Women’s Writing in the British Isles from the Beginnings to the Present
Virginia Woolf
-
Standard Name: Woolf, Virginia
Birth Name: Adeline Virginia Stephen
Nickname: Ginia
Married Name: Adeline Virginia Woolf
Thousands of readers over three or four generations have known that Virginia Woolf was—by a beadle—denied access to the library of a great university. They may have known, too, that she was a leading intellect of the twentieth century. If they are feminist readers they will know that she thought . . . back through her mothers and also sideways through her sisters and that she contributed more than any other in the twentieth century to the recovery of women's writing.
Marcus, Jane. “Introduction”. New Feminist Essays on Virginia Woolf, edited by Jane Marcus, Macmillan, 1981, p. i - xx.
xiv
Educated in her father's library and in a far more than usually demanding school of life, she radically altered the course not only of the English tradition but also of the several traditions of literature in English.
Froula, Christine. Virginia Woolf and the Bloomsbury Avant-Garde. Columbia University Press, 2005.
2
She wrote prodigiously—nine published novels, as well as stories, essays (including two crucial books on feminism, its relation to education and to war), diaries, letters, biographies (both serious and burlesque), and criticism. As a literary journalist in a wide range of forums, she addressed the major social issues of her time in more than a million words.
Woolf, Virginia. “Introduction; Editorial Note”. The Essays of Virginia Woolf, edited by Andrew McNeillie, Hogarth Press, 1986–1994, pp. vols. 1 - 4: various pages.
ix
She left a richly documented life in words, inventing a modern fiction, theorising modernity, writing the woman into the picture. She built this outstandingly influential work, which has had its impact on both writing and life, on her personal experience, and her fictions emerge to a striking degree from her life, her gender, and her moment in history. In a sketch of her career written to Ethel Smyth
she said that a short story called An Unwritten Novelwas the great discovery . . . . That—again in one second—showed me how I could embody all my deposit of experience in a shape that fitted it.
Woolf, Virginia. The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Editors Nicolson, Nigel and Joanne Trautmann, Hogarth Press, 1975–1980, 6 vols.
Not surprisingly, the article came under attack from many directions. Dame Ethel Smyth
responded in the next issue of the Sunday Times: It surprises me that so brilliant an intelligence should not remember that...
Literary responses
Jane Welsh Carlyle
Virginia Woolf
declared in Geraldine
and Jane (in The Second Common Reader) that JWC
's letters owe their incomparable brilliancy to the hawk-like swoop and descent of her mind upon facts.
Woolf, Virginia, and Virginia Woolf. “Geraldine and Jane”. The Second Common Reader, Hogarth Press, 1932, pp. 186-01.
198
Literary responses
E. H. Young
Mary Ross
found in this novel a quality of humanism and the play of an intelligence which understands and accepts the emotions.
qtd. in
Mezei, Kathy, and Chiara Briganti. “’She must be a very good novelist’: Rereading E. H. Young (1880-1949)”. English Studies in Canada, Vol.
27
, No. 3, Sept. 2001, pp. 303-31.
313
Ironically, while The Spectator reviewer attributed to EHYtoo studious an acquaintanceship...
Literary responses
Christina Stead
From her first discovery until this point in her career, CS
was held in high esteem by the literary worlds of London (always excepting her damning reviews in the Times Literary Supplement) and New...
Literary responses
Elinor Mordaunt
This received the accolade of a warm welcome in the Times Literary Supplement from the highly critical young Virginia Woolf
. The novel confirmed her sense that EMtakes a very high place among living...
Literary responses
Vera Brittain
The book was widely and favourably reviewed. Lady Rhondda
found it [e]xtraordinarily interesting. I sat up reading it till long past my usual bedtime and have been reading it again all this morning.
qtd. in
Gorham, Deborah. Vera Brittain: A Feminist Life. Blackwell, 1996.
1
Virginia Woolf
Literary responses
Ethel Wilson
Feminist responses to EW
's work emerged in the 1970s. Maggie Lloyd Vardoe's decision to leave a loveless marriage and independently pursue a more fulfilling one was lauded as radical for its time. In the...
Literary responses
Rose Macaulay
Potterism was both popular and favourably reviewed. For years it remained RM
's best-known work. She later felt it was rather jejune and too much of a tract. I feel I hammered away with a...
Literary responses
Kathleen Raine
Virginia Woolf
wrote in strict confidence that she thought the poems not very very [sic] good; but interesting; prose poems; not good enough and difficult to sell of course.
qtd. in
Woolf, Virginia. The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Editors Nicolson, Nigel and Joanne Trautmann, Hogarth Press, 1975–1980, 6 vols.
6: 34 and n1
Literary responses
E. H. Young
This time The Spectator, pursuing the line of excessive modernist influence, called EHY
a thicker-skinned Virginia Woolf
. . . but hardly less bogged in the undifferentiated welter of phenomenal experience.
qtd. in
Mezei, Kathy, and Chiara Briganti. “’She must be a very good novelist’: Rereading E. H. Young (1880-1949)”. English Studies in Canada, Vol.
27
, No. 3, Sept. 2001, pp. 303-31.
307
This novel...
Literary responses
Elinor Mordaunt
Johnson
thought these stories less successful that EM
's novels. He may have been influenced by his declared belief that women have seldom excelled in short fiction.
Johnson, R. Brimley. Some Contemporary Novelists (Women). Books for Libraries Press, 1967.
57
Woolf
, too, was less warm in...
Literary responses
Stevie Smith
Novel on Yellow Paper was an immediate critical success. Appreciation expressed in reviews by Naomi Mitchison
and Rosamond Lehmann
laid the foundations for SS
's friendships with these and other writers.
Spalding, Frances. Stevie Smith: A Critical Biography. Faber and Faber, 1988.
125
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Jane Eyre has become a sensitive barometer of feminist criticism. With its author it became the focus of Victorian women critics, including Anne Thackeray Ritchie
and Charlotte Mew
. Virginia Woolf
admired the poetry of...
Literary responses
Pearl S. Buck
In her review for The New York Times, Katherine Wood
pointed out some of the parallels between these opinions on gender and those of (the recently dead) Virginia Woolf
.
Conn, Peter. Pearl S. Buck. A Cultural Biography. Cambridge University Press, 1996.
248
Literary responses
Vita Sackville-West
Woolf
confessed to liking this less than Sackville-West's other novels, not being able to make the characters come alive. But this may be my fault though. . . . I suspect that my knowledge of...