Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon: Winter 1854-5

Women writers item

Winter 1854-5

Barbara Leigh Smith (later BLSB ) travelled to Rome to recuperate from a breakdown in some way associated with her affair with John Chapman .
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
107

Elizabeth Barrett Browning: January 1855

Women writers item

January 1855

EBB suffered from her first severe illness (apart from miscarriages) since her move to Italy.
Forster, Margaret. Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography. Grafton, 1990.
295-6

Richard Francis Burton: June 1855-January 1856

Writing climate item
Author event in Richard Francis Burton

June 1855-January 1856

RFB published his Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah, in three volumes.
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.

Dinah Mulock Craik: 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Dinah Mulock Craik

1855

Dinah Mulock was publishing short fiction in Fraser's Magazine and Household Words and essays in Chambers's.
Mitchell, Sally. Dinah Mulock Craik. Twayne, 1983.
chronology

Dinah Mulock Craik: 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Dinah Mulock Craik

1855

Dinah Mulock 's The Little Lychetts depicted the developing feminine heroism of a once rich girl, orphaned and impoverished, who cares for her younger brother and can look forward to an independent career instead of marriage.
Mitchell, Sally. Dinah Mulock Craik. Twayne, 1983.
81

Emily Davies: 1855-early 1858

Women writers item
Author event in Emily Davies

1855-early 1858

ED accompanied her consumptive sister Jane to Torquay in Devon, where she acted as nurse and companion until Jane died there on 17 January 1858.
Caine, Barbara. Victorian Feminists. Oxford University Press, 1992.
69
Stephen, Barbara. Emily Davies and Girton College. Constable, 1927.
28

Margaret Gatty: 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Gatty

1855

MG issued the first volume of Parables from Nature; four more appeared by 1871: a selection followed in 1872 and a collected edition was published posthumously.
Ewing, Juliana Horatia. “Margaret Gatty, 1885”. A Celebration of Women Writers, edited by Mary Mark Ockerbloom.
xiv
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

Emma Jane Worboise: 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Emma Jane Worboise

1855

EJW anonymously published one of her best-remembered novels, The Wife's Trials.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

Queen Victoria: 1855

National or international item
Author event in Queen Victoria

1855

QV and Prince Albert's state visit to Louis-Napoleon and Eugénie was the first visit to Paris by an English monarch since 1431.
Munich, Adrienne. Queen Victoria’s Secrets. Columbia University Press, 1996.
xv

Annie Tinsley: 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Annie Tinsley

1855

The Family Herald serialised AT 's The Heiress of Darren Court, which had already appeared in the Metropolitan Magazine as Storm and Sunshine.
Peet, Henry. Mrs. Charles Tinsley, Novelist and Poet. Butler and Tanner, 1930.
2

Julia Stretton: 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Julia Stretton

1855

An anonymous three-volume novel appeared with the title Woman's Devotion; this is probably the future JS 's first book.
A mistaken attribution of this novel to Anne Marsh , with the whole chain of...

Mary Seacole: 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Seacole

1855

DoctressMS arrived at Balaklava in the Crimea, with the intention of nursing soldiers in the war.
Midgley, Clare. “Ethnicity, ‘Race’ and Empire”. Women’s History: Britain, 1850-1945, edited by June Purvis, St Martin’s Press, 1995, pp. 247-76.
259

Mary Seacole: 1855-56

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Seacole

1855-56

MS worked on the battlefields of Crimea, at times under fire, unlike other nurses who usually worked in hospitals some distance from the field.
Seacole, Mary, and William L. Andrews. Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands. Oxford University Press, 1988.
154
Midgley, Clare. “Ethnicity, ‘Race’ and Empire”. Women’s History: Britain, 1850-1945, edited by June Purvis, St Martin’s Press, 1995, pp. 247-76.
259

Anne Thackeray Ritchie: 1855-1856

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Thackeray Ritchie

1855-1856

Anne Thackeray (later ATR ) and her sister wintered in Paris during their father 's second American tour.
Gérin, Winifred. Anne Thackeray Ritchie: A Biography. Oxford University Press, 1981.
101

Elizabeth Rigby: 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Rigby

1855

ER and her husband, Sir Charles Eastlake , feted the artist Rosa Bonheur in London.
Lochhead, Marion C. Elizabeth Rigby, Lady Eastlake. John Murray, 1961.
105

Charlotte Riddell: January 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Riddell

January 1855

Finding that life in County Down was still too expensive, Charlotte Cowan (later CR ) and her mother made the more decisive move to London, with the idea that she might support them both...

Charlotte Riddell: 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Riddell

1855

The first book by Charlotte Cowan (later CR ), the novel Which, the Right, or the Left?, was published in New York under the pseudonym of Rainey Hawthorne.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.

Janet Hamilton: Around 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Janet Hamilton

Around 1855

JH became blind; but she continued to compose poetry for the rest of her life, and all her publications date from later than this.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

Matilda Hays: Probably during the late 1850s and 1860s

Building item
Author event in Matilda Hays

Probably during the late 1850s and 1860s

MH , along with Eliza Meteyard , sat on the council for the Whittington Club , an organization dedicated to self-improvement, and cultural and educational opportunities for women.
Gleadle, Kathryn. The Early Feminists. Macmillan, 1995.
140-1

Anna Brownell Jameson: 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Brownell Jameson

1855

Anne Procter initiated a subscription fund on ABJ 's behalf, which garnered Jameson an annuity of £100 and a gift of £70.
Thomas, Clara. Love and Work Enough: The Life of Anna Jameson. University of Toronto Press, 1967.
197

Henry James: Between 1855 and 1860

Writing climate item
Author event in Henry James

Between 1855 and 1860

The young HJ moved with his family from New York to live and study, variously, at Geneva, London, Paris, Boulogne, Bonn, and Newport, Rhode Island.
Parker, Peter, editor. The Reader’s Companion to Twentieth-Century Writers. Fourth Estate and Helicon, 1995.
365

Maria Theresa Longworth : 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Maria Theresa Longworth

1855

William Charles Yelverton and MTL reunited in Constantinople; she later claimed that he proposed marriage during this visit, while he counterclaimed that he had only attempted to seduce her.
Rosenman, Ellen Bayuk. Unauthorized Pleasures. Cornell University Press, 2003.
127

Harriet Martineau: 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Harriet Martineau

1855

Supposing that she was about to die, HM composed her Autobiography, which then remained unpublished until she did indeed die, more than twenty years later.
Martineau, Harriet. “Introduction and Editorial Materials”. Selected Letters, edited by Valerie Sanders, Clarendon Press, 1990, pp. vii - xxxiii, 235.
xxiii

Susanna Moodie: 1855

Writing climate item
Author event in Susanna Moodie

1855

SM 's next novel was entitled Geoffrey Moncton; or, The Faithless Guardian. It appeared first in New York then in London the following year.
Peterman, Michael. Susanna Moodie: A Life. ECW Press, 1999.
33, 151
New, William H., editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 99. Gale Research, 1990.
247

Frances Notley: 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Frances Notley

1855

FN 's husband, George Notley , died after twelve years of marriage.
Kirk, John Foster, and S. Austin Allibone, editors. A Supplement to Allibone’s Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American Authors. J. B. Lippincott, 1891, 2 vols.