Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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By 1800: Of the probably just over nine million British...

Building item

By 1800

Of the probably just over nine million British population (more than five million of them in Ireland) a staggering 28% was dependent on the poor rate.
Curry, Mary Jane. “’Not a day went by without a solitary walk’: Elizabeth’s Pastoral World”. Persuasions, Vol.
22
, No. 175-86, 2000.
182
Kelly, Matthew. “With Bit and Bridle”. London Review of Books, Vol.
32
, No. 15, 5 Aug. 2010, pp. 12-13.
22

About 1800: By now more than 70% of peers' eldest sons...

Building item

About 1800

By now more than 70% of peers' eldest sons were educated at one of four top public schools: Eton , Harrow , Westminster , and Winchester .
Colley, Linda. Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707-1837. Yale University Press, 1992.
167

About 1799-1800: London publisher John Marshall produced the...

Building item

About 1799-1800

London publisher John Marshall produced the earliest commercial miniature library for children, The Juvenile or Child's Library: a boxed set of tiny books suitable for an early reader, ideal for a child to teach...

By 1800: 750,000 men and women belonged to Female...

National or international item

By 1800

750,000 men and women belonged to Female Friendly Societies .
Schwarzkopf, Jutta. Women in the Chartist Movement. St Martin’s Press, 1991.
205-6

1800: Sally Sayward Keating (later Wood) published...

Writing climate item

1800

Sally Sayward Keating (later Wood) published at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, her novel Julia and the Illuminated Baron, written some years earlier and incorporating a tribute to Sarah Wentworth Morton .
Pendleton, Emily, and Milton Ellis. Philenia. University of Maine Press, 1931.
88

1800: Nicolas-Louis Robert, a Frenchman, invented...

Writing climate item

1800

Nicolas-Louis Robert , a Frenchman, invented a machine for making continuous-roll paper for printing.
Norris, F. H. Paper and Paper Making. Oxford University Press, 1952.
1

By 1800: Scotland had at least thirteen newspapers...

Building item

By 1800

Scotland had at least thirteen newspapers in publication.
Colley, Linda. Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707-1837. Yale University Press, 1992.
220

1800: At a Salisbury music festival, a concert...

Building item

1800

At a Salisbury music festival, a concert in the cathedral featuring work by Handel and Haydn drew an audience of 970.
Brewer, John. The Pleasures of the Imagination: English Culture in the Eighteenth Century. Farrar Straus Giroux, 1997.
568

1800: The College of Surgeons in London received...

Building item

1800

The College of Surgeons in London received a royal charter and became the Royal College of Surgeons .
Porter, Roy. English Society in the Eighteenth Century. Penguin, 1982.
91
Bozman, Ernest Franklin, editor. Everyman’s Encyclopaedia. 4th Edition, J. M. Dent, 1958, 12 vols.
10: 692-3

About 1800: Around this time, there were few professional...

Building item

About 1800

Around this time, there were few professional nurses in Ireland; the Meath Hospital and County Dublin Infirmary , for example, had only two paid nurses and expected friends of patients to nurse them while...

About 1800: Ladies' apparel of this time was in the style...

Building item

About 1800

Ladies' apparel of this time was in the style of naked fashions, mimicking the drapery of classical Greek statues.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
1
Ham, Elizabeth. Elizabeth Ham, by Herself, 1783-1820. Editor Gillett, Eric, Faber and Faber, 1945.
54, 55

1800-1848: The estimated national expenditure on newspaper...

Building item

1800-1848

The estimated national expenditure on newspaper advertisements between these years rose from £160,960 to £499,360.
Nevett, Terry R. Advertising in Britain: A History. Heinemann, 1982.
28

Germaine de Staël: 5 January 1800

Writing climate item
Author event in Germaine de Staël

5 January 1800

Following an anti-Napoleon speech by GS 's lover Benjamin Constant , her salon that night was thinly attended: a sign that opposition to the rising political power would not be tolerated.
Kobak, Annette. “Mme de Staël and Fanny Burney”. The Burney Journal, Vol.
4
, 2001, pp. 12-35.
27

Maria Barrell: 6 January 1800

Women writers item
Author event in Maria Barrell

6 January 1800

A destitute woman named MB (presumably the writer) was admitted to the workhouse at St Martin the the Fields. She left again on January the 25th.
Ashfield, Andrew. Emails to Isobel Grundy about Maria Barrell. 13 Apr. 2017.

Frances Burney: 6 January 1800

Women writers item
Author event in Frances Burney

6 January 1800

FB 's sister Susan or Susanna, best-loved of all her siblings, died at Chester, on her way to London from Ireland.
Hemlow, Joyce. The History of Fanny Burney. Clarendon, 1958.
288

Anna Maria Hall: 6 January 1800

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Maria Hall

6 January 1800

Anna Maria Fielding (later AMH ) was born in Anne Street, Dublin.
Hall, Samuel Carter. Retrospect of a Long Life: From 1815 to 1883. D. Appleton, 1883.
548

Maria Susanna Cooper: 7 January 1800

Women writers item
Author event in Maria Susanna Cooper

7 January 1800

Samuel Cooper , husband of MSC , died after a year of being too ill to preach or to leave the house. Two years after this her youngest son died as well.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Cooper, Bransby Blake. The Life of Sir Astley Cooper, Bart. John W. Parker, 1843, 2 vols.
1: 7

15 January 1800: The Irish parliament met for what was to...

National or international item

15 January 1800

The Irish parliament met for what was to be its last session.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.
under Henry Grattan

Germaine de Staël: January or February 1800

Writing climate item
Author event in Germaine de Staël

January or February 1800

GS published her influential study De la littérature considérée dans ses rapports avec les institutions sociales, which is credited with helping writers to move away from reliance on Greco-Latin models.
Winegarten, Renee. Mme de Staël. Berg, 1985.
54-5
Lonchamp, Frédéric-Charles. L’Œuvre Imprimé de Madame Germaine de Staël. Suisse, 1949.
25

Mary Robinson: February 1800

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Robinson

February 1800

MR began writing for the Monthly Magazine, published by Richard Phillips (as well as for the Morning Post).
Robinson, Mary. “Introduction”. Perdita: The Memoirs of Mary Robinson, edited by Moses Joseph Levy, Peter Owen, 1994.
xiii

February 1800: Edward Jenner vaccinated nearly two hundred...

Building item

February 1800

Edward Jenner vaccinated nearly two hundred people at Petworth in Sussex.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

Charlotte Smith: By 12 February 1800

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Smith

By 12 February 1800

CS knew Samuel Taylor Coleridge well enough to entertain him at her house, although he had already written parodies of her sonnet style.
Raycroft, Brent. “From Charlotte Smith to Nehemiah Higginbottom: Revising the Genealogy of the Early Romantic Sonnet”. European Romantic Review, Vol.
9
, No. 3, 1 June 1998–2026, pp. 363-92.
388n1

Mary Robinson: 26 February 1800

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Robinson

26 February 1800

The Morning Post published MR 's The Haunted Beach, an indignant poem about a pauper burial on Brighton beach.
Scholar Stuart Curran estimates that this paper printed no less than ninety-eight poems by MR .
Curran, Stuart. “Mary Robinson and the New Lyric”. Women’s Writing, Vol.
9
, No. 1, 2002, pp. 9-22.
16
Robinson, Mary. Perdita: The Memoirs of Mary Robinson. Editor Levy, Moses Joseph, Peter Owen, 1994.
135-6, 165

Susanna Watts: March 1800

Women writers item
Author event in Susanna Watts

March 1800

A prologue by SW was spoken at the opening of the New Theatre , Leicester.
Watts, Susanna. Original Poems, and Translations. 1802.
93

Mariana Starke: By March 1800

Women writers item
Author event in Mariana Starke

By March 1800

MS 's The Tournament, a five-act verse tragedy translated from German, was published with her name.
Critical Review. W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, 5 series.
28 (1800): 354
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.