1187 results Occupation

Hope Mirrlees

Evocations of French and especially of Parisian culture appear throughout HM 's own body of writing. This period was highly productive for her in terms of her creative work: she wrote and published poetry and novels, and with Harrison, translated two texts from Russian.
Beard, Mary. The Invention of Jane Harrison. Harvard University Press, 2000.
156

Naomi Mitchison

Naomi Haldane (later NM ) worked briefly at St Thomas's Hospital in London as a VAD (volunteer auxiliary nurse), which would have been a wage-earning job in peace-time.
Mitchison, Naomi. All Change Here: Girlhood and Marriage. Bodley Head, 1975.
124, 129
Benton, Jill. Naomi Mitchison: A Biography. Pandora, 1992.
26-7

Deborah Moggach

DM 's first job after her BA was as a librarian at Oxford University Press , 1970-72. While in Pakistan she worked as a teacher and also did freelance writing during 1972-74.
“Contemporary Authors”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Centre-LRC.

Elizabeth Montagu

Managing her households, and managing the estates that went with them (as well as exercising her taste as an interior decorator on the grand scale), were major commitments. Sandleford alone employed a staff of thirty. As late as 1792, EM , as hostess, was still holding grand public breakfasts at Portman Square for four hundred or five hundred people.
Rizzo, Betty. Companions Without Vows: Relationships Among Eighteenth-Century British Women. University of Georgia Press, 1994.
121-2

L. M. Montgomery

LMM spent this year teaching at Bideford, Prince Edward Island
Rubio, Mary, and Elizabeth Waterston. Writing a Life: L.M. Montgomery. ECW Press, 1995.
122

Thomas Moore

TM inaugurated his publishing career with his translation Odes of Anacreon (1800). 1801 saw the appearance of his successful collection The Poetical Works of the Late Thomas Little, under a pseudonym which is also a bawdy double-entendre. Francis Rawdon Hastings, Earl of Moira , became a career-long patron of his work from the time of this publication, and was joined in his encouragement of TM by Lord Lansdowne .
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
96

Elinor Mordaunt

In Melbourne, Australia, EM supported herself and her son by taking odd jobs and writing stories and articles. Besides working as an editor, she chose jobs involving house upkeep: decorating, gardening, and housekeeping.
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
174

Penelope Mortimer

Following her year at London University, Penelope Fletcher took a secretarial position, which she left after three weeks in order to get married.
Mortimer, Penelope. My Friend Says It’s Bullet-proof. Virago, 1989.
prelims

Celia Moss

Following an illness that incapacitated their father, and with the encouragement of local MP George Staunton , CM and her sister Marion were able to provide financial support to their family through sales of their first book. This encouraged them to pursue writing more seriously.
“Jewish Encyclopedia”. JewishEncyclopedia.com, 2002.
Galchinsky, Michael. The Origin of the Modern Jewish Woman Writer. Wayne State University Press, 1996.
107

Henrietta Rouviere Mosse

Henrietta Rouviere began writing and publishing, for her own enjoyment, well before her marriage. She may also had a brief career as an actress, if she was the Miss Rouviere who made her debut at the Theatre Royal, Dublin, in the 1801-2 season. During the years of her husband's illness, as well as writing for money, she advertised for other paid work, but apparently without success. In early January 1827 she was hoping that she might get a small post in some government department, although she mentioned that her impaired health might tell against her.
Ashfield, Andrew. Email to Isobel Grundy about Henrietta Rouviere Mosse. 14 Oct. 2016.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Marion Moss

She became a teacher as well as an author.
Galchinsky, Michael. The Origin of the Modern Jewish Woman Writer. Wayne State University Press, 1996.
107
“Jewish Encyclopedia”. JewishEncyclopedia.com, 2002.

Constance Naden

She became an active philanthropist while she was still living in Birmingham. She interested herself in the Home for Friendless Girls in Bristol Street, where for a time she taught reading, writing, and arithmetic.
Hughes, William Richard et al. Constance Naden: A Memoir. Bickers and Son, 1890.
16
Daniell, Madeline, and Constance Naden. “Memoir”. Induction and Deduction, edited by Robert Lewins and Robert Lewins, Bickers and Son, 1890, p. vii - xviii.
xii-xiii

Elma Napier

War Work

John Henry Newman

JHN had in 1843 resigned from his position as Vicar of St Mary's, Oxford, the influential University Church.
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
55
Ker, Ian. John Henry Newman: A Biography. Clarendon Press, 1988.
279

Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin

While working on her B. Litt at Oxford, ENC began teaching Renaissance literature at Trinity College , Dublin, where she later served as Dean of the Faculty of Arts. She remained one of a minority of female fellows.
Haberstroh, Patricia Boyle, and Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin. “Interview with Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin”. Irish University Review, Vol.
37
, No. 1, Edinburgh University Press, 2007, pp. 36-49.
36
“Professor Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin M.A. (Dublin; N.U.I.), B.Litt. (Oxford), F.T.C.D”. School of English: Trinity College Dublin, 29 July 2013.
Allen Randolph, Jody. “Making it new”. Women’s Review of Books, Vol.
xvii
, No. 8, May 2000, pp. 24-5.
25

Winifred Maxwell, Countess of Nithsdale

Winifred succeeded her mother as a lady-in-waiting to Mary Beatrice of Modena . While the Jacobite court-in-exile of St Germain was where she primarily worked, she became an expert too on the byzantine routine of the French court at Versailles.
Maxwell Stuart, Flora. Lady Nithsdale and the Jacobites. Traquair House, 1995.
21, 23

Kathleen Nott

In London early in her marriage, KM found employment as a social worker in poor areas, spending nearly two years investigating the results of play-therapy used with East End children. She was astounded at the high rate of good results and played them down in [her] reports, but she later concluded that social workers and their clients collude together to produce the desired results.
Nott, Kathleen. A Clean, Well–Lighted Place; A Private View of Sweden. Heinemann, 1961.
47
She also worked as a clinical psychologist, work which she was still doing immediately before the second world war.
“The Times Digital Archive 1785-2007”. Thompson Gale: The Times Digital Archive.
66465 (24 February 1999): 23

Charlotte Grace O'Brien

After her sister-in-law died, CGOB looked after the children of her widowed brother Edward until his remarriage.
The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography states that this charge began in 1864, when CGOB moved in with her brother's family. Although CGOB probably helped with the children from that time, she took full responsibility for them only after Mary O'Brien's death in 1868. This is made very clear by Stephen Gwynn's memoir (the root source here).
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Gwynn, Stephen Lucius, and Charlotte Grace O’Brien. “Introductory Memoir”. Charlotte Grace O’Brien, Maunsel, 1909, pp. 3-135.
35, 44, 106

Flannery O'Connor

FOC worked as a teaching assistant while she studied for her MFA,
Gooch, Brad. Flannery. Little, Brown and Co., 2009.
140
but she put most of her energies into her potential future as a writer. She applied for several college teaching positions, just in case, but she did not want to be a teacher.
Gooch, Brad. Flannery. Little, Brown and Co., 2009.
137
Meanwhile she achieved a summer residency at the Yaddo artists' colony at Saratoga Springs, New York, an appointment which was later extended to the end of the year. She stayed at Yaddo until it was shaken by internal disagreement and outside investigation by the open Communist Party membership of a long-time resident, Agnes Smedley , since in 1949 the USA was in the grip of anti-Communist fervour.
Gooch, Brad. Flannery. Little, Brown and Co., 2009.
147, 156, 166-9
O’Connor, Flannery. The Habit of Being. Editor Fitzgerald, Sally, Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1979.
11

Julia O'Faolain

During the separation year she did supply teaching in London (calling herself Miss Whelan),
O’Faolain, Julia. Trespassers, A Memoir. Faber and Faber, 2014.
221
experiencing schools from a pretentious private outfit in St Albans to a rough one on the Mile End Road.
O’Faolain, Julia. Trespassers, A Memoir. Faber and Faber, 2014.
38
She also worked as a short-order cook at the Moo Cow Milk Bar opposite Victoria Station, then combined teaching with well-paid translating for the intergovernmental Council of Europe in Strasbourg, and at her father's urging began to write. She finished the Strasbourg job in May 1957.
O’Faolain, Julia. Trespassers, A Memoir. Faber and Faber, 2014.
173, 175, 177-9

Carola Oman

During the First World War CO became, first a probationer nurse at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford, then a nurse at the front.
Oman, Carola. An Oxford Childhood. Hodder and Stoughton, 1976.
186
“Obituary: Miss Carola Oman”. Times, 12 June 1978, p. 16.
16

Valentine Ackland

VA opened an antique shop in Lower Frome Vauchurch, where she lived with Sylvia Townsend Warner .
Mulford, Wendy. This Narrow Place. Pandora, 1988.
234

Abigail Adams

During the struggle for American independence, AA ran the family farm at Braintree in her husband's absence. When British soldiers turned up on her property she showed great courage and presence of mind in repelling them.
Akers, Charles W. Abigail Adams: An American Woman. Little, Brown, 1980.
35-6
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
She was an excellent businesswoman, as Woody Holton 's biography, 2009, demonstrates from her financial records and her investing history.
Saxton, Martha. “Abigail Adams, Capitalist”. Women’s Review of Books, Vol.
27
, No. 6, Nov.–Dec. 2010, pp. 12-13.
12

Henry Brooks Adams

A journalist and later an academic historian, HBA wrote essays on American politics, produced two biographies, worked as an editor, and published two anonymous or pseudonymous novels. Following his death, he won the Pulitzer Prize for his autobiography.
Corey, Melinda, and George Ochoa, editors. The Encyclopedia of the Victorian World. Henry Holt and Company, 1996.
3-4