Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Isa Craig: September 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Isa Craig

September 1859

IC anonymously published an article in the English Woman's Journal entitled Infant Seamstresses, on the exploitation of child needleworkers.
Craig, Isa. “Infant Seamstresses”. English Woman’s Journal, Vol.
4
, Sept. 1859, pp. 25-34.
25
Hirsch, Pam. Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon 1827-1891: Feminist, Artist and Rebel. Chatto and Windus, 1998.
189

Elizabeth Rigby: Later 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Rigby

Later 1859

Taking a big sweep westwards, ER and her husband, Sir Charles Eastlake , left London again and travelled via Vienna, over the Alps to Venice, and back through Milan and Marseilles to Madrid.
Rigby, Elizabeth. “Preface and Memoirs”. Journals and Correspondence of Lady Eastlake, edited by Charles Eastlake Smith, J. Murray, 1895, p. Various pages.
2: 115

Jessie White Mario: September 1859-May 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Jessie White Mario

September 1859-May 1860

After their release from prison in Bologna, JWM and her husband left Italy for Switzerland, where they lived above a post office in Lugano.
Daniels, Elizabeth Adams. Jessie White Mario: Risorgimento Revolutionary. Ohio University Press, 1972.
89

Harriet E. Wilson: 5 September 1859

Writing climate item
Author event in Harriet E. Wilson

5 September 1859

HEW published her sentimental autobiographical novel Our Nig; or, Sketches from the Life of a Free Black, in a Two-Story White House, North, Showing that Slavery's Shadows Fall Even There.
Wilson, Harriet E. “Introduction”. Our Nig, edited by Henry Louis, Jr Gates, Vintage Books, Random House, 1983, p. xi - lix.
xi

13 September 1859: The Englishwoman's Review and Drawing Room...

Writing climate item

13 September 1859

The Englishwoman's Review and Drawing Room Journal of Social Progress, Literature and Art ceased publication in London.
Doughan, David, and Denise Sanchez. Feminist Periodicals, 1855-1984. Harvester Press, 1987.
1

Louisa Catherine Shore: By 17 September 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Louisa Catherine Shore

By 17 September 1859

A second joint volume by Arabella and Louisa Catherine Shore appeared under the initials A. and L., titled for the latter's long narrative poem: Gemma of the Isles, A Lyrical Drama, and Other Poems...

Eliza Lynn Linton: From at least 17 September 1859 to 13 October 1860

Women writers item
Author event in Eliza Lynn Linton

From at least 17 September 1859 to 13 October 1860

ELL contributed a number of reviews to the Athenæum. They bore various forms of her name: E. Linton, Mrs. Linton, and Linton.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.

Isabella Beeton: Late September 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Isabella Beeton

Late September 1859

The first of 24 parts of The Book of Household Management, by the young IB , appeared.
Bloom, Abigail Burnham, editor. Nineteenth-Century British Women Writers. Greenwood Press, 2000.
20-1
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

Cecil Frances Alexander : By 1 October 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Cecil Frances Alexander

By 1 October 1859

CFA published another volume of poetry, The Legend of the Golden Prayers, and Other Poems.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1666 (1 October 1859): 430

Jessie Boucherett: October 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Jessie Boucherett

October 1859

JB and Bessie Rayner Parkes delivered papers at the Congress of the Social Science Association at Bradford, addressing issues relating to women's employment.
Stone, James S. Emily Faithfull: Victorian Champion of Women’s Rights. P. D. Meany, 1994.
47

George Eliot: October 1859

Women writers item
Author event in George Eliot

October 1859

Unscrupulous publisher Thomas Cautley Newby took advantage of GE 's work to advertise a spurious Adam Bede, Junior: A Sequel.
qtd. in
Haight, Gordon S. George Eliot: A Biography. Oxford University Press, 1968.
313-14

Elizabeth Gaskell: October 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Gaskell

October 1859

EG 's short story Lois the Witch appeared in Dickens's new magazine All the Year Round.
Gaskell, Elizabeth. Gothic Tales. Editor Kranzler, Laura, Penguin, 2000.
223

Fanny Kemble: October 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Fanny Kemble

October 1859

FK 's elder daughter, Sarah Butler , married Owen Wister , a Quaker doctor from Philadelphia.
Clinton, Catherine. Fanny Kemble’s Civil Wars. Simon and Schuster, 2000.
162

Katharine S. Macquoid: Late 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Katharine S. Macquoid

Late 1859

KSM first reached print with a short story in a recently-launched periodical, The Welcome Guest, A Magazine for All.
Her publications here and later in Temple Bar and Belgravia magazines suggest a sustained connection...

October 1859: The Society for Promoting the Employment...

National or international item

October 1859

The Society for Promoting the Employment of Women officially joined with the Social Science Association .
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
140, 142

Anna Brownell Jameson: 10 October 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Brownell Jameson

10 October 1859

ABJ made her final public appearance at the Bradford meeting of the Social Science Association , where her comments on papers on women's employment were heard with awe.
Johnston, Judith. Anna Jameson: Victorian, Feminist, Woman of Letters. Scolar Press, 1997.
xiv
Jameson, Anna Brownell. Anna Jameson: Letters and Friendships (1812-1860). Editor Erskine, Beatrice Caroline, T. Fisher Unwin, 1915.
336-7

Caroline Norton: 13 October 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Caroline Norton

13 October 1859

CN 's elder surviving son, Fletcher , died of consumption, aged thirty, at Paris en route to a new posting at Athens.
Huddleston, Joan, and Caroline Norton. “Introduction”. Caroline Norton’s Defense, Academy Chicago, 1982, p. I - XIII.
xii
Chedzoy, Alan. A Scandalous Woman: The Story of Caroline Norton. Allison and Busby, 1995.
267-8

16 October 1859: The Harpers Ferry Insurrection took place,...

National or international item

16 October 1859

The Harpers Ferry Insurrection took place, led by white abolitionist John Brown who, along with roughly twenty other men, attempted to seize the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
Evans, Richard J. The Penguin Dictionary of Nineteenth Century History. Editors Belchem, John and Richard Price, Penguin, 1996.
85
Corey, Melinda, and George Ochoa, editors. The Encyclopedia of the Victorian World. Henry Holt and Company, 1996.
65
Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States: 1492-Present. 20th Anniversary Edition, HarperCollins, 1999.
184-186

Anna Mary Howitt: 18 October 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Mary Howitt

18 October 1859

Anna Mary Howitt married Alaric Alfred Watts (1825-1901, great-nephew of writer Susanna Watts ); his courtship was of long standing and apparently little encouraged at first.
Woodring, Carl Ray. Victorian Samplers: William and Mary Howitt. University of Kansas Press, 1952.
225
Lee, Amice. Laurels & Rosemary: The Life of William and Mary Howitt. Oxford University Press, 1955.
163, 218

Margaret Oliphant: 20 October 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Oliphant

20 October 1859

MO 's husband, Francis , died of tuberculosis in Rome.
Williams, Merryn. Margaret Oliphant: A Critical Biography. St Martin’s Press, 1986.
32

Late 1859: The offices of The English Woman's Journal...

Women writers item

Late 1859

The offices of The English Woman's Journal moved from Cavendish Square to 19 Langham Place, where a ladies' club was also planned.
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
140
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

1 November 1859: Alexander Macmillan began publishing Macmillan's...

Writing climate item

1 November 1859

Alexander Macmillan began publishing Macmillan's Magazine, the first major monthly magazine priced at a shilling.
Houghton, Walter E., and Jean Harris Slingerland, editors. The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. University of Toronto Press, 1966–1989, 5 vols.
1: 554-5
Sutherland, John, b. 1938. The Stanford Companion to Victorian Fiction. Stanford University Press, 1989.
400-1
Brake, Laurel. Subjugated Knowledges. Macmillan; New York University Press, 1994.
21

Mathilde Blind: Probably November 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Mathilde Blind

Probably November 1859

The first writing by MB to become public was an ode she wrote in German to mark the centenary of Friedrich Schiller , which was recited at commemorations in Bradford.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

Mabel Birchenough: By late 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Mabel Birchenough

By late 1859

MB was born in Wiltshire, in or near Marlborough. She was baptised on 11 November, the third daughter in a family of seven children.
Ancestry.co.uk. http://www.ancestry.co.uk.

Anna Atkins: Biography: By 19 November 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Atkins: Biography

By 19 November 1859

AA , as the author of The Colonel, published Murder Will Out, a shift towards the emerging genre of the sensation novel (a genre which, however, she later disavowed).
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1673 (19 November 1859): 667