Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Isabella Hamilton Robinson: 2 August 1851

Women writers item

2 August 1851

Years before her diary was known to the world, IHR published in Chambers' Edinburgh Journal, under her initials, a poem titled Lines Addressed to a Miniature. By a Lady.
Summerscale, Kate. Mrs. Robinson’s Disgrace. 1st ed., Bloomsbury USA, 2012.
19

Lady Louisa Stuart: 4 August 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Lady Louisa Stuart

4 August 1851

LLS died at nearly ninety-five.
Stuart, Lady Louisa. “Introduction”. Lady Louisa Stuart: Selections from her Manuscripts, edited by Hon. James Archibald Home, Harper and Brothers, 1899, p. vii - xi.
vii
Wortley, Violet Stuart et al. A Prime Minister and his Son. John Murray, 1925.
220n

Frances Ridley Havergal : August-November 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Frances Ridley Havergal

August-November 1851

After attending Powick Court school near Worcester for a few months, FRH was forced to leave when she developed erysipelas, a painful skin infection.
Enock, Esther E. Frances Ridley Havergal. Pickering and Inglis, 1928.
12
Grierson, Janet. Frances Ridley Havergal: Worchestershire Hymnwriter. Havergal Society, 1979.
43

8 August 1851: The system of tithes (one-tenth of the produce...

National or international item

8 August 1851

The system of tithes (one-tenth of the produce of agricultural land paid yearly for the support of the Church of England ) was abolished at the instigation of William Blamire the younger (1790-1862).
Maycock, Christopher. A Passionate Poet: Susanna Blamire, 1747-94: A Biography. Hypatia, 2003.
97
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under Blamire

16 August 1851: Harriet Brownlow Byron founded the Anglican...

Building item

16 August 1851

Harriet Brownlow Byron founded the AnglicanSociety of All Saints Sisters of the Poor at 67 Mortimer Street in the town of London Colney in Hertfordshire.
Anson, Peter F. The Call of the Cloister: Religious Communities and Kindred Bodies in the Anglican Communion. Editor Campbell, A. W., Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1964.
317, 319

By 23 August 1851: George Meredith published Poems, his first...

Writing climate item

By 23 August 1851

George Meredith published Poems, his first collection.
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
35

Harriet Taylor: 28 August 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Harriet Taylor

28 August 1851

HT and John Stuart Mill 's article Wife Murder appeared in the Morning Chronicle under his name only.
Mill, John Stuart et al. Sexual Equality. Editors Robson, Ann P. and John M. Robson, University of Toronto Press, 1994.
87
Banks, Olive. The Biographical Dictionary of British Feminists. New York University Press, 1985–2026, 2 vols.
209
Shattock, Joanne. The Oxford Guide to British Women Writers. Oxford University Press, 1993.

Geraldine Jewsbury: By 30 August 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Geraldine Jewsbury

By 30 August 1851

GJ published her industrial novel Marian Withers, which first appeared in serial form as commissioned by the Manchester Examiner and Times.
Bodenheimer, Rosemarie. The Politics of Story in Victorian Social Fiction. Cornell University Press, 1988.
85
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1244 (1851): 920

Mary Ann Shadd Cary: By later 1851

Writing climate item
Author event in Mary Ann Shadd Cary

By later 1851

With the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act in September 1850 threatening free blacks as well as actual runaway slaves, Mary Ann Shadd moved with her brother Isaac from the USA to Windsor in Canada...

Fredrika Bremer: 13 September 1851

Writing climate item
Author event in Fredrika Bremer

13 September 1851

After travelling northwards again through the USA, FB sailed from New York for Europe on the steamship Atlantic. She docked at Liverpool ten days later and spent six weeks in England.
Asmundsson, Doris R. Fredrika Bremer in England. Columbia University, 1964.
106
Stendahl, Brita K. The Education of a Self-Made Woman. The Edwin Mellen Press, 1994, https://archive.org/details/educationofselfm0000sten/mode/2up?q=%22geijer%22+%22stina%22+%22boklin%22.
138-39

14 September 1851: James Fenimore Cooper, US novelist, died...

Writing climate item

14 September 1851

James Fenimore Cooper , US novelist, died the day before his sixty-second birthday.
“Biographic Information”. The James Fenimore Cooper Society, 14 May 2004.

Mary Martha Sherwood: 22 September 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Martha Sherwood

22 September 1851

MMS died at Twickenham near London, two years after her husband.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Margaret Sandbach: By October 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Sandbach

By October 1851

MS was already suffering from breast cancer, which halted her writing career.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Rigby, Elizabeth, editor. Life of John Gibson, R.A., Sculptor. Longmans, Green, 1870.
13-14

Christina Rossetti: From October 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Christina Rossetti

From October 1851

CR published some Italian lyrics and an unfinished, serialised, satirical, epistolary novel, Corrispondenzia Famigliare, in the women's magazine The Bouquet Culled from Marylebone Gardens.
Marsh, Jan. Christina Rossetti: A Writer’s Life. Viking, 1995.
131-3

By 4 October 1851: Chemistry professor William Gregory published...

Building item

By 4 October 1851

Chemistry professor William Gregory published an extended analysis of mesmerism entitled Letters to a Candid Inquirer on Animal Magnetism.
Gauld, Alan. A History of Hypnotism. Cambridge University Press, 1992.
208, 210
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1249 (1851): 1037

George Eliot: 6 October 1851

Women writers item
Author event in George Eliot

6 October 1851

Marian Evans (later GE ) first met her future partner George Henry Lewes , as a member of the literary circles in which she now moved.
Eliot, George. The George Eliot Letters. Editor Haight, Gordon S., Yale University Press, 1954–1978, 9 vols.
1: 366-7
Ashton, Rosemary. George Eliot: A Life. Hamish Hamilton, 1996.
92

Harriet E. Wilson: 6 October 1851

Writing climate item
Author event in Harriet E. Wilson

6 October 1851

Harriet Adams married Thomas Wilson at a Congregational ceremony in Milford, New Hampshire.
Wilson, Harriet E. “Introduction”. Our Nig, edited by Henry Louis, Jr Gates, Vintage Books, Random House, 1983, p. xi - lix.
xv

10 October 1851: A month prior to the opening of the Calais-Dover...

Building item

10 October 1851

A month prior to the opening of the Calais-Dover telegraph cable, John Julius Reuter established an office in London to provide stock information between London and Paris via telegraph; this service formed the basis of...

11 October 1851: The Great Exhibition closed....

National or international item

11 October 1851

The Great Exhibition closed.
Boase, Thomas Sherrer Ross, editor. English Art, 1800-1870. Clarendon, 1959.
269-70

18 October 1851: Herman Melville published Moby Dick in England...

Writing climate item

18 October 1851

Herman Melville published Moby Dick in England under the title The Whale.
Higgins, Brian, and Hershel Parker, editors. Critical Essays on Herman Melvilles Moby Dick G. K. Hall, 1992.
7
The Life and Works of Herman Melville. http://www.melville.org/.
Borne Back Daily. 2001, http://borneback.com/ .
14 November 2008

November 1851: The United Kingdom and France signed a copyright...

Writing climate item

November 1851

The United Kingdom and France signed a copyright agreement.
Feather, John. Publishing, Piracy and Politics: An Historical Study of Copyright in Britain. Mansell, 1994.
161

November 1851: The first long-term undersea telegraph cable...

National or international item

November 1851

The first long-term undersea telegraph cable between Calais and Dover was opened to the public, although the first direct message from London to Paris was sent in 1852.
Chisholm, Hugh, editor. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Eleventh, Cambridge University Press, 1911.
525
Standage, Tom. The Victorian Internet. Walker and Company, 1998.
66-73, 79-81

From late 1851: The trend of established drapers to expand...

Building item

From late 1851

The trend of established drapers to expand into department stores began after the Great Exhibition.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
142-3

Jane Francesca, Lady Wilde: 12 November 1851

Women writers item

12 November 1851

Jane Francesca Elgee , the Irish nationalist writer Speranza, married William Robert Wilde , a physician specializing in the eye and ear, at St Peter's Church in Dublin.
Melville, Joy. Mother of Oscar. John Murray, 1999.
61
Ellmann, Richard. Oscar Wilde. Knopf, 1988.
679

Mary Ann Kelty: 15 November 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Ann Kelty

15 November 1851

MAK published Visiting My Relations, and Its Results: A Series of Small Episodes in the Life of a Recluse, a book of fictional reminiscences in the voice of a Cambridge, old-bachelor narrator.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1255 (15 November 1851): 1192-3