Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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1851: The Sheffield Women's Political Association...

National or international item

1851

The Sheffield Women's Political Association (also known as the Sheffield Women's Rights Association) was founded to urge the inclusion of women in the People's Charter.
Schwarzkopf, Jutta. Women in the Chartist Movement. St Martin’s Press, 1991.
250-2

1851: By mid-century, newspapers were the largest...

Building item

1851

By mid-century, newspapers were the largest vehicle for advertisements in the United Kingdom.
Fenstermaker, John J. “Thomas Carlyle, Popular Advertising, and the Commerical Spirit in Victorian England”. Studies in Popular Culture, Vol.
15
, No. 1, 1992, pp. 25-36.
29

1851: Owens College opened in Manchester; in 1871...

Building item

1851

Owens College opened in Manchester; in 1871 it began to admit women.
Evans, Keith. The Development and Structure of the English Educational System. University of London Press, 1975.
247-8
Curtis, Stanley James. Education in Britain since 1900. Greenwood Press, 1970.
434-9

1851: The University College of Derby was foun...

Building item

1851

The University College of Derby was founded.
The World of Learning. 47th ed., Allen and Unwin, 1997.
1518

1851: Frederick Scott Archer invented the wet colloidon...

Building item

1851

Frederick Scott Archer invented the wet colloidon photographic process, which soon overtook other methods.
Hannavy, John. Masters of Victorian Photography. David and Charles, 1976.
22-6

1851: The medical journal The Lancet established...

Building item

1851

The medical journal The Lancet established an Analytical Sanitary Commission to investigate the adulteration of food and drink. The Commission's reports were published in the journal over the next four years.
Warren, Michael. “A Chronology of State Medicine, Public Health, Welfare and Related Services in Britain: 1066 - 1999”. Michael Warren’s Chronology, 6 Jan. 2003.

1851: The Anglican Sisterhood of St Thomas-the-Martyr...

National or international item

1851

The Anglican Sisterhood of St Thomas-the-Martyr was founded in Oxford.
Anson, Peter F. The Call of the Cloister: Religious Communities and Kindred Bodies in the Anglican Communion. Editor Campbell, A. W., Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1964.
287

1851: The Law Amendment Society recommended amalgamating...

National or international item

1851

The Law Amendment Society recommended amalgamating the separate courts of law and equity into one body.
Shanley, Mary Lyndon. Feminism, Marriage, and the Law in Victorian England. Princeton University Press, 1989.
34

1851: Albumen photographic paper became commercially...

Building item

1851

Albumen photographic paper became commercially available.
Hannavy, John. Masters of Victorian Photography. David and Charles, 1976.
25-6

1851: By this date, workhouses were caring for...

Building item

1851

By this date, workhouses were caring for approximately 50,000 sick people, as opposed to 11,000 in voluntary hospitals.
Dingwall, Robert et al. An Introduction to the Social History of Nursing. Routledge, 1988.
32

1851: The Association for the Repeal of the Taxes...

Writing climate item

1851

The Association for the Repeal of the Taxes on Knowledge was founded.
Royle, Edward. Chartism. Longman, 1980.
48

1851: The Anglican Evangelical Church Missionary...

National or international item

1851

The Anglican Evangelical Church Missionary Society moved into Palestine.
Neill, Stephen. A History of Christian Missions. 2nd ed., Penguin, 1990.
257

1851: Edward Tilt, a progressive London gynecologist,...

Building item

1851

Edward Tilt , a progressive London gynecologist, published On the Preservation of the Health of Women at Critical Periods of Life.
Brumberg, Joan Jacobs. The Body Project: An Intimate History of American Girls. Random House, 1997.
13, 22, 221

1851: An international effort to defeat disease,...

National or international item

1851

An international effort to defeat disease, suggested by the success of smallpox vaccination, began at a conference in Paris this year.
Cartwright, Frederick F., and Michael Biddis. Disease and History. 2nd ed., Sutton, 2000.
80

1851: Isaac Merrit Singer patented his continuous...

Building item

1851

Isaac Merrit Singer patented his continuous stitch sewing machine design, and founded the company which still bears his name.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
114
Hellemans, Alexander, and Bryan Bunch. The Timetables of Science: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Science. Simon and Shuster, 1988.
321

1851: French medical researcher Charles-Edouard...

Building item

1851

French medical researcher Charles-Edouard Brown-Séquard experimented with the effects of blood transfusion on the responsiveness of nerves in human corpses.
Flint, Kate. “Blood, Bodies, and The Lifted VeilNineteenth-Century Literature, Vol.
51
, No. 4, 1997, pp. 455-73.
463-465

1851: The Royal College of Surgeons set up the...

Building item

1851

The Royal College of Surgeons set up the first male midwifery course in London and excluded female midwives.
Mitchell, Sally, editor. Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia. Garland Press, 1988.
501

1851: Amelia Jenks Bloomer of the US arrived in...

Building item

1851

Amelia Jenks Bloomer of the US arrived in England and advocated dress reform; she introduced bloomers, baggy trousers for women worn beneath a tunic or skirt.
Laver, James, and Christina Probert. Costume and Fashion: A Concise History. Thames and Hudson, 1982.
180-3
Buck, Anne. Victorian Costume and Costume Accessories. Rev. 2nd ed., R. Bean, 1984.
31

1851-1871: During this period, the population of the...

Building item

1851-1871

During this period, the population of the old City of London decreased from 128,000 to 75,000.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
149

1851: Winchester opened the first free library...

Building item

1851

Winchester opened the first free library under the Public Libraries Act (1850).
Kelly, Thomas. A History of Public Libraries in Great Britain 1845-1975. 2nd ed., Library Association, 1977.
24

1851: In a novel entitled The Female Jesuit, or,...

Building item

1851

In a novel entitled The Female Jesuit, or, a Spy in the Family, Jemima Luke presents a Roman Catholic young woman, Marie, taken in by a Protestant family, where she makes all kinds of trouble.
Peschier, Diana. “Vulnerable Women and the Danger of Gliding Jesuits: England in the Nineteenth Century”. Women’s Writing, Vol.
11
, No. 2, 2004, pp. 281-0.
285-6

By 1851: The early volumes of Alexander von Humboldt's...

National or international item

By 1851

The early volumes of Alexander von Humboldt 's Kosmos (published between 1845 and 1862) had sold 80,000 copies.
Merrill, Lynn L. The Romance of Victorian Natural History. Oxford University Press, 1989.
95
Taton, René, editor. Science in the Nineteenth Century. Translator Pomerans, Arnold J., Vol. 3, Basic Books, 1965.
98, 343
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.
Wonder, Simon. “An adorable explorer”. Guardian Weekly, 4 Dec. 2015, pp. 36-7.
36

1851: Gold was discovered in Australia. The subsequent...

Writing climate item

1851

Gold was discovered in Australia. The subsequent gold-rush caused a dramatic leap in the (white) population of the continent.
Cannon, John, editor. The Oxford Companion to British History. Revised edition, Oxford University Press, 2002.
67

Margaret Oliphant: By 4 January 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Oliphant

By 4 January 1851

Margaret Wilson (later MO ) published her three-volume novel Merkland: A Story of Scottish Life as the author of Passages in the Life of Mrs. Margaret Maitland.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

Joanna Baillie: Early 1851

Women writers item
Author event in Joanna Baillie

Early 1851

At the end of her life JB brought together the two major streams of her writing in Dramatic and Poetical Works, published by Longman with a portrait.
Baillie, Joanna. The Collected Letters of Joanna Baillie. Editor Slagle, Judith Bailey, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1999, 2 vols.
2: 703
Baillie, Joanna. “Introduction”. The Selected Poems of Joanna Baillie, 1762-1851, edited by Jennifer Breen, Manchester University Press, 1999, pp. 1-25.
1