Oscar Wilde

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Standard Name: Wilde, Oscar
Birth Name: Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde
OW 's significance as poet, playwright, and writer of prose fiction, remained in eclipse for many years after his notorious trial and imprisonment in Reading Gaol , events whose chilling impact on poetry and prose in England was not reversed until the modernists returned to the struggle for unfettered aesthetic expression. A leading proponent of art for art's sake in England, OW was a follower of Walter Pater , from whose work he borrows in lavish quantity, and, like Pater, he was much influenced by the French l'art pour l'art poets, notably Charles Baudelaire and Théophile Gautier .
Clements, Patricia. Baudelaire and the English Tradition. Princeton University Press, 1985.
140-83
More recently, his brilliant aesthetic essays have drawn serious attention as the basis for many critical propositions . . . which we like to attribute to more ponderous names.
Ellmann, Richard, editor. The Critic as Artist: Critical Writings of Oscar Wilde. Random House, 1969.
x
His notoriety as a casualty of oppressive laws against the practice of homosexuality is also the subject of a good deal of recent critical comment.
Black and white photograph of Oscar Wilde sitting

Connections

Connections Author name Excerpt
Anthologization Jane Francesca Lady Wilde
Some of her essays and stories were also collected this year in volume 14 of The Writings of Oscar Wilde.
Thesing, William B., editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 199. Gale Research, 1999.
199: 298
Characters Patricia Highsmith
In Ripley Under Water, 1991, on the other hand, Tom kills no-one directly, since a grotesque fatal accident removes the objects of his ire. But he and the reader are given recurring reminders of...
Cultural formation Dinah Mulock Craik
DMC identified strongly as a working woman across established class boundaries. She wrote towards the end of her life to Oscar Wilde , suggesting that he should alter the name of the monthly magazine he...
Cultural formation Evelyn Sharp
ES was an Englishwoman (and asserted that identity in the title of her autobiography) whose mother laid claim to Welsh and to distant Italian forebears. She described her family as urban middle-class, with artistic, musical...
Cultural formation Kate Marsden
Aspects of her identity shifted over time. KM was born into an English, professional, presumably white family of the upper-middle class, who lost their financial security because of her father's early death. Protestant for much...
Cultural formation Anne Carson
As a teenager, AC fancied herself a reborn Oscar Wilde.
Wachtel, Eleanor. “An Interview With Anne Carson”. Brick: A Literary Journal, No. 89, 1 June 2012– 2024, pp. 29-53.
30
She was drawn to Wilde's aesthetic sensibility and sense of irony. She shared this affectation with some of her highschool friends. They would...
death Jane Francesca Lady Wilde
JFLW , commonly known under her pen-name Speranza, died of complications from bronchitis while her son Oscar was serving his prison sentence.
Glendinning, Victoria. “Speranza: A Leaning Tower of Courage”. Genius in the Drawing-Room, edited by Peter Quennell, Weidenfield and Nicolson, 1980, pp. 101-16.
113
Dedications Jane Francesca Lady Wilde
The first edition's dedication to her sons Willie and Oscar says: I taught them, no doubt, / That country's a thing one should die for at need.
qtd. in
Ellmann, Richard. Oscar Wilde. Knopf, 1988.
4-5
Later editions published as Poems by Speranza...
Education Diana Athill
DA was taught at home by governesses (seven successively before she was sent to school), who followed a correspondence course designed for home schooling which was known as Parents Educational National Union . A French...
Education U. A. Fanthorpe
She later called her boarding school (where she was sent by her parents because of the heavy wartime bombing in their home area) inadequate,
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
and likened its staff to Oscar Wilde 's Lady Bracknell...
Education Anne Carson
When she was in highschool AC 's brother, four years older, liked her to do his homework for him.
Carson, Anne. Nox. New Directions, 2010.
5.1
Apart from her fascination with Wilde , AC fell in love while at Port Hope High School
Family and Intimate relationships Mina Loy
ML met the itinerant poet-pugilist
Burke, Carolyn. Becoming Modern: The Life of Mina Loy. Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1996.
238
Arthur Cravan in New York in April 1917 at the Society of Independent Artists Exhibition. This was the year after his boxing-ring career had peaked.
Burke, Carolyn. Becoming Modern: The Life of Mina Loy. Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1996.
238
Nicholl, Charles. “The wind comes up out of nowhere”. London Review of Books, 9 Mar. 2006, pp. 8-13.
8
Born Fabian Avenarius Lloyd
Family and Intimate relationships Katherine Mansfield
These relationships coincided with KM 's reading of Oscar Wilde . Maata Mahupuku, a Maori, had been at Miss Swainson's school with her, and they had later been together in London. Their friendship became passionate...
Family and Intimate relationships Natalie Clifford Barney
While she never seriously entertained the proposals of most of her suitors, she seems to have considered at least one as a possible candidate for husband: Lord Alfred Douglas , who is notorious as the...
Family and Intimate relationships Florence Dixie
Florence's eldest brother, Lord John , later became the notorious ninth Marquess of Queensberry, father of Lord Alfred Douglas . It was he who destroyed Oscar Wilde by bringing the court case against him.

Timeline

Around 1878: The Albemarle Club was formed with the plan...

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Around 1878

The Albemarle Club was formed with the plan of admitting equal numbers of men and women.
Mitchell, Sally. Frances Power Cobbe: Victorian Feminist, Journalist, Reformer. University of Virginia Press, 2004.
262

1881: Lady Harberton founded the Rational Dress...

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1881

Lady Harberton founded the Rational Dress Society which proposed dress reform for women, denounced tight-lacing and high heels, and advocated divided skirts.
Kunzle, David. Fashion and Fetishism: A Social History of the Corset, Tight-Lacing and Other Forms of Body-Sculpture in the West. Rowman and Littlefield, 1982.
173
Gernsheim, Alison. Victorian and Edwardian Fashion: A Photographic Survey. Dover, 1981.
72
Cokayne, George Edward. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant. Editor Gibbs, Vicary, St Catherine Press, 1910–1959, 14 vols.

By 24 December 1881: Lillie Langtry became the first English society...

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By 24 December 1881

Lillie Langtry became the first English society woman to appear professionally on the stage when she played Kate Hardcastle in Goldsmith 's She Stoops to Conquer at the Haymarket Theatre , London.
Norback, Craig T., and Melvin Gray. The World’s Great News Photos 1840-1980. Crown Publishers, 1980.
23
Hartnoll, Phyllis, editor. The Oxford Companion to the Theatre. 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1983.
2
Athenæum. J. Lection.
2826 (1881): 861

1883: L. R. S. Tomalin, an early disciple of Gustave...

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1883

L. R. S. Tomalin , an early disciple of Gustave Jaeger 's woollen movement, set up the Jaeger Company in Fore Street, London, to sell Dr Jaeger's Sanitary Woollen Clothing..
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
185-7

1885: Breaking with established department store...

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1885

Breaking with established department store practice, Harrods began to offer credit to select customers.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
234

4 March 1885: In Marius the Epicurean, Walter Pater established...

Writing climate item

4 March 1885

In Marius the Epicurean, Walter Pater established his view that the city was the modern topic for writers. The novel is set in Marcus Aurelius 's Rome.
Encyclopædia Britannica Online. http://www.britannica.com/.
Clements, Patricia. Baudelaire and the English Tradition. Princeton University Press, 1985.
191

November 1886: The monthly magazine Lady's World: A Magazine...

Writing climate item

November 1886

The monthly magazine Lady's World: A Magazine of Fashion and Society began publication.
Beetham, Margaret. A Magazine of Her Own?: Domesticity and Desire in the Woman’s Magazine, 1800-1914. Routledge, 1996.
217

1893: An anonymous imprint of the homoerotic novel...

Writing climate item

1893

An anonymous imprint of the homoerotic novel Teleny, in which Oscar Wilde likely had a hand, was published in London by Leonard Smithers .
Cook, Matt. London and the Culture of Homosexuality, 1885-1914. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
28, 104

April 1894: The aesthetic quarterly the Yellow Book began...

Writing climate item

April 1894

The aesthetic quarterly the Yellow Book began publication.
Sutherland, John, b. 1938. The Stanford Companion to Victorian Fiction. Stanford University Press, 1989.
685
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.

After 25 May 1895: Following the conviction of Oscar Wilde,...

Writing climate item

After 25 May 1895

Following the conviction of Oscar Wilde , Edward Carpenter 's publisher broke his contract to publish Love's Coming of Age, after discovering that Carpenter had privately printed a pamphlet entitled Homogenic Love.
Craig, Alec. The Banned Books of England and Other Countries. George Allen and Unwin, 1962.
52

1903: Woman's World began publication in Londo...

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1903

Woman's World began publication in London.
University of Alberta Libraries On-line Catalogue. http://www.library.ualberta.ca/.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.

1907: The London County Council banned stage tableaus...

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1907

The London County Council banned stage tableaus or living pictures (erotic in content), and in their place the Palace Theatre engaged Maud Allan as a solo dancer.
Walkowitz, Judith R. “Women Writing / Women Performing in the Imperial Metropolis”. Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century British Women Writers Conference, Lawrence, KS, 17 Mar. 2001.

1909: The Guild of St Matthew (set up by Stewart...

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1909

The Guild of St Matthew (set up by Stewart Headlam in 1877 to promote Christian socialism) was dissolved.
Norman, Edward R. Church and Society in England, 1770-1970. Clarendon, 1976.
180
Burfield, Diana. “Theosophy and Feminism: Some Explorations in Nineteenth Century Biography”. Women’s Religious Experience, edited by Pat Holden, Croom Helm, 1983, pp. 27-56.
34
Gilley, Sheridan. “The Church of England in the Nineteenth Century”. A History of Religion in Britain, edited by Sheridan Gilley and William J. Sheils, Blackwell, 1994, pp. 291-05.
304

By 27 February 1911: The secretary of the Actresses' Franchise...

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By 27 February 1911

The secretary of the Actresses' Franchise League organised a feminist production of Wilde 's Salome (reviewed on this date).
Walkowitz, Judith R. “Women Writing / Women Performing in the Imperial Metropolis”. Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century British Women Writers Conference, Lawrence, KS, 17 Mar. 2001.

April 1918: An article in Noel Pemberton Billing's weekly...

Building item

April 1918

An article in Noel Pemberton Billing 's weekly Vigilante alleged that the Germans had identified 47,000 Britons who could be blackmailed into treason because of their deviant sexuality.
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.
Walkowitz, Judith R. “Women Writing / Women Performing in the Imperial Metropolis”. Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century British Women Writers Conference, Lawrence, KS, 17 Mar. 2001.

Texts

Wilde, Oscar. A Woman of No Importance. John Lane, 1894.
Wilde, Oscar. An Ideal Husband. Leonard Smithers, 1899.
Wilde, Oscar. Collected Works. Editor Ross, Robert, Musson, 1909, 14 vols.
Wilde, Oscar, and Robert Ross. De Profundis. Methuen, 1905.
Wilde, Oscar. Lady Windermere’s Fan. Elkin Mathews and John Lane, 1893.
Wilde, Oscar et al. Letters from the Sphinx to Oscar Wilde. Duckworth, 1930.
Wilde, Oscar. Poems. D. Bogue, 1881.
Wilde, Oscar. Poems; with The Ballad of Reading Gaol. Methuen, 1909.
Leverson, Ada, and Oscar Wilde. “Reminiscences of the Author”. Letters to the Sphinx from Oscar Wilde, Duckworth, 1930, pp. 19-49.
Wilde, Oscar. Salomé. Librairie de l’art indépendant, 1893.
Wilde, Oscar, and Aubrey Beardsley. Salome. Translator Douglas, Lord Alfred, Elkin Mathews and John Lane, 1894.
Wilde, Oscar. Teleny. Editor Leyland, Winston, Gay Sunshine Press, 1984.
Wilde, Oscar. The Artist As Critic. Editor Ellmann, Richard, Vintage Books.
Sharp, Elizabeth A. “The Author of ’John Halifax, Gentleman’”. The Woman’s World, edited by Oscar Wilde, Vol.
1
, 1888, pp. 111-14.
Wilde, Oscar. The Ballad of Reading Gaol. Leonard Smithers, 1898.
Wilde, Oscar. The Complete Works of Oscar Wilde. Vol. 4, Criticism: Historical Criticism, Intentions, The Soul of Man. Editor Guy, Josephine M., Oxford University Press, 2007.
Wilde, Oscar. The Importance of Being Earnest. Leonard Smithers, 1899.
Wilde, Oscar. The Letters of Oscar Wilde. Editor Hart-Davis, Rupert, Rupert Hart-Davis, 1962.
Wilde, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Ward, Lock, 1891.