Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Anna, Lady Miller : By April 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Anna, Lady Miller

By April 1776

Under the pen-name of an English Woman, ALM published at Dublin her Letters from Italy, Describing the Manners, Customs, Antiquities, Paintings, etc. . . , in three volumes, with an index.
Miller, Anna, Lady. “General Introduction”. [Lady Anna Riggs Miller], Letters from Italy (1777), Volume I, edited by Annie Richardson and Catherine Dille, Pickering and Chatto, 2009, pp. ix - xxix, 1.
1
Miller, Anna, Lady. Letters from Italy. W. Watson, 1776, 3 vols.
3: 237-8

Hannah More: April 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Hannah More

April 1776

Johnson and Boswell paid a visit to the school run by HM 's sisters in Bristol.
Jones, Mary Gwladys. Hannah More. Cambridge University Press, 1952.
4

30 April 1776: John Wilkes, in a plan for parliamentary...

Writing climate item

30 April 1776

John Wilkes , in a plan for parliamentary reform, put forward a proposal for universal male suffrage; Richard Price had recently, in Observations on Civil Liberty, also proposed abolishing the House of Lords .
Tomalin, Claire. The Life and Death of Mary Wollstonecraft. Revised, Penguin, 1992.
61-2

April 1776: Elizabeth Chudleigh was tried for bigamy...

Building item

April 1776

Elizabeth Chudleigh was tried for bigamy in her second marriage, to the late Duke of Kingston : she was found guilty but, her first husband being now a peer, she escaped the punishment of branding...

Elizabeth Graeme Ferguson: 2 April 1776

Writing climate item

2 April 1776

According to scholar Martha C. Slotten , EGF 's first poem to reach print was Ode to Spring, in the short-lived Pennsylvania Magazine.
Slotten, Martha C. “Elizabeth Graeme Ferguson: A Poet In ’The Athens of North America’”. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.
108
, No. 3, July 1984, pp. 259-88.
267

6 April 1776: Defying British legislation, the American...

National or international item

6 April 1776

Defying British legislation, the American Continental Congress opened United Colonies ports to trade with all nations, except for British dominions or British goods.
Coakley, Robert, and Stetson Conn. The War of the American Revolution. Center of Military History, 1975.
98

Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire: Shortly before 12 April 1776

Women writers item

Shortly before 12 April 1776

The childless Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire , suffered the first of her many miscarriages.
Foreman, Amanda. Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire. HarperCollins, 1998.
42, 51, 97

1 May 1776: The secret society of the Illuminati was...

Building item

1 May 1776

The secret society of the Illuminati was founded in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany.
Haydn, Joseph. Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information. Editor Vincent, Benjamin, 23rd ed., Ward, Lock, 1904.
629
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

David Garrick: June 1776

Building item
Author event in David Garrick

June 1776

Drury Lane Theatre was left in parlous condition at the retirement of David Garrick ; the next manager to make his mark on it was Richard Brinsley Sheridan , who now became joint-manager with three others.
The London Stage 1660-1800. Southern Illinois University Press, 1960–1968, 5 vols.
5: 5-6

Phebe Gibbes: Later 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Phebe Gibbes

Later 1776

A musical drama by PG was accepted for production, but then lost, by Richard Brinsley Sheridan , new manager of Drury Lane Theatre .
Archives of the Royal Literary Fund, 1790-1918.

By June 1776: The Stamp Act (repealed a decade previously)...

National or international item

By June 1776

The Stamp Act (repealed a decade previously) now laid a tax on periodicals at a penny halfpenny a sheet.
Thomas, Donald. A Long Time Burning: The History of Literary Censorship in England. Frederick A. Praeger, 1969.
141
Gentleman’s Magazine. Various publishers.
45 (1775): 192

From : Arthur Young spent the time in Ireland (as...

Building item

From Summer 1776

Arthur Young spent the time in Ireland (as agent to Lord Kingsborough ) on which he based his Tour in Ireland, published in 1780.
Kelly, Gary, editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 158. Gale Research, 1996.
389
Curley, Thomas. “Johnson and the Irish: A Post-Colonial Survey of the Irish Literary Renaissance in Imperial Great Britain”. The Age of Johnson, edited by Paul J. Korshin and Jack Lynch, Vol.
12
, AMS Press, 2001, pp. 67-197.
184n3

Mary Deverell: By June 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Deverell

By June 1776

MD moved from Gloucestershire (apparently from Nailsworth) to publish the second edition of her first book; she settled at 115 Jermyn Street in London.
Deverell, Mary. Miscellanies in Prose and Verse. Printed for the author by J. Rivington, Jun., 1781, 2 vols.
prelims
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Deverell, Mary. Miscellanies in Prose and Verse. Printed for the author by J. Rivington, Jun., 1781, 2 vols.
preliminary matter, 1: 106

Elizabeth Montagu: 21 June-15 October 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Montagu

21 June-15 October 1776

EM travelled to Paris with a group which included her nephew Matthew Montagu , Dorothea Gregory , and Elizabeth Carter 's nephew Montagu Pennington .
Myers, Sylvia Harcstark. The Bluestocking Circle: Women, Friendship, and the Life of the Mind in Eighteenth-Century England. Clarendon, 1990.
249
Rizzo, Betty. Companions Without Vows: Relationships Among Eighteenth-Century British Women. University of Georgia Press, 1994.
130
Blunt, Reginald, and Elizabeth Montagu. Mrs Montagu, "Queen of the Blues", Her Letters and Friendships from 1762 to 1800. Constable, 1923, 2 vols.
1: 311, 335

Elizabeth Griffith: 22 June 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Griffith

22 June 1776

EG published The Story of Lady Juliana Harley, A Novel.
Norton, J. E. “Some Uncollected Authors XXII: Elizabeth Griffith 1727-1793”. The Book Collector, Vol.
8
, 1959, pp. 418-24.
423

Elizabeth Gilding: July 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Gilding

July 1776

Again as E. G. of Woolwich, Elizabeth Turner, or Gilding , published in the Universal Magazine a poem entitled Invocation to Sleep.
Pitcher, Edward W. Signatures and Pseudonyms of the Eighteenth-Century British Magazines: An Annotated Index in Three Volumes. 2004.
Pitcher, Edward W. “Eliza Gilding (Mrs. Daniel Turner): Some Facts and Inferences”. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews, Vol.
12
, No. 1, 1 Dec. 1999–28 Feb. 2000, pp. 6-22.
12

4 July 1776: The third US Congress (Second Continental...

National or international item

4 July 1776

The third US Congress (Second Continental Congress), meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, adopted the Declaration of Independence.
Langer, William L., editor. An Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged. 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1968.
560
Williams, Neville. Chronology of the Modern World: 1763 to the Present Time. David McKay, 1967.
28

6 July 1776: Captain James Cook began his third and last...

National or international item

6 July 1776

Captain James Cook began his third and last circumnavigation.
Langer, William L., editor. An Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged. 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1968.
924, 938
Windschuttle, Keith. The Killing of History: How Literary Critics and Social Theorists are Murdering our Past. Encounter Books, 2000.
82

Elizabeth Inchbald: 7 July 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Inchbald

7 July 1776

Elizabeth and Joseph Inchbald sailed from Shields in Scotland for France, in order for Elizabeth to study French and her husband to improve his painting.
Manvell, Roger. Elizabeth Inchbald: England’s Principal Woman Dramatist and Independent Woman of Letters in 18th Century London. University Press of America, 1987.
15
Inchbald, Elizabeth. “Introduction”. A Simple Story, edited by Jane Spencer and Joyce Marjorie Sanxter Tompkins, Oxford University Press, 1988, p. vii - xxxiii.
xxxi

By 10 July 1776: The London papers had a new line about the...

Building item

By 10 July 1776

The London papers had a new line about the chevalier d'Éon's doubtful gender: that he represented an admirable blend of the best qualities of both sexes.
Clark, Anna. “The Chevalier d’Eon and Wilkes: Masculinity and Politics in the Eighteenth Century”. Eighteenth-Century Studies, Vol.
32
, No. 1, 1998, pp. 19-48.
36

Mercy Otis Warren: Later 1776

Writing climate item
Author event in Mercy Otis Warren

Later 1776

MOW published anonymously at Boston another political play, The Blockheads; or, The Affrighted Officers.
Anthony, Katharine Susan. First Lady of the Revolution: The Life of Mercy Otis Warren. Kennikat Press, 1972.
109

Anne Damer: 15 August 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Damer

15 August 1776

John Damer committed suicide by shooting himself; he had run up huge gambling debts, but his estranged wife, AD , was blamed in some quarters for his death.
Cokayne, George Edward. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant. Editor Gibbs, Vicary, St Catherine Press, 1910–1959, 14 vols.

Elizabeth Montagu: 25 August 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Montagu

25 August 1776

EM attended the public session of the Académie Française on the feast of St Louis.
Blunt, Reginald, and Elizabeth Montagu. Mrs Montagu, "Queen of the Blues", Her Letters and Friendships from 1762 to 1800. Constable, 1923, 2 vols.
1: 313

Mary Bosanquet Fletcher: September 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Bosanquet Fletcher

September 1776

Mary Bosanquet (later Fletcher) preached to a rabble of about 2,000—outdoors, standing on a large rock. Though Methodist woman were supposed merely to speak rather than preach, she did so on a biblical text.
qtd. in
Burge, Janet. Women Preachers in Community: Sarah Ryan, Sarah Crosby, Mary Bosanquet. Foundery Press, 1996.
22
Staves, Susan. “Church of England Clergy and Women Writers”. Reconsidering the Bluestockings, edited by Nicole Pohl and Betty Schellenberg, Huntington Library, 2003, pp. 81-103.
99

Hester Lynch Piozzi: September 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Hester Lynch Piozzi

September 1776

Hester Thrale 's husband confided in her that he had an Ailment, a swollen testicle; she, Poor Fool, was horrified, having no Notion but a Cancer. It was not that, but sexually transmitted disease.
qtd. in
Piozzi, Hester Lynch. The Thrales of Streatham Park. Editor Hyde, Mary, Harvard University Press, 1977.
165-6