Benito Mussolini

Standard Name: Mussolini, Benito

Connections

Connections Sort descending Author name Excerpt
Cultural formation Denise Levertov
Her parents belonged to the educated, professional middle class, and were practising Christians within the Church of England , where (even to a teenager beginning to experience doubts) the services were beautiful with candlelight and...
Friends, Associates Naomi Jacob
NJ wrote a letter of appreciation to Radclyffe Hall after The Well of Loneliness appeared in 1928. In January the following year she met Hall and Una Troubridge when the former lectured in Southend (though...
Friends, Associates Violet Trefusis
VT had a one-off audience with Mussolini in Rome.
Jullian, Philippe et al. Violet Trefusis: Life and Letters. Hamish Hamilton, 1976.
93, 96
Trefusis, Violet, and Philippe Jullian. Don’t Look Round. Hutchinson, 1953.
121
Friends, Associates Rosita Forbes
RF 's earliest travelling companion, Armorel Meinertzhagen , became her good friend. Forbes made personal contacts easily, and exacted help on the road from all sorts of highly unlikely individuals, one of them Benito Mussolini
Literary Setting Gladys Henrietta Schütze
The Sam Mogford of this book is encountered in the opening chapter in a boarding-house in Italy (Mussolini 's Italy), seen as a typical Englishman through the eyes of Carlo, an Italian Anglophile. Carlo...
Occupation Una Marson
UM was one of a very large crowd that gathered at Waterloo Station to greet the Emperor Haile Selassie on his arrival in London as an exile shortly after his surrender to Mussolini 's Italian troops.
Jarrett-Macauley, Delia. The Life of Una Marson, 1905-65. Manchester University Press, 1998.
101
politics Anna Wickham
In June 1938 she drew up, along with seven other women, a manifesto for The League for the Protection of the Imagination of Women.
Hepburn, James et al. “Anna Wickham: A Memoir”. The Writings of Anna Wickham, Free Woman and Poet, edited by Reginald Donald Smith, Virago Press, 1984, pp. 1-48.
27
The League's feminist mandate was to stimulate original work...
politics Naomi Jacob
She later entered municipal politics in the London borough of Marylebone, making an impassioned speech in support of the Socialist candidate. After that she was adopted as candidate for several elections herself, but was...
politics Naomi Jacob
Having at first been inclined to admire Mussolini , NJ had by summer 1935 recognized his Fascist regime as hateful. This was a bold stance to adopt at this date for someone resident in Italy...
politics Natalie Clifford Barney
Abandoning her formerly held pacifist views, NCB supported Mussolini and the Fascists. In 1940 she presented Ezra Pound with a radio and a letter praising Lord Ha Ha 's pro-Nazi broadcasts for their exceptionally far-sweeping...
politics Violet Trefusis
VT associated herself with women deeply involved in wartime activities, and specifically (despite her pre-war visit to Mussolini ) with anti-Nazi events. For instance, her former house-guest Hélène Terré worked for the Red Cross in...
politics Bryher
Closely following global events from the rise of Mussolini through the politics of Appeasement, and juxtaposing such movements against her historical knowledge, Bryher saw World War II both as infuriatingly predictable and as avoidable.
Bryher,. The Heart to Artemis: A Writer’s Memoirs. Collins, 1963.
230-1, 276-7
politics George Egerton
As momentum began building towards World War Two she seems to have felt that her convictions about humanity's obsession with power and war had been verified. Humanity never really changes and would revert to savagery...
politics Eleanor Rathbone
As the political climate moved increasingly towards war, ER advocated League of Nations sanctions against Mussolini 's Italy (with the threat of force), as well as a closer relationship between Britain and the USSR in...
politics Ezra Pound
EP , who had become a supporter of Mussolini 's Fascist state, began making regular radio broadcasts on Rome Radio to America which were both antisemitic and condemnatory of President Roosevelt .
Nadel, Ira Bruce, editor. “Chronology; Introduction”. The Cambridge Companion to Ezra Pound, Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. xvii - xxxi; 1.
xxv
“Contemporary Authors”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Centre-LRC.

Timeline

24 April 1919: The Italian delegates to the Paris Peace...

National or international item

24 April 1919

The Italian delegates to the Paris Peace Conference, Vittorio Orlando and Sidney Sonnino , walked out in protest at the allocation of the city of Fiume to Yugoslavia.
MacMillan, Margaret. Paris 1919. Random House, 2003.
299-305

28-30 October 1922: Mussolini, leader of Italy's Fascists, stayed...

National or international item

28-30 October 1922

Mussolini , leader of Italy's Fascists , stayed in the background during his party's so-called March on Rome, then arrived in Rome to speak with the king, Victor Emmanuel III .
Messenger, Charles. World War Two Chronological Atlas: When, Where, How and Why. Bloomsbury, 1989.
12
Steinberg, Sigfrid Henry. Historical Tables: 58 BC-AD 1985. 11th ed., Garland Publishing, 1986.
235
Kinder, Hermann, and Werner Hilgemann. The Anchor Atlas of World History. Translator Menze, Ernest A., Vol.
2
, Anchor, 1978.
II: 159
“Italy History Timeline & Facts”. Facts About . . . : Facts About World History, Timelines & Events.

1927: Josephine Ward published a fiction about...

Women writers item

1927

Josephine Ward published a fiction about the early twentieth-century Italian dictator: The Shadow of Mussolini.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.
Spartacus Educational. 28 Feb. 2003, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/.
under Benito Mussolini

11 February 1929: Mussolini signed the Lateran Treaty, or Concordat...

National or international item

11 February 1929

Mussolini signed the Lateran Treaty, or Concordat with the Pope : this gave sanction to the Fascist regime in Italy, and set up the independent microstate of Vatican City in Rome.
Johnson, Richard William. “I’m all for it”. London Review of Books, 30 Mar. 2000, pp. 11-12.
11
Bozman, Ernest Franklin, editor. Everyman’s Encyclopaedia. 4th Edition, J. M. Dent, 1958, 12 vols.
“12 February 1929. Fascism and the Vatican”. Guardian Weekly, 12 Feb. 2016, p. 22.

January 1932: Oswald Mosley, leader of the recent, short-lived...

National or international item

January 1932

Oswald Mosley , leader of the recent, short-lived British New Party , made a visit to Mussolini in Italy.
Bradshaw, David. “Mrs. Dalloway’s Forgotten Fronts: Figuring the War and Memorializing the Dead”. Voyages Out, Voyages Home: The Eleventh Annual Conference on Virginia Woolf, Bangor, 15 June 2001.

Mid-February 1934: Martial law was declared in Vienna following...

National or international item

Mid-February 1934

Martial law was declared in Vienna following Nazi terrorist incidents, a demonstration of peasants in support of the coalition government of Engelbert Dollfuss , and the taking up of arms by Socialists.
Benton, Jill. Naomi Mitchison: A Biography. Pandora, 1992.
98-9
“The Times Digital Archive 1785-2007”. Thompson Gale: The Times Digital Archive.
9 June 1933: 13; 14 February 1934: 12

From 5 December 1934: Italy (under Mussolini) sent troops to Africa,...

National or international item

From 5 December 1934

Italy (under Mussolini ) sent troops to Africa, where sporadic fighting heralded its colonial invasion of Ethiopia.
Romero, Patricia W. E. Sylvia Pankhurst: Portrait of a Radical. Yale University Press, 1987.
221

3 October 1935-9 May 1936: Italy (ruled by Benito Mussolini) invaded...

National or international item

3 October 1935-9 May 1936

Italy (ruled by Benito Mussolini ) invaded Abyssinia (present-day Ethiopia).
Messenger, Charles. World War Two Chronological Atlas: When, Where, How and Why. Bloomsbury, 1989.
16
Weinberg, Gerhard L. A World At Arms: A Global History of World War II. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
2-3, 23

3 October 1935-9 May 1936: Italy (ruled by Benito Mussolini) invaded...

National or international item

3 October 1935-9 May 1936

Italy (ruled by Benito Mussolini ) invaded Abyssinia (present-day Ethiopia).
Messenger, Charles. World War Two Chronological Atlas: When, Where, How and Why. Bloomsbury, 1989.
16
Weinberg, Gerhard L. A World At Arms: A Global History of World War II. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
2-3, 23

18 December 1935: The Hoare-Laval Pact (appeasement of recent...

National or international item

18 December 1935

The Hoare-Laval Pact (appeasement of recent territorial aggression by Mussolini 's Italy) was sealed. It enraged Britons to such an extent that Samuel Hoare was compelled to retire from politics.
Thomson, David, and Geoffrey Warner. England in the Twentieth Century, 1914-1979. 2nd ed., Penguin Books, 1981.
154
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
380
Hamilton, Mary Agnes. Remembering My Good Friends. Jonathan Cape, 1944.
291

Early May 1936: The Italo-Abyssinian War ended with Mussolini's...

National or international item

Early May 1936

The Italo-Abyssinian War ended with Mussolini 's proclamation of Italy's annexation of Abyssinia (today called Ethiopia).
Harvey, Kathryn. "Driven by War into Politics": A Feminist Biography of Kathleen Innes. University of Alberta, 1995.
126-8
Thomson, David, and Geoffrey Warner. England in the Twentieth Century, 1914-1979. 2nd ed., Penguin Books, 1981.
163
Messenger, Charles. World War Two Chronological Atlas: When, Where, How and Why. Bloomsbury, 1989.
16
The Penguin Atlas of the World. Viking, 1987.
159
Diametrically opposed views of the conflict were voiced by British writers Kathleen E. Innes and...

7 April 1939: Italy under Mussolini further pursued its...

National or international item

7 April 1939

Italy under Mussolini further pursued its expansionist policy by invading Albania.
Messenger, Charles. World War Two Chronological Atlas: When, Where, How and Why. Bloomsbury, 1989.
19
Weinberg, Gerhard L. A World At Arms: A Global History of World War II. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
26

10 June 1940: Mussolini's Italy declared war on the allied...

National or international item

10 June 1940

Mussolini 's Italy declared war on the allied powers (though Italy had been Britain's ally in the First World War).
Oakley, Ann. Man and Wife: Richard and Kay Titmuss: My Parents’ Early Years. HarperCollins, 1996.
128

25 July 1943: The Italian Fascist Grand Council imprisoned...

National or international item

25 July 1943

The Italian Fascist Grand Council imprisoned Benito Mussolini .
Messenger, Charles. World War Two Chronological Atlas: When, Where, How and Why. Bloomsbury, 1989.
149
Keegan, John. The Second World War. Viking, 1990.
349-50

9 September 1943: Following the fall of Benito Mussolini, Allied...

National or international item

9 September 1943

Following the fall of Benito Mussolini , Allied troops landed at Salerno in Italy.
Messenger, Charles. World War Two Chronological Atlas: When, Where, How and Why. Bloomsbury, 1989.
152-3
Keegan, John. The Second World War. Viking, 1990.
350

Texts

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