Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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May 1856: Ellen Terry made her theatrical debut at...

Building item

May 1856

Ellen Terry made her theatrical debut at the Princess's Theatre , watched by an audience which included Queen Victoria and Prince Albert .
Cheshire, David F. Portrait of Ellen Terry. Amber Lane Press, 1989.
15-6
Macqueen-Pope, Walter James. Ladies First: The Story of Woman’s Conquest of the British Stage. W. H. Allen, 1952.
356

Adelaide O'Keeffe: 3 May 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Adelaide O'Keeffe

3 May 1856

D. Laing (in the same letter which reports on AOK 's early love-affair) appealed on her behalf to the Royal Literary Fund with both warm sympathy and condescension.
This letter-writer may have been the Rev...

Catherine Hubback: By 10 May 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Catherine Hubback

By 10 May 1856

CH published The Old Vicarage: A Novel, the earlier of her two religious books this year.
University of Alberta Libraries On-line Catalogue. http://www.library.ualberta.ca/.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1489 (10 May 1856): 584

Frances Isabella Duberly : 12 May 1856

Women writers item

12 May 1856

Queen Victoria , with Prince Albert and their eldest daughter , reviewed the Eighth Hussars at Portsmouth on their return from the Crimean War. She bowed deeply to FID , though she did not speak to her.
Duberly, Frances Isabella. “Editor’s Introduction”. Mrs Duberly’s War. Journals and Letters from the Crimea, 1854-6, edited by Christine Kelly, Oxford University Press, 2007, p. xi - xlviii.
xxxiii-xxxiv

Mrs Alexander: 13 May 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Mrs Alexander

13 May 1856

Annie French Hector (later MA ) dated the preface to her novelAgnes Waring. An Autobiography, which appeared this year as edited by the author of Kate Vernon.
Alexander, Mrs. Agnes Waring. Thomas Cautley Newby, 1856, 3 vols.
preface
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.

Louisa Stuart Costello: 17 May 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Louisa Stuart Costello

17 May 1856

LSC published her final poem, The Lay of the Stork, which mingles fantasy with the serious topic of the Crimean War.
Armstrong, Isobel et al., editors. Nineteenth-Century Women Poets. Clarendon Press, 1996.
200
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.

Henrietta Euphemia Tindal: By 24 May 1856

Women writers item

By 24 May 1856

HET published her single novel, The Heirs of Blackridge Manor, under the pseudonym of Diana Butler.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1491 (May 24 1856): 648
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

Caroline Scott: By 24 May 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Caroline Scott

By 24 May 1856

CS published, as the author of Trevelyan, her third and final novel, The Old Grey Church.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1491 (1856): 648
Scott, Caroline. The Old Grey Church. R. Bentley, 1856, 3 vols.
prelims
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

Geraldine Jewsbury: By 31 May 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Geraldine Jewsbury

By 31 May 1856

GJ published her fifth novel, The Sorrows of Gentility.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1492 (1856): 675

31 May 1856: The Law Amendment Society conducted an open...

National or international item

31 May 1856

The Law Amendment Society conducted an open meeting on the legal status of women.
Shanley, Mary Lyndon. Feminism, Marriage, and the Law in Victorian England. Princeton University Press, 1989.
34-5

Fredrika Bremer: Early 1856

Writing climate item
Author event in Fredrika Bremer

Early 1856

FB published her most famous novel, the feminist bildungsroman Hertha, eller En själs historia [the history of a soul], which Mary Howitt translated into English as Hertha the same year.
The History of Nordic Women’s Literature. 2012, https://nordicwomensliterature.net/.
“NEW NOVEL, by the Author of ‘Alice Wentworth.’-Just ready, in”. The Times, No. 22395, 16 June 1856, p. 13, https://link-gale-com.subzero.lib.uoguelph.ca/apps/doc/CS218271440/TTDA?u=guel77241&sid=bookmark-TTDA&xid=d657e63b.
22395 (16 June 1856): 13

Elizabeth Barrett Browning: June 1856

Women writers item

June 1856

EBB travelled to London again, and stayed there four months before returning to her home in Florence in October.
Forster, Margaret. Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography. Grafton, 1990.
311, 316
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Margaret Oliphant: June 1856-June 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Oliphant

June 1856-June 1857

MO 's novel The Athelings; or, The Three Gifts (whose heroine is a young novelist) appeared for the first time, serially, in Blackwood's.
Jay, Elisabeth. Mrs Oliphant: "A Fiction to Herself": A Literary Life. Clarendon Press, 1995.
260, 341

June 1856: Adelaide Ristori, famous Italian actress,...

Building item

June 1856

Adelaide Ristori , famous Italian actress, made her British debut in London at the Lyceum Theatre .
Booth, Michael R. et al. Three Tragic Actresses: Siddons, Rachel, Ristori. Cambridge University Press, 1996.
143-4, 153-5, 161

Fanny Fern: By 7 June 1856

Writing climate item
Author event in Fanny Fern

By 7 June 1856

FF published her final novel, Rose Clark.
Walker, Nancy A. Fanny Fern. Twayne, 1993.
63
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1493 (7 June 1856): 713

Bessie Rayner Parkes : By 14 June 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Bessie Rayner Parkes

By 14 June 1856

BRP published the long philosophical and historical poem Gabriel, dedicated to the memory of Percy Bysshe Shelley .
Thesing, William B., editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 240. Gale Research, 2001.
240: 186

Anna Brownell Jameson: 18 June 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Brownell Jameson

18 June 1856

ABJ delivered a lecture, published later that year, on The Communion of Labour, at the London home of Elizabeth Reid .
Johnston, Judith. Anna Jameson: Victorian, Feminist, Woman of Letters. Scolar Press, 1997.
xiii-xiv

Caroline Clive: By 21 June 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Caroline Clive

By 21 June 1856

CC , as the author of Paul Ferroll, published a lyric collection, Poems, containing both new material and some previously published pieces.
Mitchell, Charlotte. Caroline Clive, 1801-1873, A Bibliography. Victorian Fiction Research Unit, Department of English, The University of Queenland, 1999.
43
Partridge, Eric Honeywood. “Mrs. Archer Clive”. Literary Sessions, Scholartis Press, 1932.
127

Isa Craig: By 21 June 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Isa Craig

By 21 June 1856

IC 's first book of verse, Poems, a collection of her contributions to The Scotsman, was published in Edinburgh by Blackwood .
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1495 (21 June 1856): 775

24 June 1856: The Legislative Council of Canada was made...

National or international item

24 June 1856

The Legislative Council of Canada was made elective.
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
II: 469
Langer, William L., editor. An Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged. 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1968.
835

26 June 1856: The Bishop of Oxford expressed his fear that...

Building item

26 June 1856

The Bishop of Oxford expressed his fear that enabling divorce for the lowest classes would endanger the moral purity of married life.
Shanley, Mary Lyndon. Feminism, Marriage, and the Law in Victorian England. Princeton University Press, 1989.
41

Thomas Hardy: July 1856

Writing climate item
Author event in Thomas Hardy

July 1856

A month after his sixteenth birthday, TH was apprenticed to an architect, John Hicks , in Dorchester. For this Hicks charged only forty pounds, instead of the usual hundred.
Gittings, Robert. Young Thomas Hardy. Penguin, 1978.
54

Isabella Beeton: 10 July 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Isabella Beeton

10 July 1856

Isabella Mayson married publisher Samuel Orchart Beeton at Epsom.
Freeman, Sarah. Isabella and Sam: The Story of Mrs Beeton. Coward, McCann and Geoghegan, 1977.
123

Mary Augusta Ward: 12 July 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Augusta Ward

12 July 1856

Thomas and Julia Arnold , with their daughter the future MAW , returned to England from New Zealand as a result of Thomas's conversion to Catholicism.
Sutherland, John, b. 1938. Mrs. Humphry Ward. Clarendon Press, 1990.
10

George Bernard Shaw: 26 July 1856

Writing climate item
Author event in George Bernard Shaw

26 July 1856

GBS , Irish dramatist and critic, was born in Dublin.
Innes, Christopher, editor. The Cambridge Companion to George Bernard Shaw. Cambridge University Press, 1998.
xxi