., and James M. Laux, editors. The French Revolution: Conflicting Interpretations. 4th ed., R. E. Krieger, 1989.
x
Elson Roessler, Shirley. Out of the Shadows: Women and Politics in the French Revolution, 1789-95. Peter Lang, 1996.
8

24 July 1789: Marie Antoinette wrote for her children's...

Building item

24 July 1789

Marie Antoinette wrote for her children's governess Instructions donnè à la marquise de Tourzel, which was later published among her letters.
Chisholm, Hugh, editor. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Eleventh, Cambridge University Press, 1911.
17: 710n2

Catherine Fanshawe: August 1789

Women writers item
Author event in Catherine Fanshawe

August 1789

The earliest dated writing by CF that survives is the sonnet she wrote on the death of her brother, which she addressed to her mother.
Fanshawe, Catherine. Memorials of Miss Catherine Maria Fanshawe. Editor Harness, William, Privately printed by Vacher and Sons, 1865.
56

Elizabeth Inchbald: August 1789

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Inchbald

August 1789

EI made revisions to her ten-year-old draft of A Simple Story, basing them on suggestions from the novelist Thomas Holcroft .
Manvell, Roger. Elizabeth Inchbald: England’s Principal Woman Dramatist and Independent Woman of Letters in 18th Century London. University Press of America, 1987.
42

Elizabeth Inchbald: By August 1789

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Inchbald

By August 1789

EI 's comedy The Married Man (adapted from Le philosophe marié by Néricault Destouches ) was published as acted at the Haymarket .
Critical Review. W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, 5 series.
68 (1789): 157

Eliza Parsons: 11 August 1789

Women writers item
Author event in Eliza Parsons

11 August 1789

James Parsons , EP 's husband, died of stroke shortly before this, the date of his funeral. He left her with their eight children to support.
Morton, Karen. A Life Marketed as Fiction. An Analysis of the Works of Eliza Parsons. Valancourt Books, 2011.
7