Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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September 1860: Emily Faithfull and Bessie Rayner Parkes...

Writing climate item

September 1860

Emily Faithfull and Bessie Rayner Parkes spoke on the employment of women in printing trades at the fourth annual conference of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science held in Glasgow.
Reynolds, Siân. Britannica’s Typesetters: Women Compositors in Edwardian England. Edinburgh University Press, 1989.
30-1

George Paston: 4 September 1860

Women writers item
Author event in George Paston

4 September 1860

Emily Morse Symonds (who later wrote under the pseudonym GP ) was born in St-Mary-in-the-Marsh parish, Sprowston, near Norwich.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Stetz, Margaret, and George Paston. “Introduction”. A Writer of Books, Academy Chicago Publishers, 1999, p. v - xiv.
vii

Emily Eden: By 8 September 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Emily Eden

By 8 September 1860

Emily Eden published her novel The Semi-Attached Couple, a sequel to The Semi-Detached House, in two volumes.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1715 (1860): 321

21 September 1860: Arthur Schopenhauer, philosopher, died at...

Writing climate item

21 September 1860

Arthur Schopenhauer , philosopher, died at Frankfurt am Main in Germany.
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
90

Mary Elizabeth Braddon: 29 September 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Elizabeth Braddon

29 September 1860

The Welcome Guest (published by John Maxwell ) printed MEB 's now well-known ghost story The Cold Embrace, before she had taken up residence in London to live by writing.
Ashley, Mike. “Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Author of Lady Audleys SecretBook and Magazine Collector, Vol.
195
, Diamond Publishing, June 2000, pp. 78-93.
81

Caroline Clive: October 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Caroline Clive

October 1860

As the author of Paul Ferroll, CC published a sequel to her first novel: Why Paul Ferroll Killed his Wife.
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.

Emily Faithfull: October 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Emily Faithfull

October 1860

EF 's Social Science Congress paper on the Victoria Press appeared in The English Woman's Journal, seven months after the press was launched.
Faithfull, Emily. “Victoria Press”. Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon and the Langham Place Group, edited by Candida Ann Lacey, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987, pp. 281-6.
281

October 1860: Dion Boucicault's The Colleen Bawn; or, The...

Writing climate item

October 1860

Dion Boucicault 's The Colleen Bawn; or, The Brides of Garryowen opened at the Adelphi Theatre .
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1716 (1860): 360-1
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
Mullin, Donald C. Victorian Plays: A Record of Significant Productions on the London Stage, 1837-1901. Greenwood Press, 1987.
59
Mitchell, Sally, editor. Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia. Garland Press, 1988.
89

October 1860: Elizabeth Garrett asked to register formally...

Building item

October 1860

Elizabeth Garrett asked to register formally as a medical student at Middlesex Hospital, but her request was denied.
Blake, Catriona, and Wendy Savage. The Charge of the Parasols: Women’s Entry to the Medical Profession. Women’s Press, 1990.
58

October 1860: Garibaldi entered Naples; he then transferred...

National or international item

October 1860

Garibaldi entered Naples; he then transferred power to Victor Emmanuel II , who was proclaimed ruler of the unified Kingdom of Italy.
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
269, 274
Hobsbawm, Eric John. The Age of Capital 1848-1875. Abacus, 1975.
93

Charlotte Chanter: By 6 October1860

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Chanter

By 6 October1860

CC published her only novel, the historical Over the Cliffs, in two volumes with Smith, Elder .
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1719 (6 October 1860): 449

Rosamund Marriott Watson: 6 October 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Rosamund Marriott Watson

6 October 1860

Rosamund Ball (later RMW ) was born the youngest of five children at Homerton Row, Hackney, in North London.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Anna Brassey: 9 October 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Brassey

9 October 1860

Anna Allnutt married Thomas Brassey .
Brassey, Thomas, first Earl, and Anna Brassey. “Memoir”. The Last Voyage, Longmans, Green, 1889, p. xiii - xxiv.
xiv
Brothers, Barbara, and Julia Gergits, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 166. Gale Research, 1996.
166: 69

Augusta Webster: By 13 October 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Augusta Webster

By 13 October 1860

AW began publishing under her male pseudonym Cecil Home with a volume of verse, Blanche Lisle and Other Poems.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1720 (1860): 482

By 20 October 1860: Faithful for Ever, the third part of Coventry...

Writing climate item

By 20 October 1860

Faithful for Ever, the third part of Coventry Patmore 's poem The Angel in the House, was published.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1410 (1854): 1335
Athenæum. J. Lection.
(1860): 509-10

24 October 1860: The Treaty of Peking put an end to the war...

National or international item

24 October 1860

The Treaty of Peking put an end to the war between Britain and China which had begun on 8 October 1856; it also settled the border between Russia and China.
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
341
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
281
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
I: 782-3
Cook, Chris, and John, 1946 - Stevenson. The Longman Handbook of Modern British History 1714-1987. 2nd ed., Longman, 1988.
233

By 27 October 1860: A group of seven liberal or Broad Church...

Building item

By 27 October 1860

A group of seven liberal or Broad Church clergymen published Essays and Reviews on the challenges posed to conventional theology by the Higher Criticism of the Bible and by science (namely biology and geology).
Dean, Dennis R. “Through Science to Despair: Geology and the Victorians”. Victorian Science and Victorian Values: Literary Perspectives, edited by James Paradis and Thomas Postlewait, New York Academy of Sciences, 1981, pp. 111-36.
125

Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon: November 1860

Women writers item

November 1860

BLSB 's Middle Class Schools for Girls, in The English Woman's Journal, surveyed the deficiencies in girls' education and suggested remedies .
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
69
Lacey, Candida Ann, editor. Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon and the Langham Place Group. Routledge, 1987.
74-84

Mary Sewell: November 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Sewell

November 1860

MS published Mother's Last Words: A Ballad.
Bayly, Mary. The Life and Letters of Mrs. Sewell. James Nisbet, 1889.
146
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

November 1860: Thomas Hill Green became one of the first...

Building item

November 1860

Thomas Hill Green became one of the first laymen to hold a fellowship at Balliol College .
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Charlotte Yonge: By 3 November 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Yonge

By 3 November 1860

CY , as the author of The Heir of Redclyffe, published Hopes and Fears; or, Scenes from the Life of a Spinster.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1763 (1860): 590-1
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

6 November 1860: Oil was struck at the first Canadian oil...

National or international item

6 November 1860

Oil was struck at the first Canadian oil well, sunk at Petrolia, Ontario.
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
II: 471

Julia Stretton: By 10 November 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Julia Stretton

By 10 November 1860

JS published what is probably the second of two novels this year as the author of Margaret and Her Bridesmaids: The Valley of a Hundred Fires. The other was Mr. and Mrs. Asheton.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1724 (1860): 629
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.

Mary Anne Barker : 20 November 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Anne Barker

20 November 1860

MAB arrived at Calcutta in India (where her husband had accepted command of the Bengal Royal Artillery following the Indian Mutiny) on a ship badly damaged by a hurricane.
Gilderdale, Betty. The Seven Lives of Lady Barker. Canterbury University Press, 2009.
63
Barker, Mary Anne. Colonial Memories. Smith, Elder, 1904.
x

Frances E. W. Harper: 22 November 1860

Writing climate item
Author event in Frances E. W. Harper

22 November 1860

Frances Watkins married Fenton Harper in Cincinnati, Ohio; he was a widower with three children from a previous marriage.
Sherman, Joan R. Invisible Poets. University of Illinois Press, 1974.
64
Boyd, Melba Joyce. Discarded Legacy. Wayne State University Press, 1994.
45