Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Louisa Catherine Shore: 1851-3

Women writers item
Author event in Louisa Catherine Shore

1851-3

During these years LCS lived away from her family, in Paris.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

Emily Shirreff: 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Emily Shirreff

1851

ES travelled to Switzerland and then on to Italy.
Ellsworth, Edward W. Liberators of the Female Mind: The Shirreff Sisters, Educational Reform, and the Women’s Movement. Greenwood, 1979.
16

Elizabeth Sewell: 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Sewell

1851

Three years after her trip to the Lakes and Capheaton, ES travelled with friends for three months, visiting Germany, Switzerland, Northern Italy, the Tyrol in Austria, and Paris.
Sewell, Elizabeth. The Autobiography of Elizabeth M. Sewell. Editor Sewell, Eleanor L., Longmans, Green, 1907.
112-13

Anne Thackeray Ritchie: January 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Thackeray Ritchie

January 1851

Visiting Paris with her sister and father , Anne Thackeray (later ATR ) saw Napoleon IIIriding down the Champs Élysées
Gérin, Winifred. Anne Thackeray Ritchie: A Biography. Oxford University Press, 1981.
54
after the recent coup d'état.
Gérin, Winifred. Anne Thackeray Ritchie: A Biography. Oxford University Press, 1981.
54

Charlotte Riddell: 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Riddell

1851

James Cowan , father of Charlotte Cowan (later CR ), died after a long illness.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Matilda Hays: 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Matilda Hays

1851

MH published in New YorkFadette, A Domestic Story from the French, her translation of George Sand 's novel, with a dedication to Charlotte Cushman , True Artist and Yet Truer Woman ....

Charlotte Eliza Humphry: 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Eliza Humphry

1851

Charlotte Eliza Graham was born, most probably in the city of Derry or Londonderry in Northern Ireland, where her father was attached to the cathedral.
Kent, Sylvia. The Woman Writer: The History of the Society of Women Writers and Journalists. The History Press, 1 June 2013.

Jean Ingelow: 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Jean Ingelow

1851

JI published her first novel, Allerton and Dreux; or, The War of Opinion identifying herself as the author of A Rhyming Chronicle.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

Anna Brownell Jameson: 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Brownell Jameson

1851

ABJ was awarded a Civil List pension of £100 in recognition of her literary merits.
Thomas, Clara. Love and Work Enough: The Life of Anna Jameson. University of Toronto Press, 1967.
191
Johnston, Judith. Anna Jameson: Victorian, Feminist, Woman of Letters. Scolar Press, 1997.
xiii

Henrietta Camilla Jenkin: 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Henrietta Camilla Jenkin

1851

HCJ and her family returned from Genoa to Manchester, where her son Fleeming was apprenticed at Fairbairn 's engineering works there.
Stevenson, Robert Louis, and Fleeming Jenkin. “Memoir of Fleeming Jenkin”. Papers, Literary, Scientific, &c., edited by Sir Sidney Colvin et al., Longmans, Green, 1877, p. 1: xi - clxx.
xlvii

Anne Manning: 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Manning

1851

In AM 's novel The Household of Sir Thomas More, as in Mary Powell, a woman (Margaret More, later Roper ) ostensibly writes of a famous man: the ascription of authorship on...

Margaret Oliphant: 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Oliphant

1851

Caleb Field: A Tale of the Puritans, the third novel by Margaret Wilson (later MO ), was published as by the author of Passages in the Life of Mrs. Margaret Maitland.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

1851: Leigh Hunt published Table Talk....

Writing climate item

1851

Leigh Hunt published Table Talk.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
485

1851: The International Morse Code was adopted...

National or international item

1851

The International Morse Code was adopted.
Encyclopædia Britannica Online. http://www.britannica.com/.

1851-1910: Over this period, four million people in...

Building item

1851-1910

Over this period, four million people in Britain contracted tuberculosis and died from the disease; this accounted for thirteen percent of the total national mortality rate.
Woods, Robert, and John Woodward. “Mortality, Poverty and the Environment”. Urban Disease and Mortality in Nineteenth-Century England, edited by Robert Woods and John Woodward, St Martin’s Press, 1984, pp. 19-36.
34
Cronjé, Gillian. “Tuberculosis and Mortality Decline in England and Wales, 1851-1910”. Urban Disease and Mortality in Nineteenth-Century England, edited by Robert Woods and John Woodward, St Martin’s, 1984, pp. 79-101.
83

1851-54: Auguste Comte published Système de politique...

Writing climate item

1851-54

Auguste Comte published Système de politique positive in four volumes; it was translated as The System of Positive Polity from 1875-7.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
221

1851: Census figures for this year list 575,162...

Building item

1851

Census figures for this year list 575,162 persons in the general servant class; this was the largest and least skilled class of servants.
Prochaska, F. K. Women and Philanthropy in Nineteenth-Century England. Clarendon, 1980.
152

1851: Around this date, the advertising policy...

Building item

1851

Around this date, the advertising policy of free trials developed.
Hindley, Diana, and Geoffrey Hindley. Advertising in Victorian England 1837-1901. Wayland, 1972.
42

1851: As the author of Brampton Rectory (her first...

Women writers item

1851

As the author of Brampton Rectory (her first novel, on a religious theme), Mary Matilda Howard edited and published Memorials of James Mackness at London.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

1851: German scientist Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand...

Building item

1851

German scientist Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz invented the ophthalmoscope, an instrument that magnified the eye so that even the end of the optic nerve was visible.
Duin, Nancy, and Jenny Sutcliffe. A History of Medicine: From Prehistory to the Year 2020. Simon and Schuster, 1992.
52

1851: A machine was developed to print wallpaper...

Building item

1851

A machine was developed to print wallpaper patterns cheaply and efficiently.
Daunton, Martin. “Health and Housing in Victorian London”. Living and Dying in London, edited by William F. Bynum and Roy Porter, Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, 1991, pp. 126-44.
143

1851: The first nationally funded institutions...

National or international item

1851

The first nationally funded institutions for scientific education, the School of Mines and the Museum of Practical Geology , were established.
Gascoigne, Robert Mortimer. A Chronology of the History of Science, 1450-1900. Garland, 1987.
399-400
Knight, David. The Age of Science: The Scientific World-View in the Nineteenth Century. Basil Blackwell, 1986.
166

1851: William Thomson, known as Lord Kelvin from...

Building item

1851

William Thomson , known as Lord Kelvin from 1892 onwards, published his research on the laws of the conservation of energy.
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
273

1851: Johann and Bertha Ronge established at Hampstead...

Building item

1851

Johann and Bertha Ronge established at Hampstead the first kindergarten in England, a school designed to foster physical and mental development in young children.
Storey, Graham et al., editors. The Letters of Charles Dickens, Volume Seven 1853-1855. Vol. 7, Clarendon Press, 1993.
520

1851-2: Chartist Ernest Jones published in the National...

Writing climate item

1851-2

ChartistErnest Jones published in the National Instructor a series of tales called Women's Wrongs, published as an episodic novel in 1855.
Vicinus, Martha. The Industrial Muse: A Study of Nineteenth Century British Working-Class Literature. Croom Helm, 1974.
123-4, 139