Women's International League for Peace and Freedom

Connections

Connections Author name Excerpt
Family and Intimate relationships Eleanor Rathbone
Margaret Ashton , a Manchester cousin, resigned from the Liberal party over the issue of suffrage in 1906. Two years later she became the first woman elected to the Manchester City Council . She was...
Friends, Associates Maude Royden
Courtney and Royden served together as executive members of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) , of which in 1911 Courtney became secretary. They also worked together as vice-chairs for the Women's International League (WIL)
Occupation Kathleen E. Innes
Kathleen Royds (later Innes) moved to London to become office secretary of the Women's International League , British Section.
Harvey, Kathryn. "Driven by War into Politics": A Feminist Biography of Kathleen Innes. University of Alberta, 1995.
67, 246
Occupation Kathleen E. Innes
KEI was elected Vice-Chair of the Women's International League , British Section; she remained in this position until 1934.
Harvey, Kathryn. "Driven by War into Politics": A Feminist Biography of Kathleen Innes. University of Alberta, 1995.
87
Occupation Kathleen E. Innes
KEI was elected as Women's International League Chair at the Annual Council meeting held in London.
Harvey, Kathryn. "Driven by War into Politics": A Feminist Biography of Kathleen Innes. University of Alberta, 1995.
251
Occupation Kathleen E. Innes
KEI took on the Honorary Secretaryship of the Women's International League at a divisive Annual Council Meeting at which the WIL Chair, Honorary Secretary, and Honorary Treasurer all resigned.
Harvey, Kathryn. "Driven by War into Politics": A Feminist Biography of Kathleen Innes. University of Alberta, 1995.
136, 251
Occupation Maude Royden
Though she had not attended the Women's International Congress because of prohibitions on travel in the North Sea, MR became the vice-president of the Women's International League (WIL) .
“The Papers of Agnes Maude Royden”. Archives Hub: London Metropolitan University: Women’s Library.
Occupation Kathleen E. Innes
Members of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom Executive Committee elected KEI and Barbara Duncan Harris to Co-Presidency in Europe of the Peoples' Mandate to Governments .
Harvey, Kathryn. "Driven by War into Politics": A Feminist Biography of Kathleen Innes. University of Alberta, 1995.
130-1, 252
Occupation Maude Royden
MR succeeded Helena Swanwick in the position of chairman of the Women's International League (WIL) .
Fletcher, Sheila. Maude Royden: A Life. Basil Blackwell, 1989.
219
Occupation Kathleen E. Innes
At the triennial international congress of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom held in Luhacovice, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic), KEI was elected as one of three International Vice-Chairs.
Harvey, Kathryn. "Driven by War into Politics": A Feminist Biography of Kathleen Innes. University of Alberta, 1995.
252
Occupation Kathleen E. Innes
The Women's International League headquarters in London suffered damage in an air raid, and at KEI 's invitation was moved to her house, Portway, at St Mary Bourne in Hampshire.
Harvey, Kathryn. "Driven by War into Politics": A Feminist Biography of Kathleen Innes. University of Alberta, 1995.
165, 254
Occupation Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence
EPL became the treasurer of the newly-established British branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) . She held this position until 1922.
Pethick-Lawrence, Emmeline. My Part in a Changing World. Hyperion, 1976.
315-16
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Occupation Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence
The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) elected EPL president; she held this position for nine years, after which she stepped down and became vice-president.
Pethick-Lawrence, Emmeline. My Part in a Changing World. Hyperion, 1976.
331
politics Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence
EPL firmly believed that the Treaty of Versailles was doing more harm than good to Europe's attempts to recover from war. Her foresight as to its effects comes over strongly in her autobiography, published in...
politics Una Marson
UM made a speech on social and political equality in Jamaica at the Women's International League conference on Africa held in London.
The Women's International League was at this time chaired by Kathleen Innes .
Jarrett-Macauley, Delia. The Life of Una Marson, 1905-65. Manchester University Press, 1998.
72

Timeline

1908: Jessie Crystal Macmillan became the first...

Building item

1908

Jessie Crystal Macmillan became the first woman (other than monarchs) to address the House of Lords .
Greenspan, Karen. The Timetables of Women’s History. Simon and Shuster, 1994.
303

August 1914: The Union of Democratic Control was established...

National or international item

August 1914

The Union of Democratic Control was established by J. Ramsay MacDonald , Norman Angell , Charles Trevelyan , and E. D. Morel .
Ceadel, Martin. Pacifism in Britain, 1914-1945 : The Defining of a Faith. Clarendon, 1980, http://U of A HSS.
Appendix I
Hinton, James. Protests and Visions: Peace Politics in Twentieth-Century Britain. Hutchinson Radius, 1989, http://U of A HSS.
44
Harvey, Kathryn. "Driven by War into Politics": A Feminist Biography of Kathleen Innes. University of Alberta, 1995.
65-6
The Working Class Movement Library holds most of...

Early August 1914: In response to the support for Britain's...

National or international item

Early August 1914

In response to the support for Britain's war effort pledged by Millicent Garrett Fawcett and other National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies Executive Committee members, several leading members of the Union resigned to form the...

28 April-1 May 1915: At the International Women's Peace Congress...

National or international item

28 April-1 May 1915

At the International Women's Peace Congress in The Hague, thirteen hundred women delegates from twelve countries founded the International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace ; it became the Women's International League for Peace...

1 November 1915: The Women's International League (British...

National or international item

1 November 1915

The Women's International League (British Section) was founded at a conference held at Westminster.
Ducey, Mitchell F., editor. Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom Papers, 1915-1978. Microfilming Corporation of America, 1983.
2: 1197
Liddington, Jill. “The Women’s Peace Crusade: The History of a Forgotten Campaign”. Over Our Dead Bodies: Women Against the Bomb, edited by Dorothy, 1923 - 2011 Thompson, Virago, 1983, pp. 180 - 98, 244.
188

December 1915: Henry Ford's Peace Ship, the Oskar II, left...

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December 1915

Henry Ford 's Peace Ship, the Oskar II, left harbour at Hoboken, New Jersey, with one hundred and sixty people on board; they were sailing to Europe to promote mediation in the hope of...

April 1916: The Women's International League Monthly...

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April 1916

The Women's International League Monthly News Sheet, organ of the British Section of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom , began publication in London.
Doughan, David, and Denise Sanchez. Feminist Periodicals, 1855-1984. Harvester Press, 1987.
39

August 1916: The Independent Suffragette began monthly...

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August 1916

The Independent Suffragette began monthly publication in London.
Doughan, David, and Denise Sanchez. Feminist Periodicals, 1855-1984. Harvester Press, 1987.
39

22 January 1917: American President Woodrow Wilson made his...

National or international item

22 January 1917

American President Woodrow Wilson made his well-known Peace Without Victory speech.
Bussey, Gertrude, and Margaret Tims. Pioneers for Peace: Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, 1915-1965. WILPF British Section, 1980.
27
Kinder, Hermann, and Werner Hilgemann. The Anchor Atlas of World History. Translator Menze, Ernest A., Vol.
2
, Anchor, 1978.
II: 127

17 September 1917: Constance Todd, later Constance Coltman,...

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17 September 1917

Constance Todd , later Constance Coltman, became the first woman to be ordained to the ministry (of the Congregational Church) in England.
Kaye, Elaine. “A Turning-point in the Ministry of Women: The Ordination of the First Woman to the Christian Ministry in England in September 1917”. Women in the Church, edited by William J. Sheils and Diana Wood, Basil Blackwell, 1990, pp. 505-12.
506, 509
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Another very early minister in the Congregational church was Hatty Baker

12-17 May 1919: The Women's International League for Peace...

National or international item

12-17 May 1919

The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom held its second conference at Zurich in Switzerland; it was at this conference that the organization assumed its lasting name.
Ducey, Mitchell F., editor. Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom Papers, 1915-1978. Microfilming Corporation of America, 1983.
1: H: 3

12-17 May 1919: The Women's International League for Peace...

National or international item

12-17 May 1919

The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom held its second conference at Zurich in Switzerland; it was at this conference that the organization assumed its lasting name.
Ducey, Mitchell F., editor. Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom Papers, 1915-1978. Microfilming Corporation of America, 1983.
1: H: 3

28 June 1919: The Treaty of Versailles was signed, settling...

National or international item

28 June 1919

The Treaty of Versailles was signed, settling the peace terms imposed by the victors of World War I on Germany and its allied nations.
Cook, Chris, and John, 1946 - Stevenson. The Longman Handbook of Modern British History 1714-1987. 2nd ed., Longman, 1988.
249
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
I: 593
Thomson, David, and Geoffrey Warner. England in the Twentieth Century, 1914-1979. 2nd ed., Penguin Books, 1981.
82
Messenger, Charles. World War Two Chronological Atlas: When, Where, How and Why. Bloomsbury, 1989.
9
Bussey, Gertrude, and Margaret Tims. Pioneers for Peace: Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, 1915-1965. WILPF British Section, 1980.
32
Keynes, John Maynard, Baron. The Economic Consequences of the Peace. Macmillan, 1919.
Langer, William L., editor. An Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged. 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1968.
978
Keynes, Britain's chief Treasury...

September 1919: A conference titled Women's Right to Work,...

National or international item

September 1919

A conference titled Women's Right to Work, sponsored by the Women's International League , was held in Manchester.
Beddoe, Deirdre. Back to Home and Duty: Women Between the Wars, 1918-1939. Pandora, 1989.
50

1 January 1920: The League of Nations officially came into...

National or international item

1 January 1920

The League of Nations officially came into being—without the United States, although the first suggestion for such a body had been made by President Woodrow Wilson .
Bozman, Ernest Franklin, editor. Everyman’s Encyclopaedia. 4th Edition, J. M. Dent, 1958, 12 vols.

Texts

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