Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Elizabeth Inchbald: Autumn 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Inchbald

Autumn 1776

Holed up in Dieppe at the end of a trip to France with her husband which had taken almost their last penny, EI first tried her hand at writing a farce.
Manvell, Roger. Elizabeth Inchbald: England’s Principal Woman Dramatist and Independent Woman of Letters in 18th Century London. University Press of America, 1987.
15

Ann Jebb: September 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Ann Jebb

September 1776

A year after John Jebb 's resignation from his Cambridge position, he and AJ moved to settle in Craven Street, London.
Jebb, John. “Memoirs”. The Works, Theological, Medical, Political, and Miscellaneous, of John Jebb, M.D. F.R.S., edited by John Disney, T. Cadell, J. Johnson, and J. Stockdale; J. and J. Merrill, 1787, pp. 1: 1 - 227.
122

Hester Lynch Piozzi: 15 September 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Hester Lynch Piozzi

15 September 1776

HLP 's first husband presented her with large blank books in which to record the social aspects of her life, and gave the record the pompous Title of Thraliana.
qtd. in
Clifford, James L. Hester Lynch Piozzi (Mrs Thrale). Clarendon Press, 1987.
145

15 September 1776: British troops won a victory at Kip's Bay...

National or international item

15 September 1776

British troops won a victory at Kip's Bay off Manhattan Island, and occupied New York City.
Coakley, Robert, and Stetson Conn. The War of the American Revolution. Center of Military History, 1975.
101

Elizabeth Inchbald: 11 October 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Inchbald

11 October 1776

Elizabeth and Joseph Inchbald signed up with Joseph Younger 's theatre company in Liverpool; that season they acted there and in Manchester.
Manvell, Roger. Elizabeth Inchbald: England’s Principal Woman Dramatist and Independent Woman of Letters in 18th Century London. University Press of America, 1987.
15

Charlotte Smith: 13 October 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Smith

13 October 1776

CS 's father-in-law, Richard Smith , died, leaving an inheritance of £36,000 which he intended to preserve her and her children from his son 's fecklessness.
Fletcher, Loraine. Charlotte Smith: A Critical Biography. Macmillan, 1998.
44, 56
Hilbish, Florence. Charlotte Smith, Poet and Novelist. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1941.
71, 75

Catherine Phillips: 22 October 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Catherine Phillips

22 October 1776

CP wrote at Redruth, Cornwall, An Epistle to Friends in Ireland, which was published that year at Dublin.
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.

By November 1776: A Dr A. Humeimg: ESTC doesn't give full name....

Building item

By November 1776

A Dr A. Hume published Every Woman her own Physician; or the Lady's Medical Assistant. Containing the History and Cure of the Various Diseases incident to Women and Children.
Critical Review. W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, 5 series.
42 (1776): 393

Adelaide O'Keeffe: 5 November 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Adelaide O'Keeffe

5 November 1776

AOK was born in Eustace Street, Dublin.
O’Donoghue, David James. The Poets of Ireland. Gale Research, 1968.
358

28 November 1776: The otherwise unidentified Mrs H. Cartwright...

Women writers item

28 November 1776

The otherwise unidentified Mrs H. Cartwright wrote the dedication to Elizabeth Montagu of her first work, Letters on Female Education Addressed to a Married Lady, which appeared early the next year.
Cartwright, Mrs H. Letters on Female Education Addressed to a Married Lady. E. and C. Dilly, 1777.
prelims

Maria Susanna Cooper: Probably late 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Maria Susanna Cooper

Probably late 1776

MSC issued her only known publication entirely in verse, Jane Shore to her Friend, A Poetical Epistle, identifying herself as authoress of some earlier works.
Monthly Review, 1900-1907. John Murray, 1-27.
56 (January 1777): 68

Elizabeth Griffith: December 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Griffith

December 1776

An anonymous translation of Beaumarchais appeared: The Barber of Seville, which in the past has been ascribed to EG .
Highfill, Philip H. et al. A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660-1800. Southern Illinois University Press, 1973–1993.
6: 379
Norton, J. E. “Some Uncollected Authors XXII: Elizabeth Griffith 1727-1793”. The Book Collector, Vol.
8
, 1959, pp. 418-24.
419

Mary Robinson: 10 December 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Robinson

10 December 1776

MR made her stage debut at Drury Lane as Juliet to William Brereton 's Romeo; she was an instantaneous success.
Robinson, Mary. “Introduction”. Mary Robinson: Selected Poems, edited by Judith Pascoe, Broadview, 2000, pp. 19-64.
26, 63
Robinson, Mary. Perdita: The Memoirs of Mary Robinson. Editor Levy, Moses Joseph, Peter Owen, 1994.
87-9

13 December 1776: Special services were held in all churches...

National or international item

13 December 1776

Special services were held in all churches in England, at which prayers were offered for victory over the American rebels.
Tomalin, Claire. Jane Austen: A Life. Penguin Viking, 1997.
10

Ellen Weeton: Biography: 25 December 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Ellen Weeton: Biography

25 December 1776

EW was born at her parents' house in Church Street, Lancaster.
Her baptism was recorded as on 25 January 1777, at St John's Chapel, Lancaster.
Weeton, Ellen, and John Joseph Bagley. Miss Weeton’s Journal of a Governess. Editor Hall, Edward, Augustus M. Kelley, 1969, 2 vols.
2: 401
Weeton, Ellen, and John Joseph Bagley. Miss Weeton’s Journal of a Governess. Editor Hall, Edward, Augustus M. Kelley, 1969, 2 vols.
1: 6; 2: 401
Vickery, Amanda. The Gentleman’s Daughter: Women’s Lives in Georgian England. Yale University Press, 1998.
381

Sydney Owenson, Lady Morgan: Christmas Day, perhaps 1776

Women writers item

Christmas Day, perhaps 1776

Sydney Owenson was born: probably in Dublin although possibly, with happy symbolism, on board ship crossing the Irish Sea.
The exact birthdate remains uncertain: throughout her life she was reticent about her age.
Newcomer, James. Lady Morgan the Novelist. Bucknell University Press and Associated University Presses, 1990.
9

Elizabeth, Smith: 27 December 1776

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth, Smith

27 December 1776

Elizabeth Smith was born, a second child and eldest daughter, at the beautiful residence of her paternal ancestors,
Smith, Elizabeth, 1776 - 1806. Fragments, in Prose and Verse. Editor Bowdler, Henrietta Maria, Richard Cruttwell, 1809.
1
Burnhall or Burn Hall near Durham.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Smith, Elizabeth, 1776 - 1806. Fragments, in Prose and Verse. Editor Bowdler, Henrietta Maria, Richard Cruttwell, 1809.
1, 215

Margaret Croker: 1777

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Croker

1777

MC was born at Holbeton in Devon.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

Mary Wollstonecraft: 1777

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Wollstonecraft

1777

MW 's family moved back from Wales to London, this time to Walworth. This was their sixth move during fourteen years of Mary's childhood and adolescence.
Tomalin, Claire. The Life and Death of Mary Wollstonecraft. Revised, Penguin, 1992.
27-8

Maria Theresa Kemble: By 1777

Women writers item
Author event in Maria Theresa Kemble

By 1777

MTK 's father moved his family from Vienna to London.
Highfill, Philip H. et al. A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660-1800. Southern Illinois University Press, 1973–1993.
322

1777: Richard Samuel engraved his Nine Living Muses...

Women writers item

1777

Richard Samuel engraved his Nine Living Muses of Great Britain (or Portraits in the Character of the Muses in the Temple of Apollo) for Johnson's Ladies New and Polite Pocket Memorandum for 1778...

1777: Henry Mackenzie published his sentimental...

Writing climate item

1777

Henry Mackenzie published his sentimental novel Julia de Roubigné, whose heroine is poisoned by the jealous husband she has married to please her father.
Manning, Susan. “Julie de Roubigné: Last Gasp, or First Fruits?”. Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies, Vol.
24
, No. 2, 1 Sept.–30 Nov. 2001, pp. 161-73.
163

By 1777: The chevalier d'Éon was representing herself...

Building item

By 1777

The chevalier d'Éon was representing herself as a heroic cross-dressed woman, and calling herself the Chevalière.
Clark, Anna. “The Chevalier d’Eon and Wilkes: Masculinity and Politics in the Eighteenth Century”. Eighteenth-Century Studies, Vol.
32
, No. 1, 1998, pp. 19-48.
38

1777: The Royal Society received another account...

Building item

1777

The Royal Society received another account of a young woman refusing food, that of Janet Macleod of the county of Ross in Scotland, who had what was called an epileptic fit at fifteen...

1777: John Howard, with The State of the Prisons...

Building item

1777

John Howard , with The State of the Prisons in England and Wales (printed by William Eyres at Warrington and sold by Joseph Johnson in London) initiated a movement for prison reform.
White, Daniel E. “The Joineriana: Anna Barbauld, the Aikin Family Circle, and the Dissenting Public Sphere”. Eighteenth-Century Studies, Vol.
32
, No. 4, 1999, pp. 511-33.
517