Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Susanna Moodie: By 19 February 1831

Women writers item
Author event in Susanna Moodie

By 19 February 1831

Susanna Strickland, later SM , finished editing Negro Slavery Described by a Negro: Being the Narrative of Ashton Warner , a Native of St. Vincent's.
An electronic edition of Negro Slavery Described by a...

21 February 1831: Steam-driven buses invented by Sir Goldsworthy...

Building item

21 February 1831

Steam-driven buses invented by Sir Goldsworthy Gurney began regular service between Gloucester and Cheltenham.
Panati, Charles. Panati’s Browser’s Book of Beginnings. Houghton Mifflin, 1984.
309
Derry, Thomas Kingston, and Trevor I. Williams. A Short History of Technology From the Earliest Times to A.D. 1900. Clarendon, 1960.
388

Robert Southey: By late February 1831

Writing climate item
Author event in Robert Southey

By late February 1831

In the same year as his anthology of early poetry, RS published Attempts in Verse by John Jones , an old Servant, with an important introduction discussing other uneducated (that is, plebeian), poets.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.

Marguerite Gardiner, Countess of Blessington: Spring 1831

Women writers item

Spring 1831

Marguerite Blessington 's financial difficulties propelled her into incessant activity as an editor of and contributor to magazines and annuals.
Feldman, Paula R., editor. British Women Poets of the Romantic Era. John Hopkins University Press, 1997.
149

Harriet Corp: March 1831

Women writers item
Author event in Harriet Corp

March 1831

HC applied (with a letter of recommendation from William Frend ) for financial help to the Royal Literary Fund .
Archives of the Royal Literary Fund, 1790-1918.

Mary Prince: By March 1831

Writing climate item
Author event in Mary Prince

By March 1831

MP was disabled by arthritis, and going blind.
Prince, Mary, and Ziggi Alexander. The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave. Editor Ferguson, Moira, Pandora, 1987.
118

George Sand: By 3 March 1831

Writing climate item
Author event in George Sand

By 3 March 1831

Aurore Dudevant (later GS ) was employed as a columnist for the Figaro, a Parisian satirical political publication; she was the only woman employed there at the time.
Jack, Belinda. George Sand: A Woman’s Life Writ Large. Vintage, 2001.
171-3

Mary Maria Colling: 4 March 1831

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Maria Colling

4 March 1831

MMC , who was working inTavistock as a domestic servant, sent Anna Eliza Bray a parcel containing several of her poems.
Bray, Anna Eliza, and Mary Maria Colling. “Letters to Robert Southey”. Fables and Other Pieces in Verse by M.M. Colling, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1831, pp. 1-85.
2-3

By 5 March 1831: Thomas Love Peacock published his satirical...

Writing climate item

By 5 March 1831

Thomas Love Peacock published his satirical novel Crotchet Castle.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
175 (1831): 145

Sarah Scudgell Wilkinson: 19 March 1831

Women writers item
Author event in Sarah Scudgell Wilkinson

19 March 1831

SSW died in St Margaret's Workhouse, Westminster, where she had been resident for something close to a year; she was not yet fifty-two.
Potter, Franz. “Writing for the Spectre of Poverty”. Cardiff Corvey: Reading the Romantic Text, No. 11, 11 Dec. 2003.

Olivia Clarke: 1 April 1831

Women writers item
Author event in Olivia Clarke

1 April 1831

Sydney Morgan noted her sister OC 's generous goodness to old Molly Cane , their servant and mother-figure, who was dying and was full of plans for her funeral, coffin, and wake.
Morgan, Sydney Owenson, Lady. Lady Morgan’s Memoirs. Editors Dixon, William Hepworth and Geraldine Jewsbury, AMS Press, 1975, 2 vols.
2: 321-2

Georgiana Craik: April 1831

Women writers item
Author event in Georgiana Craik

April 1831

GC was born, probably at Vine Cottage, Cromwell Lane, Old Brompton, London, the youngest of three daughters; she also had a brother.
Boase, Frederic. Modern English Biography. F. Cass, 1965, 6 vols.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under George Lillie Craik

About April 1831: Edgar Allan Poe's third volume of verse was...

Writing climate item

About April 1831

Edgar Allan Poe 's third volume of verse was entitled Poems; it included the well-known piece To Helen.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
Thomas, Dwight, and David Jackson. The Poe Log: A Documentary Life of Edgar Allan Poe, 1809-1849. G. K. Hall, 1987.
116

Susan Ferrier: By 2 April 1831

Women writers item
Author event in Susan Ferrier

By 2 April 1831

SF —still as the author of Marriage—published her third and last novel, Destiny; or, The Chief's Daughter.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
179 (1831): 216, 228

Susanna Moodie: 4 April 1831

Women writers item
Author event in Susanna Moodie

4 April 1831

Susanna Strickland married John Wedderburn Dunbar Moodie , a military officer and author.
Gray, Charlotte. Sisters in the Wilderness: The Lives of Susanna Moodie and Catharine Parr Traill. Viking, 1999.
38
New, William H., editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 99. Gale Research, 1990.
250

27 April 1831: Fantee independence was recognized under...

National or international item

27 April 1831

Fantee independence was recognized under the treaty of peace and commerce between the Ashanti and the British.
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
I: 604

Jane Loudon: 29 April 1831

Women writers item
Author event in Jane Loudon

29 April 1831

The year after her marriage JL set out with her husband from Bayswater on the first of the horticultural tours which they took together (and which were already a habit of John Claudius Loudon )...

Fanny Kemble: Spring 1831

Women writers item
Author event in Fanny Kemble

Spring 1831

FK fell in love for the first time, with fellow actor Augustus Craven when they appeared together in Victor Hugo 's Hernani, but the relationship ended in heartbreak for her.
Clinton, Catherine. Fanny Kemble’s Civil Wars. Simon and Schuster, 2000.
45, 47

Early May 1831 and 1832: Sarah Biffin exhibited at the Royal Academy...

Building item

Early May 1831 and 1832

Sarah Biffin exhibited at the Royal Academy under her married name of Mrs E. M. Wright. Born without arms or legs, she became a skilled painter and embroiderer, holding her brush or needle in her...

Maria Jane Jewsbury: 28 May 1831

Women writers item
Author event in Maria Jane Jewsbury

28 May 1831

MJJ took occasion, in a review of Joanna Baillie for the Athenæum, to praise not only Baillie but also Ann Radcliffe , Elizabeth Inchbald , and Mary Wollstonecraft .
Wilkes, Joanne. “’Only the broken music’? The Critical Writings of Maria Jane Jewsbury”. Women’s Writing, Vol.
7
, No. 1, 2000, pp. 105-18.
115

Susanna Moodie: By 28 May 1831

Women writers item
Author event in Susanna Moodie

By 28 May 1831

SM published Enthusiasm, and Other Poems with London's Smith, Elder .
Peterman, Michael. Susanna Moodie: A Life. ECW Press, 1999.
42-3
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

Mary Anne Barker : 29 May 1831

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Anne Barker

29 May 1831

Mary Anne Stewart (later MAB ) was born at Spanish Town in Jamaica, where her father was secretary of the island colony.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Caroline Norton: 31 May 1831

Women writers item
Author event in Caroline Norton

31 May 1831

CN tried a new genre with a play, The Gypsy Father, which opened on this date at Covent Garden Theatre ; it was not a success with the audience and seems not to have been printed.
Chedzoy, Alan. A Scandalous Woman: The Story of Caroline Norton. Allison and Busby, 1995.
78

By June 1831: Giuseppe Mazzini founded the Young Italy...

National or international item

By June 1831

Giuseppe Mazzini founded the Young Italymovement.
Hobsbawm, Eric John. The Age of Revolution 1789-1848. Vintage, 1996.
132
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
273
Kinder, Hermann, and Werner Hilgemann. The Anchor Atlas of World History. Translator Menze, Ernest A., Vol.
2
, Anchor, 1978.
51

1 June 1831: James Clark Ross reached the magnetic North...

National or international item

1 June 1831

James Clark Ross reached the magnetic North Pole.
Hellemans, Alexander, and Bryan Bunch. The Timetables of Science: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Science. Simon and Shuster, 1988.
297
Williams, L. Pearce. Album of Science: The Nineteenth Century. Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1978.
149