1187 results Occupation

Selina Davenport

During her marriage SD worked at running a school, which, however, was far from profitable. She also supported her daughters through her writing, and opened another unsuccessful school at Greenwich after she left her husband. Jane Porter 's efforts to help her included a project for her opening a circulating library at Manchester. Later again she ran a tiny shop at Knutsford in Cheshire, and took in needlework. She and her daughters tried a coffee shop, a dancing school, and giving music lessons.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Looser, Devoney. Email to Isobel Grundy about Selina Davenport. 4 Aug. 2011.
Archives of the Royal Literary Fund, 1790-1918.
Watkins, Louise. “Selina Davenport”. Corvey ’Adopt an Author’, May 1998.
Elizabeth Gaskell commissioned her for nightgowns, in connection with which she called her poor old Mrs Granville, whom it won't do to hurry.
qtd. in
Watkins, Louise. “Selina Davenport”. Corvey ’Adopt an Author’, May 1998.
These efforts at self-support failed because of what Gaskell calls SD 's great age and infirmity.
Gaskell, Elizabeth. Further Letters of Mrs. Gaskell. Editors Chapple, John and Alan Shelston, Manchester University Press, 2000.
109

Mary Davys

As coffee-shop owner she became a respected local figure; many of her clients were undergraduates.
Bowden, Martha F., and Mary Davys. “Introduction”. The Reform’d Coquet; or, Memoirs of Amoranda; Familiar Letters Betwixt a Gentleman and a Lady; and, The Accomplish’d Rake; or, Modern Fine Gentleman, University Press of Kentucky, 1999, p. ix - xlix.
xxi

Jennifer Dawson

JD worked in publishing for the Clarendon Press (an imprint of Oxford University Press ).
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
“Contemporary Authors”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Centre-LRC.
She was also a teacher (at a convent at Laval in France before she went into publishing),
Guttridge, Peter. “Obituary: Jennifer Dawson”. The Independent, 27 Oct. 2000.
a social worker in a psychiatric hospital in Worcester,
Whitby, Joy. “In Memory of Jennifer Hinton (Dawson 1949)”. The Ship, Vol.
91
, 2001–2002, pp. 54-5.
54
and a welfare worker in the poor districts of East London.

Daniel Defoe

Defoe, today famous as a novelist (often formerly reckoned, with insuffient cognisance of women's contribution, the father of the English novel), originally planned to be a minister but became instead a hosiery merchant, entrepreneur, grand-scale bankrupt, journalist, and government spy. He turned to writing Robinson Crusoe when approaching sixty, and at a low ebb in his fortunes.

Elizabeth De la Pasture

Marie Belloc Lowndes (who calls her Lady Clifford) writes that EDP spoke interestingly, in October 1925, about her experiences visiting public institutions in Ceylon. The local authorities arranged to omit the lunatic asylums, thinking she would find these places distressing, whereupon the inmates petitioned her in a touching and sensible letter that she should visit them as well. She did so, and found it less painful than she had expected, since she felt it was normal for natives, as it would not be for Europeans, to sit and stare at the ground.
Lowndes, Marie Belloc. Diaries and Letters of Marie Belloc Lowndes, 1911-1947. Editor Marques, Susan Lowndes, Chatto and Windus, 1971.
104

Mary Delany

All her life MD excelled at painting, needlework, silhouettes, shellwork, and music. She mastered the almost obsolete skill of spinning. She designed, drew, and executed patterns for elaborate embroidery on court dresses both for herself and for at least one friend, and did shellwork, similarly, for buildings owned by herself and by others.
Linney, Verna. “A Passion for Art, a Passion for Botany: Mary Delany and her Floral ’Mosaiks’”. Eighteenth-Century Women: Studies in their Lives, Work, and Culture, edited by Linda V. Troost, Vol.
1
, 2001, pp. 203-35.
209, 210-13 and n10
O’Conor Eccles, Charlotte. “Irish Housekeeping and Irish Customs in the Last Century”. Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, Vol.
144
, Dec. 1888, pp. 804-16.
311
Davenport, Hester. “A Visit to Kew Palace”. Burney Letter, Vol.
12
, No. 2, 1 Sept.–30 Nov. 2006, pp. 7-8.
7

Thomas De Quincey

TDQ staved off poverty by working as a journalist, and in 1822 published his most famous work, Confessions of an English Opium Eater. Later, while living in Edinburgh, he wrote fiction, essays, translations and reviews for periodicals such as Tait's Edinburgh Magazine and Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine. He spent his last years editing Selections Grave and Gay, from Writings, Published and Unpublished, by Thomas De Quincey, which appeared in fourteen volumes.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
Corey, Melinda, and George Ochoa, editors. The Encyclopedia of the Victorian World. Henry Holt and Company, 1996.

Anita Desai

AD has held teaching positions at Smith College (1987-88) and Mount Holyoke College (1988-93) in the USA. She was a Fellow of Girton College , 1986-88, and of Clare Hall in 1989 and 1991, both at Cambridge University , UK.
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
271
“Contemporary Authors”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Centre-LRC.

Elizabeth Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire

There she became an international hostess, salonnière, and patron of the arts. She planned and funded excavations in the Roman Forum (for which the city showed its appreciation by striking a medal in her honour),
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
and commissioned sumptous translations of Latin classical texts into Italian. Besides re-publishing her own travel book, she re-issued Georgiana's most famous poem with lithographed views after paintings by herself.

Mary Angela Dickens

Before her writing career began, MAD briefly pursued work as an actor on the London stage.

Wilhelm Dilthey

His writings range over many fields which have grown in importance during the twentieth century: not only aesthetics, psychology, and the emerging social sciences, but also hermeneutics and phenomenology. Among the many whom he influenced was John Stuart Mill .

Florence Dixie

As a woman war correspondent (generally known as a Special Correspondent or simply Special) FD was a first. According to historian Brian Roberts she was appointed (by Algernon Borthwick , editor of the Morning Post) largely for rarity value. The news of her appointment caused a sexist sensation, with most newspaper coverage assuming she would be hopelessly out of her depth and the Figaro imagining how some other paper would trump this daughter of a marquess by sending a countess to cover the war, and yet another would go higher again with a duchess.
Roberts, Brian. Ladies in the Veld. John Murray, 1965.
78-9
It was not until FD arrived in Africa that she was hailed by a paper willing to take her seriously as the first lady war special known.
qtd. in
Roberts, Brian. Ladies in the Veld. John Murray, 1965.
89

Ella Hepworth Dixon

EHD worked as a journalist and editor for many periodicals, including Woman's World, The Englishwoman, the Daily Telegraph, the Pall Mall Magazine, and the Manchester Daily Dispatch. She was employed for £1,500 a year to be leader-writer for the Daily Mirror in its short-lived form of 1903-4. This journal was intended as a daily paper for women, but it failed to sustain a large enough circulation to continue in that role. Consequently it became the first illustrated morning paper; all the women leader-writers and employees were let go after the transition.
Dixon, Ella Hepworth. "As I Knew Them". Huchinson, 1930.
34, 141, 161-4
Dixon, Ella Hepworth. “Introduction”. The Story of a Modern Woman, edited by Steve Farmer, Broadview, 2004, pp. 9-39.
37, 289

Sydney Thompson Dobell

While best remembered for writing spasmodic poetry, STD also worked as a reviewer. In the Palladium and the Athenæum he gave positive reviews to works by Anne , Emily , and Charlotte Brontë .
Mitchell, Sally, editor. Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia. Garland Press, 1988.
745

Gustave Doré

GD 's work was cosmopolitan. In addition to writers from other European countries like Dante and Cervantes , he illustrated Milton and Coleridge , and did a series of engravings of London for a work by William Blanchard Jerrold , of which the depiction of the city's poor districts was particularly influential. Though he was only ever a visitor to Britain, GD did a great deal of work for London publishers and found a receptive audience through them. His drawings were regularly carried by the London Illustrated News and seen from 1868 at a Doré Gallery in New Bond Street.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Harriet Downing

She never herself worked as a monthly nurse (attending women after childbirth) as did her best-known persona.

Judith Drake

JD practised medicine, on women and children only.

May Drummond

She was called to the ministry around 1734, which, Thomas Story reported, caused renewed pain to her family.
Story, Thomas. The Life of Thomas Story. Isaac Thompson, 1747.
714
In England she met with all kinds of recognition which most Quaker preachers never dreamed of. Queen Caroline granted her an audience; a young lady celebrated her in poetry in the Gentleman's Magazine in 1735 for feminist rather than religious impact, as having established the aptitude and worth of the female sex, who have for too long been deny'd, / And ridiculed by men's malignant pride.
qtd. in
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
This year in Bristol she attracted great Numbers of different Persuasions . . . to hear her, and a Quaker meeting-house had to have its gallery reinforced against the weight of the crowd.
qtd. in
Reilly, Matthew. “The Life and Literary Fictions of May Drummond, Quaker Female Preacher”. Eighteenth-Century Fiction, Vol.
28
, No. 2, Nov. 2015, pp. 287-12.
292

Frances Isabella Duberly

In the war zone FID carried a little keg of brandy slung over her shoulder: very useful for fainting and wounded men.
Duberly, Frances Isabella. Mrs Duberly’s War. Journals and Letters from the Crimea, 1854-6. Editor Kelly, Christine, Oxford University Press, 2007.
141
Before one battle she had a very trying day, receiving messages from friends to relay to their loved ones in England if they should be killed, and she did indeed write letters communicating the worst possible news to the bereaved.
Duberly, Frances Isabella. Mrs Duberly’s War. Journals and Letters from the Crimea, 1854-6. Editor Kelly, Christine, Oxford University Press, 2007.
193, 237
She admitted in her journal to eight hours' sightseeing on a recent battlefield (with left her with exhaustion and a headache), yet in a letter she recognized that a woman stalking about sight-seeing among the dead & dying is very like a vulture or other unclean bird of prey, and said that she therefore did not go.
Duberly, Frances Isabella. Mrs Duberly’s War. Journals and Letters from the Crimea, 1854-6. Editor Kelly, Christine, Oxford University Press, 2007.
242

Alexandre Dumas, père

AD was a pioneer of French Romantic theatre but remains best known for his historical novels, including Les trois mousquetaires (translated into English as The Three Musketeers, 1846, offering the adventure elements of the story shorn of the love plot) and Le comte de Monte-Cristo (also englished in 1846, as The Count of Monte Cristo). The Three Musketeers, set in the seventeenth century and based (though Dumas concealed the fact) on an early eighteenth-century original, relates the adventures of d'Artagnan and his three inseparable companions. It was so popular that Dumas followed it with two more books, making up a d'Artagnan trilogy. The Count of Monte Cristo is set in Italy and the Mediterranean as well as in France, and from the more recent period of the post-Napoleonic early nineteenth century.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
Bozman, Ernest Franklin, editor. Everyman’s Encyclopaedia. 4th Edition, J. M. Dent, 1958, 12 vols.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.

Eliza Dunlop

ED is said to have been employed at some date during her years in Australia, running a small local post office.
Heney, Helen, editor. Dear Fanny, Women’s Letters to and from New South Wales, 1788-1857. Australian National University Press, 1985.
141
A valuable helper on her work with Aboriginal vocabulary was her daughter Rachael (1829-1908), whose married name was Milson.
Australian Dictionary of Biography Online. http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/adbonline.htm.
ED was said to have recorded the names and attributes of some of the Spirit Beings whom the local tribe believed in. These included Wallatu or Wallati, the god or spirit of poetry, who would visit an individual in a dream and carry him away to a place where the gift of poetry was bestowed.
Di Gravio, Gionni. “The Antiquities of the Wollombi District”. The University of Newcastle, Australia. Cultural Collections, Nov. 2009.

Helen Dunmore

HD taught English as a Foreign Language in Finland.
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
267

Nell Dunn

Work and Politics

Emily Eden

Indian Sketching

Maria Edgeworth

The Estate